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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the nutritional state of children in a Congolese village (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Essential fatty acids ; Plasma ; Developing countries ; Africa ; Child nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid status of an unselected group of 84 Congolese children was determined by estimating the fatty acid composition of the plasma phospholipid (PL) and cholesterolester (CE) fractions using capillary gas chromatography. In comparison with North American and European children a wide range of values and low mean percentages (related to the fatty acids of a chain length of 14–24 carbon atoms) were found for the following fatty acids (mean±SD): linoleic acid (LA) (PL: 17.19±3.85; CE: 40.13±7.72); arachidonic acid (AA) (PL: 6.60±2.28; CE 4.32±1.71); dihomo-gammalinolenic acid (DHLA) (PL: 1.80±0.68; CE 0.41±0.22). On average, ω3 fatty acids were higher than in reference groups, while similar values were found for the monoenoic and ω9 fatty acids. No sample contained eicosatrienoic acid, 20:3ω9 (ETA) which, dependent on analytical methods, may be difficult to separate from behenic acid (22:0). Changes in the relation between the two lipid fractions occurred when the LA content in CE was less than 35%. Also the correlation between LA and AA in CE, which was significant below 35% LA (r=0.84), changed with higher values for LA (r=0.01). These findings may indicate that alterations in fatty acid metabolism occur when LA values in CE — which are supposed to be directly related to the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids — fall below 35% of all fatty acids in this lipid fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445928
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the nutritional state of children in a Congolese village (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Plasma proteins ; Immunoglobulins ; Circulating immune complexes ; Anthropometry ; Developing countries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nutritional status of an unselected group of 111 children from the village of Bouansa, People's Republic of the Congo, was studied. Comprehensive clinical examinations, anthropometrical measurements and analysis of albumin, prealbumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgG- and IgM-circulating immune complexes (CIC) were carried out. The results show, by anthropometrical classification, a high prevalence of moderate malnutrition. Low levels of plasma proteins and high levels of immunoglobulins and CIC were found. No correlation between anthropometrical classification and plasma proteins was established. Children with increased levels of CRP showed low prealbumin values and increased levels of ferritin. Patterns of immunoglobulins and CIC were close to those found in other studies in tropical countries. To evaluate the anthropometrical and biochemical findings it is necessary to take into consideration the apparently healthy appearance of the children, which shows the degree of adaptation to the limited availability of food and the high rate of acute and chronic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445927
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma carotenoids in German children and adolescents (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1996), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Antioxidants ; Carotenoids ; β-carotene ; Lycopene ; Cryptoxanthin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carotenoids are important antioxidants and precursors of vitamin A, but only few studies have been carried out on plasma carotenoid levels in paediatric age groups. Using high-performance liquid chromatography we analysed concentrations of four important carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lycopene) in 129 healthy German children and adolescents (81 boys, 48 girls; age 1–18 years). For all carotenoids analysed, no significant differences between girls and boys were found. α-Carotene values ranged from 0 μmol/l (below detection limits) to 0.73 μmol/l (0–395 μg/l), β-carotene from 0.09 μmol/l to 2.68 μmol/l (48–1443 μg/l), lycopene from 0 μmol/l to 1.51 μmol/l (0–815 μg/l), and cryptoxanthin from 0 μmol/l to 0.30 μmol/l (0–164 μg/l), respectively. Data analyses according to age groups showed a tendency towards higher levels of α- and β-carotene, and lower levels of lycopene in young children. These differences were significant when children younger than 4 years were compared with those above 8 and 12 years, respectively. The data presented may serve as reference values for studies on children with nutritional disorders and diseases associated with a risk of vitamin deficiencies. Conclusion Carotenoids are important antioxidants and singlet oxygen scavengers. Plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene and cryptoxanthin were determined in 129 healthy German children and adolescents. Highest values were found for β-carotene and lycopene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050557
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaly skin alterations and plasma fatty acids in Congolese children
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Acta Tropica 54 (1993), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-706X
    Keywords: Congo ; Essential fatty acid ; Fatty acid ; Skin alterations ; [abr] 18:2(n-6) ; [abr] 20:4(n-6) ; [abr] AA arachidonic acid ; [abr] CE ; [abr] EFA ; [abr] FA ; [abr] LA ; [abr] PL ; [abr] PUFA ; [abr] essential fatty acids ; [abr] fatty acids ; [abr] linoleic acid ; [abr] plasma cholesterol esters ; [abr] plasma phospholipids ; [abr] polyunsaturated fatty acids
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706X(93)90055-G
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (n-6)-Fatty acids in plasma lipids of children with atopic bronchial asthma (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 6 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been suggested that atopy is associated with an impairment in the δ6-desaturation of (n-6)-polyunsaturated fatty acids and subsequently low levels of eicosanoid precursors. To evaluate this hypothesis we analyzed the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and plasma cholesterolest-ers in a well-defined group of children with atopic bronchial asthma (n = 17) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 10). Atopic children showed significantly higher levels of linoleic acid and lower proportions of arachidonic acid in plasma lipids. No differences were observed with respect to γ-lino-lenic acid (GLA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA). It is concluded that there is no biochemical evidence for a δ6-desaturation defect in atopic children and therefore no justification for the supplementation of GLA and DHLA; e.g. by the use of evening primrose oil preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00287.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary (n-3)-polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis and course of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Eikosanoidsynthese in Makrophagen von Meerschweinchen untersucht, die mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten (n-6)- und (n-3)-mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren (PUFA) gefüttert wurden. Drei Gruppen entwöhnter Meerschweinchen wurden mit isokalorischen Diäten gefüttert, die sich nur in ihrem Gehalt an PUFA unterschieden: Kontrollen mit 2,8 Cal% Linolsäure (LA. (18:2(n-6)); Tiere mit (n-6)-angereichertem Futter mit 15,4 Cal% LA und Tiere mit (n-3)-angereichertem Futter mit 10,1 Cal% LA, 1,4 Cal% Eikosapentaensäure (20:5(n-3)) und 0,9 Cal% Dokosahexaensäure (22:6(n-3)). Nach 13 Wochen wurde die Hälfte der Tiere aus jeder Gruppe mit 180 Kolonie-bildenden Einheiten des StammesMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv i.m. infiziert. Sieben Wochen nach Infektion wurde die Freisetzung von LTB4 und PGE2 in Kalzium-Ionophor stimuliertem Vollblut, Peritonealmakrophagen und Alveolarmakrophagen mittels Immunoassays nach Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie quantifiziert. Die Synthese von LTB4 und PGE2 war reduziert bei den (n-3)-reich gefütterten Meerschweinchen (p〈0,05) und äquivalent bei den Kontrollen und (n-6)-reich gefütterten Tieren. Kontrolltiere und (n-6)-reich gefütterte Meerschweinchen wiesen die gleiche Zahl von Mykobakterien in der Milz auf, während sich bei den (n-3)-gefütterten Tieren eine erhöhte Zahl von Mykobakterien zeigte (p〈0,05). Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine höhere diätetische Zufuhr von (n-3)-PUFA die Synthese von LTB4 und PGE2 unterdrückt. Die erhöhte Zahl vonM. tuberculosis in den Milzen von (n-3)-gefütterten Tieren spricht für eine Persistenz der experimentellen Tuberkulose unter diesen Bedingungen. Möglicherweise existiert zwischen beiden Befunden ein funktioneller Zusammenhang.
    Notes: Summary In the present study eicosanoid synthesis was studied in macrophages of guinea pigs fed different amounts of (n-6)- and (n-3)-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Three groups of weanling guinea pigs were fed by isocaloric diets differing only in their contents of PUFA: controls with 2.8 Cal% of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2(n-6)); (n-6)-rich fed animals with 15.4 Cal% of LA; and (n-3)-rich fed animals with 10.1 Cal% of LA, 1.4 Cal% of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)). After 13 weeks half the number of animals from each group was infected i.m. by 180 colony forming units ofMycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Seven weeks after infection the release of leukotriene (LT)B4 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 was quantified in calcium ionophore stimulated whole blood, peritoneal macrophage cultures and alveolar macrophages by immunoassays after high performance liquid chromatography. Synthesis of LTB4 and PGE2 was found to be reduced in (n-3)-rich fed guinea pigs (p〈0.05), and equivalent between controls and (n-6)-rich fed animals. Controls and (n-6)-rich fed animals showed the same mycobacterial counts in the spleen whereas (n-3)-rich fed guinea pigs demonstrated an increased number of mycobacteria (p〈0.05). Our results demonstrate that an increased dietary intake of (n-3)-PUFA suppress LTB4 and PGE2 synthesis. The increased number ofM. tuberculosis found in the spleens of (n-3)-rich fed animals could represent persistence of the experimental infection. It may be speculated that a functional relationship exists between the two findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infection of a lateral cervical cyst with Propionibacterium propionicum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Capnocytophaga sp. (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 10 (1995), S. 492-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Actinomyces infection ; Lateral cervical cyst ; Propionibacterium propionicum ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Capnocytophaga sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A recurrent infection of the left cervical area dorsal to the sternocleidomastoid muscle with actinomycosis in a 6-year-old girl is presented. Several antibiotic regimens failed, and repeated surgical treatments were necessary. The existence of a lateral cervical cyst and subsequent infection with agents of actinomycosis may have been the route of infection in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176395
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuberkuloseverdacht bei Kindern Leitlinien für eine schnelle klinische Diagnose (1997)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 938-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Die prompte Diagnose der Kindertuberkulose ist wahrscheinlich eines der schwierigsten klinischen Probleme für den Pädiater [6, 16], kann aber für eine gute Prognose entscheidend sein [5, 7, 14]. Wo Kindertuberkulose eher selten ist, können fehlender Verdacht, zu geringe klinische Erfahrung und unklare Richtlinien zur Verzögerung des Behandlungsbeginns führen. Eine verpaßte oder verzögerte Diagnose kann zu unnötigem Leiden oder im Extremfall zum Tod des Patienten führen. Das ist besonders schwerwiegend, weil eine hochwirksame und sichere Behandlung zur Verfügung steht. Die in Deutschland in der Zeit zwischen 1985 und 1994 übliche diagnostische Routine und die Haupterscheinungsformen der Kindertuberkulose bilden zusammen mit aktuellen Empfehlungen und eigenen Erfahrungen aus Heidelberg und Berlin die Grundlage für umfassende Leitlinien zur klinischen Aufarbeitung bei Tuberkuloseverdacht [1, 2, 4, 8–13, 18, 19]. Sie zeigen, welche diagnostischen Schritte je nach Aufnahmegrund durchlaufen werden müssen, um ohne Verzögerungen und Umwege zu einer zuverlässigen Diagnose zu kommen. Die von uns entwickelte Struktur der Flußdiagramme erscheint, bei den jetzt vorhandenen Möglichkeiten, optimal für die Bedingungen eines entwickelten Landes mit niedriger Tuberkuloseprävalenz. Die Flußdiagramme sind gedacht als eine im klinischen Alltag verwendbare Hilfe für ein effektives diagnostisches Vorgehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050198
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin E status in Sudanese children with protein-energy malnutrition (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: protein-energymalnutrition ; vitaminE status ; children ; Sudan ; developingcountries ; Protein-Energie-Mangelernährung ; Vitamin-E-Status ; Kinder ; Sudan ; Entwicklungsländer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Gesamttocopherol und alpha-Tocopherol wurden im Plasma von Kindern mit schwerer Mangelernährung (14 Maramus; 11 marantischer kwashiorkor; 5 kwashiorkor) bestimmt und auf die Gesamtlipide des Plasmas und auf die verschiedenen Plasmalipidklassen bezogen. Wenn die reinen Plasmakonzentrationen als ein Index des Vitamin-E-Status genommen würden, so wären 5 Kinder mit Marasmus, 5 Kinder mit marantischem kwashiorkor und 2 Kinder mit kwashiorkor als defizitär (〈500 μg/dl) anzusehen. Werden jedoch Gesamttocopherol und alpha-Tocopherol auf die Gesamtlipide bezogen, so zeigten alle mangelernährten Kinder — bis auf eines — Werte, die innerhalb der Grenzen lagen, die für gesunde amerikanische Kinder gefunden wurden. Die Studie zeigt, daß niedrige Tocopherol-Lipid-Verhältnisse kein konstantes Merkmal bei schwer mangelernährten Kindern sind.
    Notes: Summary Total tocopherols and alpha-tocopherols were estimated in the plasma of children with severe malnutrition (14 marasmus; 11 marasmic kwashiorkor; five kwashiorkor) and related to the total plasma lipids and different plasma lipid classes. If the mere plasma concentrations were taken as an index of the vitamin E status, five children with marasmus, five children with marasmic kwashiorkor, and two children with kwashiorkor would have been regarded as deficient (〈500 μg/dl). However, if total tocopherols and alpha-tocopherols were related to the total plasma lipids, all malnourished children — except one — showed values within the limits found in healthy American children. The study shows that low tocopherol/lipid ratios are not a constant feature in severely malnourished children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019534
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat in German adults (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 31 (1992), S. 130-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: fattyacids ; subcutaneousfat ; nutrition ; trans fattyacids ; atherosclerosis ; Germany ; Fettsäuren ; subkutanes Fettgewebe ; Ernährung ; trans-Fettsäuren ; Atherosklerose ; Deutschland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Fettsäurenkomposition des subkutanen Fettgewebes (SCF) von 47 deutschen Erwachsenen analysiert. Es zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alter bzw. Geschlecht der Probanden und dem Fettsäurenstatus. Monoene bildeten den Hauptanteil der Fettsäuren (FA) im SCF. Linolsäure war die wichtigste mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäure. Linolsäuremetaboliten wurden nur in geringen Mengen gefunden. Im Vergleich zu den Ergebnissen von Studien in den USA und den Niederlanden ist die FA-Zusammensetzung des SCF bei deutschen Probanden durch geringere Anteile von Linolsäure und höhere Anteile von Palmitinsäure gekennzeichnet. Der Gehalt an trans-FA entspricht dem, der bei Frauen in den Niederlanden gefunden wurde, er ist jedoch deutlich niedriger als bei amerikanischen Männern. In der Beurteilung der Unterschiede in der Fettsäurenkomposition des SCF in verschiedenen Ländern sollte jedoch berücksichtigt werden, daß die Anteile der wichtigsten FA in allen untersuchten Populationen eine große interindividuelle Schwankungsbreite zeigten.
    Notes: Summary The fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat (SCF) was analyzed in 47 German adults. No influences of sex or age on the FA status of the probands could be detected. SCF consisted mainly of monoenoic fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid metabolites were found in small quantities only. In comparison to the results of studies in the USA and the Netherlands the FA composition of SCF in German probands was characterized by lower levels of linoleic acid and higher contents of palmitic acid. The trans-FA content was similar to that in Dutch women, but lower than in American male probands. However, in evaluating the differences in the FA composition of SCF in different countries, it has to be noted that there are wide ranges in the proportions of the major FA in all populations studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623071
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