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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3888-3890 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The techniques of the photoreflectance and electroreflectance (ER) were used to study the built-in electric fields and the surface Fermi levels of InP surface-intrinsic-n+ (SIN+) structures. The substrates of SIN+ structures are either Fe-doped semi-insulated InP or Sn-doped N+ InP with the same doping concentrations as its buffer layer. The built-in electric field and the Fermi level were calculated from the Franz–Keldysh oscillations of the photoreflectance spectra. Our studies found that for the samples with the same doping concentration in the buffer layer and substrate, the built-in electric field increases as their top layer thickness decreases. The surface Fermi level, on the other hand, remains approximately constant. For samples with a semi-insulated substrate, the photoreflectance spectra indicate the simultaneous existence of two built-in electric fields, one in the top layer and the other at the interface region between the buffer layer and substrate. ER spectra were measured with the application of a modulation electric field across the top layer. The built-in electric field across the top layer obtained from the ER spectra increases as the top layer thickness decreases while the surface Fermi level, again, remains approximately constant. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3690-3695 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The band gaps, built-in electric field, and surface Fermi level of a series In1−xAlxAs surface-intrinsic-n+ (SIN+) structures have been studied by photoreflectance at room temperature. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with an undoped layer thickness of 1000 Å. Our study indicates that, in contrast to GaAs and AlGaAs, the surface Fermi level is not pinned at midgap over aluminum concentration of 0.42–0.57. The pinning position is composition dependent. The undoped layer was subsequently etched to 800, 600, 400, and 200 Å. Different chemical solutions were used in the etching process and the built-in electric field is found independent of the etching process. Although the surface Fermi level, in general, varies with the undoped layer thicknesses, there exists, for each Al concentration, a certain range of thicknesses within which the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. From the dependence of electric field and surface Fermi level on the undoped layer thickness, we conclude that the surface states distribute over two separate regions within the energy band gap and the densities of surface states are as low as 1.36±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near the conduction band and 4.38±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near valence band. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2857-2859 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Built-in electric fields and interfacial state densities (Dit) in a series of oxide–GaAs heterostructures fabricated by in situ molecular beam epitaxy were studied using room temperature photoreflectance. The samples investigated were air-, Al2O3–Ga2Ox–, and Ga2O3(Gd2O3)–GaAs. We found that the built-in electric fields are 48, 44, and 38 kV/cm for air-, Al2O3-, and Ga2Ox–GaAs samples, respectively. For the Ga2O3(Gd2O3)–GaAs sample, the built-in electric field is negligibly small, indicating a very low interfacial state density. Estimated by the low field limit criterion, Dit is less than 1×1011 cm−2 eV−1. Our results on the Ga2O3(Gd2O3)–GaAs sample are consistent with the data obtained previously using capacitance–voltage measurements in quasistatic/high frequency modes and photoluminescence measurements. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2350-2352 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The built-in electric field and surface Fermi level in the InAlAs surface-intrinsic-n+ structures were studied by room-temperature photoreflectance. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with an undoped layer thickness of 1000 A(ring). The undoped layer was subsequently etched to 800, 600, 400, and 200 A(ring). Different chemical solutions were used in the etching process and the built-in electric field is found independent of the etching process. While the surface Fermi level, in general, varies with the undoped layer thickness, there exists, for each Al concentration, a certain range of thicknesses within which the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. From the dependence of electric field and surface Fermi level on the undoped layer thickness, we conclude that the surface states distribute over two separate regions within the energy band gap and the densities of surface states are as low as 1.02±0.05×1011 cm−2 for the distribution near the conduction band and 2.91±0.05×1011 cm−2 for the distribution near valence band. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3314-3316 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the band gaps and the surface Fermi level positions of a series of In1−xAlxAs surface-intrinsic-n+ structures at room temperature by photoreflectance. Experiments demonstrated that over aluminum concentrations of 0.42–0.57, the surface Fermi level is not pinned at midgap, as commonly believed, but instead varies, respectively, from 0.50±0.01 to 0.81±0.01 eV below the conduction band edge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 296 (1992), S. 468-473 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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