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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of alkyl oleates following foliar application in relation to their influence on the penetration of phenmedipham and quizalofop-P-ethyl (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The foliar penetration of four alkyl oleates (methyl to butyl) and their influence on the penetration of phenmedipham and quizalofop-P-ethyl was studied in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cleavers (Galium aparine L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Loss of alkyl oleates from glass and plant surfaces was inversely related to the length of the alkyl chains and was assumed to be due to volatilization. All four alkyl oleates after application alone, readily penetrated into pea and barley leaves but much less into G. aparine. Penetration of methyl oleate appeared to be faster than that of butyl oleate. Both alkyl oleates were completely metabolized in barley and pea in 27 h, but not in G. aparine. The penetration of herbicides was from 2% to 10% in the absence of alkyl oleates. The penetration of phenmedipham was increased in the presence of all four aikyl oleates: to the greatest extent into pea (55-80% after 27 h), to the lowest into G. aparine (20-45%). In all three species, the effect of butyl oleate was higher than that of methyl oleate. The penetration of quizalofop-P-ethyl was increased to 10%, 30-35% and 50% on G. aparine, pea and barley respectively. The length of the alkyl chains did not influence the effects of the alkyl oleates on the foliar penetration of quizalofop-P-ethyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-41.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of chlortoluron in tolerant species: possible role of cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pathways of chlortoluron metabolism were compared in excised leaves of four tolerant species, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum var Clement), Bromus sterilis, Galium aparine and Veronica persica. The herbicide was principally detoxified by hydroxylation of the ring methyl in wheat and by N-dealkylation in Veronica persica. Both pathways were involved in Bromus sterilis and Galium aparine. Kinetic study of the degradation showed that capacity to form non-toxic conjugates could, at least partially, explain the tolerance of these species to chlortoluron. In plants treated with 1-aminobenzotriazole, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme inactivator, N-dealkylation of chlortoluron was little or not affected, but ring methyl hydroxylation was strongly inhibited. This suggests that at least two distinct enzymatic systems could participate in this metabolism. Moreover, cytochrome P-450 enzymes could be involved in the ring methyl hydroxylating reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1988.tb00781.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of the herbicide EL-107 in wheat and rape grown under controlled conditions (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 27 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The behaviour of 14C-EL-107 has been evaluated in winter wheat and rape, which are tolerant and susceptible, respectively, under field conditions. After 10- to 13-days’growth under controlled conditions, seedlings were allowed to absorb the herbicide through the roots. Two experiments were conducted to study the absorption and the metabolism of EL-107. Absorption was estimated during a 5-day treatment at the rate of 1–47 μM, and metabolism was studied after a 1-day treatment at 14.7 μM. The results showed that (i) rape plants absorbed more herbicide than wheat, and translocated less radioactivity into their shoots, and (ii) the metabolism of EL-107 proceeded actively only in the shoots, where EL-107 disappeared at similar rates in the two species, giving rise to the same metabolites. In conclusion, the respective degrees of susceptibility of the two species could be partly related to differences in the concentration of the herbicide in the roots, where it can exert its phytotoxic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1987.tb00746.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological evidence for a 1:1 Ca2+:glyphosate association in deposit residuals on the leaf surface of barley (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It has long been known that calcium ion antagonizes glyphosate, but it was not clear whether the stoichiometry of their interaction is 1:1 or 1:2. Two independent methods were used to determine which stoichiometry was the most probable. First, dose–response curves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants treated with glyphosate were determined in the presence of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM CaCl2. The doses of ‘free’ glyphosate (=not inactivated by calcium ion) were computed using the assumptions of 1:1 and 1:2 stoechiometries. The response curves were redrawn as a function of ‘free’ glyphosate. Analysis showed that the 1:2 hypothesis could be rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was highly probable. Second, kinetics of glyphosate penetration into barley leaves were determined in the presence of 0, 2.5 and 10 mM CaCl2. The concentrations of ‘free’ glyphosate were computed as above. The kinetics of glyphosate penetration at these concentrations were established and were compared to the kinetics of glyphosate penetration in the presence of CaCl2. Again, the 1:2 hypothesis was rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was more probable. These results strongly suggest that the stoichiometry of the Ca2+:glyphosate association is 1:1 in deposit residuals on the leaf surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00248.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mixed function oxidase inhibitors on the toxicity of chlortoluron and isoproturon to wheat (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth responses of wheat plants to combined treatments of four mixed function oxidase (MFO) inhibitors and chlortoluron were determined. Analysis of interactions showed that piperonyl-butoxide and especially ABT (1-aminobenzotriazole) increased the toxicity of chlortoluron. Metyrapone and 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropyne were phytotoxic and did not exert any clear interaction. ABT also increased the toxicity of isoproturon to wheat.Our results suggest that ABT Strongly inhibits the breakdown of chlortoluron and isoproturon in wheat. Since ABT is known to act as a suicide substrate for plant cytochrome P-450, wheat enzymes involved in the metabolism of these two herbicides are likely to belong to this class. It thus appears that compounds designed to inhibit plant cytochrome P-450 enzymes may interact with herbicide metabolism and are potential synergists of herbicide activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1985.tb00661.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in flowering plants
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 17 (1978), S. 1927-1928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Dicotyledoneae ; Monocotyledoneae ; amine derivatives ; flower buds localization. ; hydroxycinnamic acid amides ; identification
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)88735-X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal and plant cytochrome P-450 systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 69 (1987), S. 743-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: biotransformation ; biotransformation ; bird ; cytochrome P-450 ; cytochrome P-450 ; fish ; insect ; insecte ; oiseau ; plant ; plante ; poisson
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0300-9084(87)90195-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the cytochrome P-450 inactivator 1-aminobenzotriazole on the metabolism of chlortoluron andisoproturon in wheat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 28 (1987), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(87)90133-7
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytotoxicity and metabolism of chlortoluron in two wheat varieties
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1985), S. 212-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(85)90008-2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of various agrochemicals with cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases of wheat cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 40 (1991), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(91)90044-M
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