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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It has long been known that calcium ion antagonizes glyphosate, but it was not clear whether the stoichiometry of their interaction is 1:1 or 1:2. Two independent methods were used to determine which stoichiometry was the most probable. First, dose–response curves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants treated with glyphosate were determined in the presence of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM CaCl2. The doses of ‘free’ glyphosate (=not inactivated by calcium ion) were computed using the assumptions of 1:1 and 1:2 stoechiometries. The response curves were redrawn as a function of ‘free’ glyphosate. Analysis showed that the 1:2 hypothesis could be rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was highly probable. Second, kinetics of glyphosate penetration into barley leaves were determined in the presence of 0, 2.5 and 10 mM CaCl2. The concentrations of ‘free’ glyphosate were computed as above. The kinetics of glyphosate penetration at these concentrations were established and were compared to the kinetics of glyphosate penetration in the presence of CaCl2. Again, the 1:2 hypothesis was rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was more probable. These results strongly suggest that the stoichiometry of the Ca2+:glyphosate association is 1:1 in deposit residuals on the leaf surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The foliar penetration of four alkyl oleates (methyl to butyl) and their influence on the penetration of phenmedipham and quizalofop-P-ethyl was studied in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cleavers (Galium aparine L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Loss of alkyl oleates from glass and plant surfaces was inversely related to the length of the alkyl chains and was assumed to be due to volatilization. All four alkyl oleates after application alone, readily penetrated into pea and barley leaves but much less into G. aparine. Penetration of methyl oleate appeared to be faster than that of butyl oleate. Both alkyl oleates were completely metabolized in barley and pea in 27 h, but not in G. aparine. The penetration of herbicides was from 2% to 10% in the absence of alkyl oleates. The penetration of phenmedipham was increased in the presence of all four aikyl oleates: to the greatest extent into pea (55-80% after 27 h), to the lowest into G. aparine (20-45%). In all three species, the effect of butyl oleate was higher than that of methyl oleate. The penetration of quizalofop-P-ethyl was increased to 10%, 30-35% and 50% on G. aparine, pea and barley respectively. The length of the alkyl chains did not influence the effects of the alkyl oleates on the foliar penetration of quizalofop-P-ethyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 31 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The foliar surface of 4-leaf maize plants was found to be poorly wettable and retained 106 μl g−1 dry matter when sprayed with a U46D (2,4-D formulation) blank. The third leaf retained 141 μl g−1. A 7-day cold spell (17/9°C) increased retention per unit dry matter by 53% (135% on the third leaf). Cold stress lowered epicuticular wax quantity by 29% on the third leaf. Contact angles of formulated 2,4-D lay between 115 and 125° and were not significantly affected by cold stress. 2,4-D rapidly entered into maize third leaf (66% in 24 h) but migration from it was less than 1.5%. 2,4-D was readily degraded in maize (80% in 72 h). The most abundant metabolite was probably an ester conjugate; little of the hydroxy derivatives were found. Cold stress reduced 2,4-D degradation, and 72 h after treatment the amount of undegraded 2,4-D was 78% higher in cold-stressed maize plants. It was concluded that 2,4-D selectivity in maize results from low spray retention per unit dry matter and active degradation of penetrated herbicide. Cold stress affects both factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: L'action de 24 urées substituées et du propanil a étéétudiée sur mitochondries de tubercules de pommes de terre et sur membranes phospholipidiques artificielles (liposomes). Tous les produits sont actifs sur mitochondries á 10−3m. Le néburun, le siduron, le chlorbromuron, le buturon, le linuron, le fenobenzuron, le monolinuron et le propanil sont découplants á 10−4m; le chloroxuron et le TBU agissent comme inhibiteurs du transfert d'électrons. La concentration diminuant de 50% la valeur du P/O est 50 μm pour le néburon, 65–70 μm pour le siduron, 150–200 μm pour le chlorbromuron et 100 μm pour le chloroxuron; les autres produits ont un effet moindre.Seuls les produits découplants sur mitochondries (auxquels il faut ajouter le chloroxuron) augmentent la perméabilité de la membrane des liposomes au pottassium et dans certains cas aux protons. II existe une bonne corrélation entre les activités découplantes sur mitochondries et sur liposomes. Die Wirkung substituierter Harnstoffe auf die oxidative Phosphorylierung der Mittochondrien von Kartoffelknollen (Solarium tuberosum L.). Vergleich mit der Wirkung auf Liposomen.Es wurde die Wirkung von 24 substituierten Harnstoffen und von Propanil auf Mitochondrien von Kartoffelknollen und auf künstliche phospholipidhaltige Membranen (Liposomen) untersucht. Alle Verbindungen sind bis 10−3m auf Mitochondrien wirksam Bei 10−4m wirken die folgenden Verbindungen als Entkoppler: Neburon, Siduron, Chlorbromuron, Buturon. Linuron, Fenobenzuron. Monolinuron und Propanil; Chlortoluron und TBU wirken wie Hemmer des Eiektronentransports Die Konzentration. die zu einer Verminderung des P/O-Werts führt, betràt 50 μm für Neburon, 65–70 μm für Siduron, 150–200 μm für Chlorbromuron und 100 μm für Chloroxuron; die anderen Verbindungen haben eine geringere Wirkung.Nur die Verbindungen. die bei Mitochondrien entkoppelnd wirken (hierzu muss auch Chloroxuron gerechnet werden) erhöhten die Permeabilität der Liposomenmembranen für Kalium und in bestimmten Fällen für Protonen. Es besteht eine gute Korrelation zwischen der entkoppelnden Wirkung bei Mitochondrien und bei Liposomen The effects of substituted urea herbicides on phosphorilant oxidations of mitochondria of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.): comparisons with the effect on liposomes.The action of twenty-four substituted urea herbicides and of propanil on mitochondria of potato tubers and on artificial phospholipid membranes (liposomes) was studied. All the products were active on mitochondria at 10−3m. At 10−4m, neburon, siduron, chlorobromuron, buturon. linuron, fenobenzuron, monolinuron and propanil were decoupling: chlorotoluron and TBU behaved as inhibitors of electron transfer. The concentration causing 50% drop in the value of P/O was 50 μm for neburon, 65–70 μm for siduron, 150–200 μm for chloro-bronuron and 100μm for chloroxuron. The other products had less effect, Only the products decoupling on mitochondria (to which must be added chloroxuron) increased the permeability of the liposome membrane to potassium and in certain cases to protons. There was a good correlation between decoupling activity on mitochondria and on liposomes.† Avec la collaboration technique de J. L. Dufour. Abréviations utilisées. ADP; adénosine 5’diphosphate; ATP: adénosine 5’triphosphate; SAB: sérum albumine bovine; EDTA: acide éthylénediaminotétracétique; DMSO: diméthylsulfoxyde; TBU: terbutyl N 4-phényl, N'diméthylurée, R.C.R.: rapport de contrôle respiratoire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 158 (1983), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Herbicide ; Inhibitor ; Plant mitochondria ; Succinate oxidation ; Thiopyrimidine ; UKJ72J
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 22 (1983), S. 33-35 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Gramineae ; Helminthosporium maydis race T toxin ; Methomyl. ; Zea mays ; maize ; male sterility ; mitochondria ; swelling
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 1909-1913 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Graminae ; Helminthosporium naydis race T toxin ; Methomyl: structure-activity relationships ; Zea mays ; lipophily. ; maize ; male sterility
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 22 (1983), S. 2431-2435 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Gramineae ; Helminthosporium maydis race T toxin ; Methomyl ; Zea mays ; geometric isomery ; maize ; male sterility ; mitochondria ; specific biologica
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 24 (1985), S. 2181-2183 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Plant mitochondria ; UKJ72J ; herbicide ; inhibitor. ; succinate oxidation ; thiopyrimidine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 21 (1984), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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