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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 970-975 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The semipermanent charge distribution at saturation in a germanium-doped silica planar waveguide is modeled for the case of seeding by a low-intensity fundamental wave and its second harmonic both propagating in the lowest order transverse magnetic mode. Based on the asymmetric photoionization model, the total current in the waveguide is taken to be the sum of the photoinduced current and the current due to the resulting static electric field caused by the charge separation. This current is used in the charge conservation equation to determine the charge distribution at saturation which is then used to compute the resulting static electric field inside and outside the waveguide. To compare with other models, the spatial profile of the resulting static electric field is compared to the direct current (dc) optical field due to a four-wave mixing process. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 993 (1989), S. 92-99 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: Bromotrichloromethane ; Carbon tetrachloride ; Halocarbon ; Hepatotoxicity ; Hepatotoxin ; NMR, ^3^1P-
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1051 (1990), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Anoxia ; Chronic ethanol ; Energy charge ; Metabolism ; NMR, ^3^1P-
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 108 Cowley Road , Oxford OX4 1JF , UK . : Blackwell Publishing
    Risk analysis 22 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Linear, no-threshold relationships are typically reported for time series studies of air pollution and mortality. Since regulatory standards and economic valuations typically assume some threshold level, we evaluated the fundamental question of the impact of exposure misclassification on the persistence of underlying personal-level thresholds when personal data are aggregated to the population level in the assessment of exposure-response relationships. As an example, we measured personal exposures to two particle metrics, PM2.5 and sulfate (SO42−), for a sample of lung disease patients and compared these with exposures estimated from ambient measurements. Previous work has shown that ambient:personal correlations for PM2.5 are much lower than for SO42−, suggesting that ambient PM2.5 measurements misclassify exposures to PM2.5. We then developed a method by which the measured:estimated exposure relationships for these patients were used to simulate personal exposures for a larger population and then to estimate individual-level mortality risks under different threshold assumptions. These individual risks were combined to obtain the population risk of death, thereby exhibiting the prominence (and the value) of the threshold in the relationship between risk and estimated exposure. Our results indicated that for poorly classified exposures (PM2.5 in this example) population-level thresholds were apparent at lower ambient concentrations than specified common personal thresholds, while for well-classified exposures (e.g., SO42−), the apparent thresholds were similar to these underlying personal thresholds. These results demonstrate that surrogate metrics that are not highly correlated with personal exposures obscure the presence of thresholds in epidemiological studies of larger populations, while exposure indicators that are highly correlated with personal exposures can accurately reflect underlying personal thresholds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 14 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 14 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is a demersal teleostean fish inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean from northern Venezuela to southern Argentina. In terms of biomass, the whitemouth croaker is the dominant sciaenid in the Río de la Plata and constitutes an important renewable resource for the Uruguayan and Argentinean fisheries. In the present study, analyzed were the gametogenesis and histological gonadal cycle in female and male whitemouth croakers collected at the Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata, between March 1997 and February 1998. In addition, the experimental conditions required to obtain mature viable gametes and achieve in vitro fertilization in this species were investigated. These studies indicate that the whitemouth croaker inhabiting the Río de la Plata is a multiple spawner, which reproduces on the Uruguayan coast between October and February. In vitro studies showed that following activation, sperm remain motile for up to 40 min, and under optimal dilution conditions that they retain a high fertilization capability for 15 min. Taken together these results could support future aquaculture research and exploitation of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 3 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Reactive indoor chemistry has seldom been considered in investigations of the health effects of exposure to indoor contaminants although improved understanding may help to reduce exposure misclassification as well as identify previously unknown exposures. Nitrous acid (HONO), formed from the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with water on indoor surfaces, may be a neglected and important confounder in studies of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) health effects. The understanding of HONO – NO2 relationships is important since conventional measurements of NO2 actually measure a number of nitrogen oxides including HONO. Accordingly, we examined the effects of relative humidity, chamber residence time, the presence of carpeted sufaces and the presence of human subjects on the production of HONO following the injection of NO2 into a chamber. Increasing chamber relative humidity led to greater HONO concentrations at a given NO2 level. At 80% relative humidity, HONO concentrations were 11% of the NO2 concentration. Increased residence time in the chamber increased HONO levels, with a five-fold increase in HONO levels between 20 minute and 120 minute residence times. The presence of wool carpets in the chamber was not found to affect significantly the HONO production rates, although NO2 decay rates were increased. When human subjects were present in the chamber, HONO concentrations decreased by as much as 50% of the levels present under similar conditions with no subjects in the chamber. In light of our results we argue that future investigations of NO2 health effects and indoor air quality must recognize the importance of indoor chemistry, and in particular, the likelihood of elevated concentrations of HONO which will interfere with NO2 measurements and potentially confound the investigation of concentration-effect relationships. Similarly, previous studies demonstrating a relationship between health endpoints and NO2 exposure should be viewed with caution until the presence and importance of other potentially toxic nitrogenous compounds in the exposure environment are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Thyroid ; Recurrent laryngeal nerve ; Paralysis ; Intraoperative monitoring system. ; Schlüsselwörter: Schilddrüse ; Nervus laryngeus recurrens ; Parese ; intraoperatives Monitoring.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Ein neuartiges „all in one“ Monitoringsystem für den N. laryngeus recurrens (NLR) erlaubt sowohl eine kontinuierliche, atraumatische Überwachung des NLR als auch eine in situ Detektion des Nerven. Patienten und Methode: Das System basiert auf einem Doppelballontubus mit integrierten Oberflächenelektroden zur transtrachealen Stimulation und Ableitung des Erfolgsorgans. Fakultativ kann über eine elektrische Stimulationsnadel der NLR im OP-Feld identifiziert werden. Die Signalverarbeitungs-Software stellt eine Neuentwicklung unserer Arbeitsgruppe dar und führt eine Echtzeit-Signalanalyse mit akustischer Rückkoppelung durch. 55 Patienten wurden in die klinische Zulassungsstudie eingebracht, 35 Primäreingriffe, 20 Sekundäreingriffe, davon 10 Halsausräumungen. Ergebnisse: Die Plazierung des EMG-Tubus ist mit der Routineintubation abgeschlossen und erfordert keinen zusätzlichen Zeitbedarf. Das System ist außerhalb des OP Feldes lokalisiert und beeinträchtigt daher nicht den OP Ablauf. Die akustische Rückkoppelung wurde von allen 8 Operateuren als hilfreich und nicht störend beurteilt. Die phoniatrische und HNO-ärztliche Analyse erbrachte keine permanenten Beeinträchtigungen. Schlußfolgerung: Das neue kontinuierliche Monitoringsystem ermöglicht erstmals eine atraumatische nebenwirkungsfreie Dauerüberwachung des NLR. Es ist einfach anzuwenden, arbeitet außerhalb des OP-Gebiets und ist so sensitiv, daß auch reversible Irritationen erkannt werden können.
    Notes: Abstract. A new „all in one“ sensing device was developed for continuous transtracheal intraoperative monitoring and in situ detection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery. Patients and methods: The new system is based on a double-balloon endotracheal tube with integrated atraumatic stimulating and tracing electrodes. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated transtracheally and compound action potentials are recorded from the laryngeal muscles. Fifty-five patients were introduced into a phase-one clinical trial. Thirty-five patients with primary thyroid operations, 20 patients with reoperations, 10 of whom had neck dissections. All patients were evaluated laryngoscopically and phoniatrically by an ENT specialist before and after surgery. Results: Compound muscle action potentials were recorded continuously during the whole operation and responded sensitively to tension and pressure to the nerve. There were no accidental permanent RLN palsies. Conclusion: The new system offers five advantages: (1) it is atraumatic; (2) it is easy to use; (3) it can monitor continuously with an audio feedback to the surgeon; (4) it works outside the operation field; and (5) it is highly sensitive, even indicating reversible irritation to the nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 533 (1978), S. 186-194 
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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