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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Copy Number of the Nuclear rDNA and Beta-tubulin Genes of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis Using PCR Multicompetitors (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Multiple copies of a gene may lead to difficulty in the interpretation of typing results because polymorphism of the copies may wrongly lead to the conclusion that different types are present in a specimen. To determine the copy number per genome of the nuclear rDNA and beta-tubulin genes analyzed for the typing of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis, we developed a strategy based on the use of the same multicompetitor molecule in two different quantitative-competitive PCRs, one for the gene under study and the other for a reference single copy gene, allowing direct comparison of the results of both PCRs. Control experiments showed that the strategy was sensitive enough to detect duplication of a gene. The copy number of the nuclear rDNA operon was determined by amplification of the intron of the 26S rDNA gene and that of the beta-tubulin by amplification of the region surrounding the intron no. 6. The method was first tested on P. c. carinii, the special form commonly infecting rats. Pneumocystis c. carinii was found to contain a single copy of the rDNA operon. The method was then applied to P. c. hominis. The results confirmed that P. c. hominis genome contains a single copy of the nuclear rDNA and beta-tubulin genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00062.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a calibration trial to increase interexaminer reliability of radiographic diagnosis of approximal carious lesions (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 8 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighteen dentists working in the same School Dental Service participated in a calibration trial with the purpose of reducing interexaminer disagreement on radiographic diagnosis of approximal caries. The calibration program was in two stages: firstly, discussion in small groups and, secondly, the use of a reference standard. The effect of the training programs on interexaminer disagreement was limited, but a statistically significant decrease in the number of D-surfaces recorded per child was observed. The finding that the major part of the error variance was due to random error, rather than systematic error, may explain why the calibration program was unsuccessful at reducing error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01274.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inflammatory response and tissue damage (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 615-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Pyelonephritis ; Renal scars ; Renal inflammation ; Polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; Urinary tract infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Most clinical and experimental evidence suggests that renal scarring occurs following urinary tract infections in those patients with an abnormality of the urinary tract or kidney function. Experimentally, bacterial multiplication within the kidney occurs only in the presence of obstruction, leading rapidly to acute exudative pyelonephritis and invariably to kidney scars within weeks. Various manipulations of the bacterial load and/or of the inflammatory response during acute pyelonephritis have demonstrated that the inflammatory processes, not the bacterial component of pyelonephritis, are responsible for permanent renal tissue damage. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) infiltrating the kidney tissue during acute pyelonephritis appear to release metabolites that are toxic to the parenchyma. Indeed, both the prevention of PMNL influx into renal tissue, by means of colchicine or cyclophosphamide, and the inactivation of some of their toxic metabolites, by means of dapsone, have led to the prevention of tissue damage and kidney scars. However, the most potent protective activity was observed with early antibiotic treatment, which stopped bacterial multiplication and prevented the early influx of PMNLs, thus preventing tissue damage and scar formation. Similar observations have been made in children with acute pyelonephritic episodes, in whom early and aggressive antibiotic treatment prevented subsequent kidney scars, while delayed treatment did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00853599
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct 5-h Cobas-Bact® susceptibility testing of gram stain confirmed positive urine samples (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 101-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975982
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the 5-h Cobas-Bact® identification rotor for Enterobacteriaceae. A preliminary report (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 101-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical reaction of a haemocyanin antibody in the midgut gland ofNautilus (Cephalopoda, Tetrabranchiata) (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 549-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Haemocyanin synthesis ; Cephalopoda ; Nautilus ; midgut gland ; immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The branchial gland of the dibranchiate cephalopods is described as the site of haemocyanin synthesis. Because there is no equivalent to this organ in tetrabranchiate cephalopods the localization of haemocyanin synthesis remained unknown for a long time. In this study we could confirm the conclusions from prelimnary investigations concerning the copper content of the midgut gland ofNautilus, which gave the first indications for a possible localization of haemocyanin synthesis in this organ. We developed a polyclonal antibody againstNautilus haemocyanin, tested its specificity, and used it on ultra-thin sections of the tissue of the midgut gland. It could be shown that there is a clear imunogold precipitation only on the triangular basal cells in the terminal alveoli. All the other types of cell in this organ were free of any immunoreactivity. It can be supposed that the triangular basal cells in the terminal alveoli of the midgut gland are the sites of haemocyanin synthesis inNautilus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ablation of neural tissue by short-pulsed lasers — a technical report (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 346-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Tissue ablation ; laser/tissue interaction ; shortpulsed lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basis for most laser applications in neurosurgery is the conversion of laser light into heat when the incident laser beam is absorbed by the tissue. Irradiation of neural tissue with laser light therefore leads to its thermal damage. However, due to the diffusion of heat energy into the surrounding tissue, often there is thermal damage to neural tissue outside the area of the target volume. These are the characteristics of thermal laser/tissue interaction. In this paper we discuss how we used three different short-pulsed lasers to achieve non-thermal ablation of neural tissue. Three different short-pulsed lasers were used to generate ultrashort laser pulses in the picosecond to femtosecond range. The interaction of such laser pulses with tissue was predicted to be nonthermal. The short-pulsed lasers were used for the ablation of neural tissue using an in vitro calf brain model. The histopathological examination of the lesions revealed that the neural tissue had been removed very precisely without any sign of thermal damage to the surrounding tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411747
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a rapid latex agglutination test (Directigen®) for the direct detection of group A streptococci from throat swabs (1985)
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie haben wir die Zuverlässigkeit eines Schnelltests mittels Latexagglutination (Directigen®, Becton Dickinson) zum direkten Nachweis von β-hämolysierenden Streptokokken der Gruppe A (SGA) im Rachenabstrich mit der konventionellen Kulturmethode verglichen. Bei 229 zufällig ausgewählten Patienten wurde jeweils ein Rachenabstrich entnommen. Alle Rachenabstriche wurden zuerst auf eine Schafblutagarplatte ausgestrichen und mittels Latex-Schnellagglutination auf das Vorhandensein von Antigenen von SGA getestet. 46 (20%) der 229 getesteten Rachenabstriche enthielten in der Kultur SGA. Das Resultat der direkten Latexagglutination stimmte in 222 Fällen (97%) mit der Kultur überein. Die Sensitivität des Tests betrug 93% (43/46), die Spezifität 98% (179/183), die positive Voraussagekraft des Tests 91%, die negative 98%. Wir haben zudem den Nachweis von SGA-Antigenen mittels Koagglutination (Phadebact®, Pharmacia) durchgeführt. 81% (35/43) der Rachenabstriche, welche in der Kultur und im Directigen®-Test positiv waren für SGA-Antigene, waren dies auch im Koagglutinationstest. 100% (179/179) der Rachenabstriche, welche keine SGA-Antigene in der Kultur und mittels Directigen® aufgewiesen haben, waren mittels Koagglutinationstest ebenfalls negativ. Der Directigen®-Schnelltest mittels Latexagglutination zum direkten Nachweis von SGA in Rachenabstrichen ist in seiner Zuverlässigkeit mit der Kulturmethode vergleichbar. Dieser Schnelltest hat den Vorteil, daß das Ergebnis am selben Tag vorliegt.
    Notes: Summary A rapid group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) antigen detection test using latex agglutination (Directigen®, Becton Dickinson) was compared with a conventional culture method for the direct detection of GAS from throat swabs. One throat specimen was collected from each of 229 patients. After standard inoculation onto sheep blood agar plates, all swabs were tested for GAS antigen. Of the 229 specimens tested, 46 (20%) were GAS-positive by culture. Direct latex agglutination agreed with culture in 222 of them (97%). The sensitivity of the test was 93% (43/46), the specificity 98% (179/183), the positive predictive value 91%, and the negative predictive value 98%. The detection of GAS antigen by coagglutination (Phadebact®, Pharmacia) was also carried out. 81% (35/43) of the cultures and Directigen®-positive specimens gave a positive coagglutination for GAS. 100% (179/179) of the cultures and Directigen®-negative specimens were also negative by the coagglutination test. We conclude that the Directigen® rapid latex agglutination test for the direct detection of GAS from throat swabs compares favorably with culture and has the advantage of providing same-day results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642808
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seroprevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Switzerland (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A seroepidemiological study was carried out in Switzerland to define the population susceptible to rubella among women of childbearing age. IgG antibodies to rubella virus were determined in 9,046 women giving birth between 1 August 1990 and 30 September 1991 in 23 of 26 Swiss cantons. These sera represented 10–20 % of the yearly total number of births in each Swiss canton. Anti-rubella IgG was measured by an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for use with a commercial system (Vidas Rub IgG, bio-Mérieux, France). Before the study population was screened, the commercial system was compared to the traditional hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test using 500 consecutive samples from parturient women. The sensitivity was 97.7 %, the specificity was 100 %, and agreement between the two tests was 97.8 %. The discrepancies corresponded to very low titres of antibodies as measured by HAL The seroprevalence of rubella nationwide in women of childbearing age in Switzerland was 94.3 %. The seroprevalence was higher (96.5 %) in the 5,677 women of Swiss nationality than in the 3,090 women of a different nationality (90.4%) (p〈0.001). In Swiss women the seroprevalence of rubella did not increase significantly with age and was identical in primiparous and in multiparous women, thus indicating that women of childbearing age are probably not sufficiently immunised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690876
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the susceptibility of pathogenicCandida species to fluconazole (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 924-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A fluconazole 25 ug disk diffusion test was used to test 2230 consecutively isolatedCandida strains from 42 different hospital laboratories in 23 countries. Ninety seven percent of 1634Candida albicans isolates and 83.4% of 596 non-Candida albicans isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, applying the proposed breakpoints (≥26 mm for susceptible strains and 18–25 mm for dosedependent susceptible strains). This is the first hospital laboratory study to evaluate a large number and wide range of sequentialCandida isolates from patients with all types of hospital infections. The fluconazole disk diffusion test appears to be a low-cost, reproducible, and accurate means of assessing the in vitro susceptibility ofCandida isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700561
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