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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine by osmotic minipumps fails to induce persistent functional changes in central 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, as measured by in vivo microdialysis in dorsal hippocampus of conscious rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 358-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Microdialysis ; Dorsal hippocampus 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors ; Chronic treatment Fluvoxamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the alterations of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptor function following chronic treatment with fluvoxamine using osmotic minipumps. The 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptor function were studied using microdialysis in the dorsal hippocampus. The effect of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg, SC) and the 5-HT1B receptor agonist RU-24969 (100 nM through the dialysis probe for 30 min) on 5-HT release was compared with rats chronically treated with saline. 8-OH-DPAT decreased 5-HT release to 55% and 60% of baseline, while RU-24969 decreased 5-HT release to 66% and 70% of baseline value in the saline and fluvoxamine group, respectively. In both cases, differences between the saline and fluvoxamine groups were not statistically significant. Plasma levels of fluvoxamine after 21 days of treatment ranged from 3 to 5 ng/ml. Fluvoxamine concentration in rat brain during treatment was estimated between 100 and 200 nM, which approximates to the IC50 value of fluvoxamine on the 5-HT transporter in synaptosomes and is 50 times higher than the Kd value for the 5-HT reuptake site. In conclusion, no evidence was found for changes in 5-HT1A,B receptor function using 8-OH-DPAT and RU-24969 as probes after continuous treatment with fluvoxamine by means of osmotic minipumps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentagastrin has panic-inducing properties in obsessive compulsive disorder (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: CCK-B receptor ; Pentagastrin ; Obsessive compulsive disorder ; Panic attacks ; Plasma MHPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the CCKB-receptor agonist pentagastrin, a synthetic analogue of the cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4), were studied in seven patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and seven healthy controls. All subjects were challenged with an IV dose of 0.6 µg/kg pentagastrin or placebo under double blind placebo controlled conditions, on two separate occasions, with a minimum interval of 1 week. Six (86%) out of seven OCD patients experienced a panic-like reaction after pentagastrin administration, against only two (29%) in the control group. These differences failed to reach statistical significance, probably due to the small sample size. No increases were observed in obsessions or compulsive behaviors as assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Challenge Scale, neither in the pentagastrin, nor in the placebo condition. These findings suggest that pentagastrin has panic-inducing properties in OCD patients, without affecting the core symptoms. The panic-inducing properties of pentagastrin are not specific for panic disorder patients, which might be indicative of a common neurobiological dysfunction in panic disorder and OCD at the level of CCK-B receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247385
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double blind comparative study of remoxipride and haloperidol in acute schizophrenic patients (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 76-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Atypical neuroleptics ; Remoxipride ; Haloperidol ; Schizophrenia ; Homovanillic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present 6-week double-blind, randomised, multicentre study, the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride was compared to haloperidol in acute schizophrenic patients (DSM-III). Seventy-one patients entered the study, 36 in the remoxipride group and 35 in the haloperidol group. There were ten early withdrawals, four in the remoxipride group and six patients in the haloperidol group. The Present State Examination (PSE) profile revealed a similar reduction in the symptom clusters of psychosis in both treatment groups. Forty-seven per cent of the patients in the remoxipride group and 34% of the patients in the haloperidol group showed clinically relevant improvement (reduction of BPRS total score ≥ 50%). All extrapyramidal symptoms except “glabella tap” occurred significantly less frequently in the remoxipride group as compared to the haloperidol group. Substantially lower incidences of EPS were found by active questioning in the remoxipride group compared to the haloperidol group. In addition, considerably lower incidences were observed in the remoxipride group with respect to drowsiness/somnolence, tiredness/fatigue and concentrating difficulty. At the end of treatment 66% of the patients in the haloperidol group and 22% in the remoxipride group were using anticholinergics. No consistent changes were found in the mean plasma HVA level in either treatment group. In responders (reduction of BPRS total score ≥ 50%) lower baseline HVA levels were observed in both treatment groups. This study indicates that the newly developed neuroleptic remoxipride is an effective antipsychotic compound, which is clinically safe and well tolerated. In particular, few EPS were induced by remoxipride, as compared to haloperidol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245748
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin function in panic disorder: a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine and ritanserin (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Panic disorder ; 5-HT2 receptors ; Fluvoxamine ; Ritanserin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate serotonin (5-HT) function in panic disorder, a double blind placebo controlled study was conducted with ritanserin, a specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and fluvoxamine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in 60 patients with panic disorder. Patients were treated for 8 weeks with 150 mg fluvoxamine, 20 mg ritanserin or placebo; these dose levels were reached after 1 week. In addition, as an index of 5-HT function in panic disorder, plasma concentration of β-endorphin, cortisol and 5-hydroxyindolacetic-acid (5-HIAA) were measured. Furthermore, 5-HT uptake in blood platelets was assessed. Noradrenergic function was assessed by measuring plasma MHPG concentration. In addition, plasma melatonin concentration was measured. Treatment with fluvoxamine resulted in a profound reduction in the number of panic attacks, followed by a decrease in avoidance behavior. Treatment with ritanserin appeared to be ineffective. During treatment no significant changes were observed in plasma concentrations of β-endorphin, cortisol, 5-HIAA and MHPG. With respect to 5-HT kinetics in blood platelets, a substantial increase in Km was observed after treatment with fluvoxamine, whereas Vmax decreased. After treatment with fluvoxamine, plasma concentration of melatonin was significantly increased, which suggests that melatonin synthesis is in part under serotonergic control. The findings of the present study do not support the hypothesis that 5-HT2 receptors are supersensitive in patients suffering from panic disorder, but allow no conclusions about the involvement of other 5-HT receptor subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245749
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of the D1-DA receptor antagonist SCH39166 on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 121 (1995), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; D1-dopamine antagonists ; SCH 39166 ; Antipsychotic ; Negative symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present open study the effects of the D1-dopamine antagonist SCH 39166 on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (DSM-IIIR) were investigated. SCH 39166 was given orally according to a fixed dosage schedule (day 1: 25 mg b.i.d; day 4: 50 mg b.i.d.; day 7: 100 mg b.i.d; day 18: 200 mg b.i.d.; day 21: 225 mg b.i.d.). Seven patients completed 2 weeks, and five patients completed the study. The reason for premature withdrawal was lack of efficacy or refusal to take SCH 39166. In none of the patients a reduction of the BPRS or CGI score was found. As measured with the PANSS, a significant reduction was observed in the score of the negative subscale, whereas the positive symptoms scale and general psychopathology score remained unaffected. Akathisia, rigidity and hypokinesia were reported occasionally, although only mild in severity. The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that D1-dopamine antagonists are clinically effective antipsychotics in schizophrenia, considering the fact that SCH 39166 had no effect on positive symptoms. The present study provides circumstantial evidence for an effect of SCH 39166 on negative symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246069
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sumatriptan (5-HT1D receptor agonist) does not exacerbate symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 140 (1998), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Obsessive compulsive disorder ; Sumatriptan ; 5-HTID receptor agonist ; Symptom provocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The non-selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) has been reported to elicit symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). MK-212, another non-selective 5-HT receptor agonist, does not seem to induce obsessive compulsive symptoms in OCD patients. The major pharmacological difference between mCPP and MK-212 is their affinity for the 5-HTID receptor. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the 5-HTID receptor in the pathophysiology of OCD, by using a challenge paradigm with the selective 5-HTID receptor agonist sumatriptan (Imigran®). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over challenge with sumatriptan (100 mg PO) was performed in 15 OCD patients. Neither the obsessive compulsive symptoms nor mood or anxiety symptoms changed significantly following sumatriptan administration as compared to placebo. Sumatriptan did induce a significant increase in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. In the present study, no indication were found for the role of the 5-HTID receptor in the pathophysiology of OCD. It should be noted, however, that sumatriptan does not readily pass the blood-brain barrier. Selective 5-HTID receptors with better brain penetrating properties may shed more light on the role of this 5-HT receptor subtype in OCD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050777
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of haloperidol on the EEG spectrum (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 74 (1981), S. 33-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Haloperidol ; EEG spectrum ; Drug classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A placebo-controlled study with six normal volunteers was carried out using 1 mg haloperidol IM. In some EEG frequency bands, the power density due to haloperidol appeared to increase or decrease depending on the subject. Nevertheless, if the results of the six subjects are taken together, the effects of haloperidol are in agreement with the literature. No correlation was found between plasma concentration of haloperidol and EEG response. Some methodological problems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431753
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Chromatographic methods for monitoring quaternary ammonium compounds in biological fluids (1980)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 2 (1980), S. 833-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three novel Chromatographic methods for the determination of quaternary ammonium compounds with biomedical applications are presented and their sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and applicability for different groups of the compounds are compared. The first one is a gas Chromatographie method for those compounds with three identical short-chain alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom and describes a reproducible dealkylation in the injection port of the gas Chromatograph to their respective tertiary amines. An alkali-flame ionisation detector is used as a sensitive and selective detector. The second one is a method for quaternary ammonium compounds with an ester function and is based on hydrolysis and derivatisation of the resulting acids with pentafluorobenzyl bromide, followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The third method is based on ion-pair adsorption high performance liquid chromatography by adding an inorganic counter-ion to the mobile phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02273191
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