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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 28 (1987), S. 371-380 
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 31 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Retention by a glass fibre filter of the liquid phase of a clay loam soil treated with 14C-diuron provides a novel method for analysis of the herbicide in soil solution. At 26.3% (w/w) soil moisture content, less than 10% of the applied diuron was found in solution, and this percentage decreased slightly with diuron dose. The herbicide was rapidly adsorbed on soil during the first day, but adsorption continued and the concentration of diuron in solution could be further reduced by 36–50% during the following 6 days. Drying the soil after treatment, with possible crystallization of herbicide applied at high doses, tended to fix the solution concentrations. Ethanol (3% v/v) in soil water favoured herbicide dissolution. Increasing soil moisture to 36.3% (w/w) slightly decreased the concentration of the herbicide in solution, but increased the percentage held in solution. Frost and a drying-rewetting cycle had little or no subsequent effect on diuron concentration in soil solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 15 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: La terbutryne est très adsorbée par les acides humiques tandis que l'atrazine l'est peu, cn milieu acide seulement. L'influence du pH sur l'adsorption et l'effet compétitif des cations Ca2+, Al3+ et Fe3+ montrent que la forme protonée des molécules des deux herbicides peut être adsorbée selon un mécanisme du type échange d'ions; la forme neutre des molécules de terbutryne pourrail être adsorbée selon d'autres mécanismes. La désorption de la terbutryne s'accompagne d'un phénomène d'hystéqerésis plus marqué dans le cas des molécules neutres et, en milieu acide, le calcium manifcste un faible pouvoir de déplacement vis-à-vis de l'herbicide adsorbé.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 34 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Changes in the concentrations of [14C]carbonyl-isoproturon and its degradation products in a clay-loam soil and in soil solution during incubation at 11°C and 18°C for 6 weeks, were measured following solvent extraction and soil solution sampling with glass microfibre filters. During herbicide degradation, 14CO2 was released (up to 20%) and unextractable radioactivity increased (up to 30%). Monomethyl isoproturon was the main metabolite in soil followed by metabolite X5 (possibly hydroxy di-des-methyl isoproturon). Isoproturon and monomethyl isoproturon were mainly adsorbed by soil whereas metabolite X5 was found mainly in the soil solution. Isoproturon concentrations declined in both soil and soil solution, but the percentage of the residual herbicide dissolved in the soil solution decreased from 26 to 15%. At low temperature, herbicide degradation occurred more slowly, and the degradation products were generally less abundant. However metabolite X5 was present at unexpectedly high levels, particularly in the soil solution. Evolution de l'isoproturon et de ses produits dégradation dans le sol et la solution du sol pendant l'incubation de Vherbicide a deux temperatures.L'évolution de l'isoproturon (marqué au 14C sur le carbonyle) et de ses produits de dégradation dans un sol argilo-limoneux et dans la solution du sol est suivie pendant 6 sêmaines d'incubation de l'herbicide à 11 et 18°C. Pour ce faire, la solution du sol est échantillonnée au moyen de filtres en fibres de verre et les composés sont extraits du sol par des solvants. Au cours de la dégradation, du 14CO2 est libéré (jusqu'à 20%) et la radioactivité non extraite s'accroit (jusqu'à 30%). L'isoproturon monométhyle est le principal métabolite dans le sol suivi du metabolite X5 (probablement le dérivé hydroxy didéméthylé). L'isoproturon et son dérivé monométhyle sont surtout adsorbés par le sol alors que le métabolite X5 est surtout en solution. La quantite d'iso-proturon diminue simultanemént dans le sol et la solution du sol mais la fraction dissoute de l'herbicide residuel décroit de 26 à 15%. A basse température, la dégradation de l'herbicide est plus lente et les produits de dégradation sont généralement moins abondants à l'exception notable du métabolite X5 qui est présent a un niveau élevé, en particulier dans la solution du sol. Veränderung der Konzentration von Isoproturon und seiner Abbauprodukte im Boden und in der Bodenlösung bei Inkubation Veränderung der Konzentration von [14C]-Car-bonyl-Isoproturon und seiner Abbauprodukte in einem Lehmboden und in der Bodenlösung wurden nach 6 Wochen Inkubation bei 11 und 18°C und Extraktion bzw. Probennahme durch Glasmikrofaserfilter gemessen. Während des Herbizidabbaus wurden bis zu 20 % der Radioaktivität als 14CO2 freigesetzt, und die nichtextrahierbare Radioaktivität nahm zu (bis zu 30 %). Monomethyl-Isoproturon war der Hauptmetabolit, gefolgt vom Metabolit X5 (möglicherweise Hydroxy-didesmethyl-Isoproturon). Isoproturon und Monomethyl-Isoproturon waren weitgehend an Bodenpartikeln adsorbiert, während der Metabolit X5 vorwiegend in der Bodenlösung gefunden wurde. Die Isoproturon-Konzentrationen nahmen sowohl im Boden als auch in der Bodenlösung ab, aber der Anteil des Herbizidrückstands in der Bodenlösung ging von 26 auf 15 % zurück. Bei der niedrigen Temperatur wurde das Herbizid langsamer abgebaut, und die Menge der Abbauprodukte war allgemein geringer. Der Metabolit X5 lag jedoch in unerwartet hoher Menge vor, besonders in der Bodenlösung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 31 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The foliar surface of 4-leaf maize plants was found to be poorly wettable and retained 106 μl g−1 dry matter when sprayed with a U46D (2,4-D formulation) blank. The third leaf retained 141 μl g−1. A 7-day cold spell (17/9°C) increased retention per unit dry matter by 53% (135% on the third leaf). Cold stress lowered epicuticular wax quantity by 29% on the third leaf. Contact angles of formulated 2,4-D lay between 115 and 125° and were not significantly affected by cold stress. 2,4-D rapidly entered into maize third leaf (66% in 24 h) but migration from it was less than 1.5%. 2,4-D was readily degraded in maize (80% in 72 h). The most abundant metabolite was probably an ester conjugate; little of the hydroxy derivatives were found. Cold stress reduced 2,4-D degradation, and 72 h after treatment the amount of undegraded 2,4-D was 78% higher in cold-stressed maize plants. It was concluded that 2,4-D selectivity in maize results from low spray retention per unit dry matter and active degradation of penetrated herbicide. Cold stress affects both factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a soil application, Torilis arvensis was nearly as susceptible as Lolium rigidum to simazine but was 18-fold more tolerant to diuron. Treat ment with diuron inhibited photosynthesis in L. rigidum but had only a limited effect in T. arvensis although chloroplasts isolated from both species displayed similar susceptibility. 14C-diuron degradation in plants was limited, with the formation of conjugates of mono-methyl-diuron in T. arvensis and N-dealkylated derivatives of diuron in L. rigidum. 14C-diuron entered the roots and was translocated throughout the leaves of L. rigidum but was restricted to stems, leaf petioles and leaf veins of T. arvensis. This difference in transport pattern is proposed to explain the tolerance of T. arvensis to diuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 25 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth responses of wheat plants to combined treatments of four mixed function oxidase (MFO) inhibitors and chlortoluron were determined. Analysis of interactions showed that piperonyl-butoxide and especially ABT (1-aminobenzotriazole) increased the toxicity of chlortoluron. Metyrapone and 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropyne were phytotoxic and did not exert any clear interaction. ABT also increased the toxicity of isoproturon to wheat.Our results suggest that ABT Strongly inhibits the breakdown of chlortoluron and isoproturon in wheat. Since ABT is known to act as a suicide substrate for plant cytochrome P-450, wheat enzymes involved in the metabolism of these two herbicides are likely to belong to this class. It thus appears that compounds designed to inhibit plant cytochrome P-450 enzymes may interact with herbicide metabolism and are potential synergists of herbicide activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 23 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: En fractionnant préalablement deux substrats organiques (une paille de blé et im fpom de luzerne broyés) nous avons tenté d'évaluer le pouvoir adsorbant, dans le sol, de leurs composants (substances hydrosolubles et lipidiques, héicelluloses, cellulose et lignine). La terbutryne et le diuron n'ont pas la méme affinité pour les composants des substrats. La lignine est plus adsorbante que les autres composants. Auregard de l'adsorption, les composants isolés constituent des classes hétérogènes et interagissent. Par suite il apparait difficile de décrore le pouvoir adsorbant des matières organiques non décomposées à partir de leur composition. La minéralisation, en modifiant la composition des substrats pourrait expliquer au moins partiellement les variations du pouvoir adsorbant des résidus carbones provenant de la décomposition des substrats dans le sol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 20 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: L'adsorption de plusieurs phcnyluré (diuron, linuron. mtox- uron, isoproturon) par des acides humiques augmente lorsque le pH diminue, Lëtablissement de liaisons hydrogène entre les molécules herbicides el les groupements fonctionnels non disso- ciés des acides humiques pourrait expliquer cet effet, Compars au calcium, au mème pH, les cations Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+ ne modifient pas l'intensité de l'adsorption mais, compte tenu de la composition ionique des acides humiques, on peut supposer l'existence d'interactions entre les molcules herbicides et ces cations fixs sur les acides humiques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 17 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: L' effet du pH sur l'adsorption de la terbutryne par des acides humiques, une montmorillonite-Ca ou leurs mélanges montre une certaine similitude de comportement entre ces derniers et l'argile seule. Au voisinage de la neutralité, seuls les acides humiques adsorbent la terbutryne. En milieu acide, les isothermes d'adsorption de la terbutryne par les acides humiques et la montmorillonite sont respectivement de type L et S et traduisent une affinité adsorbat-adsorbant différente; les isothermes d'adsorption correspondant aux mélanges ont une forme différente et font apparaitre un effet de synergie, en particulier dans le cas des mélanges pauvres en acides humiques. La dsorption šaccompagne d'un phénoméne d'hystérésis lieA à la présence des acides humiques. Les propriétés particulières des associations argiles-matiéres organiques sont susceptibles de mieux expliquer l'effet des sols sur l'activité des herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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