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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 85 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A double blind crossover study was planned in order to compare the effects of oestrogen, progestogen and placebo on hot flushes. The 49 women studied had previously undergone hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. The drug regimen consisted of three months each of ethinyl oestradiol 50 μg/day, d norgestrel 250 μg/day, a combination of these two substances (‘ordiol’) and a placebo. The predominant reason for requesting a change of medication was intolerable hot flushes associated with placebo use. All hormonal preparations were found to be significantly more effective than placebo in reducing hot flush frequency and intensity. Oestrogen containing medications were more effective than the progestogen (norgestrel).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 4 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of tricyclic antidepressants were studied on the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart simultaneously recording myocardial contractile force and cardiac electrogram.2. Tricyclic antidepressants in a concentration 4 × 10−-5 mol/1 decreased cardiac contractile force and increased cardiac conduction time.3. Doxepin had significantly greater negative inotropic effect than nortriptyline, protriptyline, desipramine, amitriptyline and imipramine (P 〈 0.01).4. There was no significant difference in the increase in P-R interval (P〉0.5) and QRS width (P 〉 0.95) between the tricyclic antidepressants.5. The isolated perfused guinea-pig heart can be used as a toxicological model for testing and treating cardiac arrhythmias induced by tricyclic antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 517-520 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: mianserin ; blood ; plasma ; oral kinetic parameters ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of mianserin have been evaluated in eight healthy male volunteers following a single oral dose of 60 mg. Plasma and blood concentrations of mianserin were measured by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. The peak blood concentration observed was 65 µg/l at 3 h following the dose. Mean kinetic parameters (and range) calculated from the blood concentrations were: (t1/2)abs 1.1 h (0.3–2.8), (t1/2)α 2.5 h (0.9–4.7), (t1/2)β 21 h (14–33), (Vd)β 27.5 l/kg (16.8–46.5) and Cloral 0.98 l/kg/h (0.47–1.75). Blood/plasma concentration ratios ranged from 0.50–0.74.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: maprotiline ; intravenous kinetics ; comparative bioavailability ; blood ; plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of maprotiline have been evaluated in six normal volunteers following rapid intravenous administration of 75 mg. Blood levels could be resolved using a biexponential equation. Mean estimates of half-life, volume of distribution and systemic clearance were 40±15 h, 51.7± 18.01 l/kg and 0.92±0.24 l/kg/h, respectively. Blood/plasma concentrations varied between subjects from 0.77 to 1.64. A comparison of the bioavailability of two oral doses (a 75 mg tablet and three 25 mg tablets) was carried out in the same volunteers. No significant difference was observed between the maprotiline concentrations obtained for the two doses at sampling times up to 26 h. No significant difference was found in the area under the concentration vs. time curves for the two doses. Equivalent bioavailability can be assumed. On the basis of the intravenous injection study, systemic bioavailability averaged 66% and 70% for the 75 mg and three 25 mg tablets respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: benzodiazepines ; clorazepate ; dipotassium clorazepate ; N-desmethyldiazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; smoking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of N-desmethyl-diazepam was evaluated after oral administration of clorazepate 20 mg to 12 healthy male volunteers (6 smokers; 6 non-smokers), aged 23–29 years. Plasma levels of desmethyldiazepam were measured by gas liquid chromatography. The half life of elimination (t1/2β) was significantly longer in the non-smoking volunteers than in the smokers: 54.7±17.7 versus 29.8±9.9 h (p〈0.05). Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were higher in non-smokers than in smokers, 413±106 µg/l and 245±50 µg/l, respectively (p〈0.05). The sedative effect of clorazepate was less severe in smokers than in non-smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Desmethylimipramine ; Doxepin ; Imipramine ; Nortriptyline ; Protriptyline ; Intoxication ; Guinea pig ; ECG ; Propranolol ; Sodium bicarbonate ; Amitriptylin ; Desmethylimipramin ; Doxepin ; Imipramin ; Nortriptylin ; Protriptylin ; Vergiftung ; Meerschweinchen ; EKG ; Propranolol ; Natriumbicarbonat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden die Wirkungen intravenöser Infusionen (1.0 mg/kg/min bis zum Erreichen der tödlichen Dosis) von Amitriptylin, Doxepin, Imipramin und Nortriptylin auf die Herzfrequenz und das EKG betäubter Meerschweinchen. Außerdem wurden an isolierten Meerschweinchen-Vorhöfen in vitro die chronotropen und inotropen Effekte dieser Substanzen sowie von Desmethylimipramin und Protriptylin bei einer Konzentration von 10−5 M geprüft. Schließlich interessierte auch der Einfluß von Natriumbicarbonat (3 mÄq/kg i.v.) und Propranolol (0,01–0,2 mg/kg i.v.) auf die durch Amitriptylin und Doxepin ausgelösten EKG-Veränderungen. Die cardialen Effekte der Antidepressiva zeigen am in vivo und in vitro- Modell Unterschiede. Die mit Doxepin infundierten Meerschweinchen wiesen eine signifikant längere Überlebenszeit auf als die mit Amitriptylin, Imipramin und Nortriptylin behandelten. Hinsichtlich des Eintritts der Verbreiterung des QRS-Komplexes, sowie der Verlängerung der PR- und QT-Intervalle zeigten die einzelnen tricyclischen Antidepressiva keine Unterschiede. Am spontanschlagenden Vorhofpräparat hatte Doxepin die stärkste cardiodepressive Wirkung. Natriumbicarbonat hatte keine Wirkung auf die durch die Antidepressiva ausgelösten Arrythmien, während Propranolol — abgesehen von der Bradycardie-Auslösung — keine günstige Wirkung auf das EKG besaß. Das Meerschweinchen stellt ein gutes Modell zum Studium der Arrythmie erzeugenden Wirkungen von tricyclischen Antidepressiva dar.
    Notes: Summary The effects on the heart rate and ECG of anaesthetised guinea-pigs of amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine and nortriptyline infused at 1.0 mg/kg/min until death were observed. In addition an in vitro study on guinea-pig atria was performed on the chronotropic and inotropic effects of these drugs and of desmethylimipramine and protriptyline at a concentration of 10−5 M. The effect of sodium bicarbonate (3 mEq/kg i.v.) and propranolol (0.01–0.2 mg/kg i.v.) on amitriptyline and doxepin induced ECG changes was also assessed. A difference in the cardiac effects of the in vivo and in vitro model was observed. Guinea-pigs infused with doxepin survived significantly longer than those infused with amitriptyline, imipramine or nortriptyline. No statistically significant difference was found between the tricyclic drugs with respect to onset of widening of the QRS complex, increased PR and QT intervals. In the spontaneously beating atrial preparation doxepin was the most potent cardio-depressant. Sodium bicarbonate had no effect on arrhythmias induced by tricyclics, while propranolol, apart from the bradycardia induced, was without beneficial effect on the ECG. The guinea-pig provides a good model for studying the arrhythmogenic actions of tricyclic antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    London, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    British journal of psychology. 74 (1983) 473 
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 50 (1976), S. 177-179 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Oxprenolol ; Diazepam ; Psychic and somatic ; anxiety symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-two patients with moderately severe anxiety symptoms were treated in a double blind 3-week trial with either oxprenolol, diazepam or placebo. The hamilton Anxiety Scale and a Target symptom improvement score were the main measures of change used. All treatment groups significantly improved in the three weeks of the trial. However in the third week of treatment improvement was greater in the diazepam and oxprenolol grous. Observer preferences significantly favoured the diazepam group. The implications of the study were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; D1-dopamine antagonists ; SCH 39166 ; Antipsychotic ; Negative symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present open study the effects of the D1-dopamine antagonist SCH 39166 on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (DSM-IIIR) were investigated. SCH 39166 was given orally according to a fixed dosage schedule (day 1: 25 mg b.i.d; day 4: 50 mg b.i.d.; day 7: 100 mg b.i.d; day 18: 200 mg b.i.d.; day 21: 225 mg b.i.d.). Seven patients completed 2 weeks, and five patients completed the study. The reason for premature withdrawal was lack of efficacy or refusal to take SCH 39166. In none of the patients a reduction of the BPRS or CGI score was found. As measured with the PANSS, a significant reduction was observed in the score of the negative subscale, whereas the positive symptoms scale and general psychopathology score remained unaffected. Akathisia, rigidity and hypokinesia were reported occasionally, although only mild in severity. The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that D1-dopamine antagonists are clinically effective antipsychotics in schizophrenia, considering the fact that SCH 39166 had no effect on positive symptoms. The present study provides circumstantial evidence for an effect of SCH 39166 on negative symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Melatonin, gender, suppression, light, dose-response, sensitivity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. It is well known that light is an inhibitor of pineal melatonin secretion in humans. However, the effect of gender on the melatonin suppression by dim and bright light is still controversial. The present study investigated the effect of gender on the suppression of melatonin at five light intensities (0, 200, 500, 1,000, 3,000 lux). Five healthy men and women attended five testing sessions separated by one week. At each session, subjects were exposed to light from midnight to 0100 hours in a sitting position. Blood samples where collected at regular intervals and plasma melatonin concentration was measured using a specific radioimmunoassay. No gender differences were found in melatonin suppression by light at any of the five light intensities (p 〉 0.1). Furthermore, the mean melatonin suppression by light in both males and females was dose dependent (17%[200 lux], 40%[500 lux], 56%[1,000 lux] and 74%[3,000 lux]). Our findings suggest that melatonin suppression by light in intensity dependent, with no gender differences in light sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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