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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of parenteral methotrexate in refractory Crohn’s disease (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Methotrexate is steroid-sparing in short-term trials for refractory Crohn’s disease. This study assesses the impact of dosing and administration on the long-term utility of methotrexate in Crohn’s disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:The efficacy and tolerability of methotrexate were assessed in all refractory Crohn’s disease patients treated at the University of Chicago from 1 September 1989 to 6 June 1997.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Seventy-six patients were identified: 43% male, mean age 35 years, mean Crohn’s disease duration 9.5 years. Mean methotrexate duration was 55 weeks; mean dose was 20 mg/week. Drug administration was parenteral (78%), oral (13%), or combination (8%). Improvement occurred in 63% after a mean of 9 weeks, for a mean duration of 65 weeks. Remission occurred in 37% after a mean of 22 weeks, for a mean duration of 59 weeks. Improvement and remission were highest with parenteral therapy, but dose-independent. Parenteral therapy maintained remission in 46%. Improvement (P=0.05) and remission (P=0.01) were more likely for patients under 40. Improvement rates were higher with concurrent steroids (P=0.02) or antibiotics (P=0.01). Side-effects occurred in 46%, resulting in discontinuation in 18%. Prednisone was decreased in 78%, and stopped in 40%.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Long-term therapy with methotrexate in Crohn’s disease is safe, effective, steroid-sparing, and most efficacious in younger patients and when given parenterally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00908.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intentional infliximab use during pregnancy for induction or maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  To study the effects of infliximab on pregnancy and foetal outcome.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective chart review of women with Crohn's disease treated intentionally with infliximab during pregnancy. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of congenital malformations. Secondary outcome measures were the rate of premature birth, low-birth weight, small for gestational age infants, intrauterine growth retardation and caesarean section.Results:  Ten women were identified. Eight women received maintenance infliximab infusions throughout their pregnancy and two women received their initial infliximab infusions during pregnancy. All 10 pregnancies ended in live births. No infants had congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation or small for gestational age parameters. Three infants were premature and one had low-birth weight. Eight women had a caesarean section.Conclusions:  This is the first reported series of intentional infliximab use throughout pregnancy. These data, combined with other studies of inadvertent use of infliximab during pregnancy, suggest that the benefits of infliximab in achieving response and maintaining remission in mothers with Crohn's disease may outweigh the risk to the foetus of exposure to the drug. Further prospective data collection will be helpful to confirm these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02405.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Health-related quality of life studies provide insight into the influence of Crohn's disease on patients' lives, and the potential impact on professional and personal productivity.Aim : To compare health-related quality of life in Crohn's disease patients with that in other patients and healthy controls, and between medically and surgically treated Crohn's disease patients, and to correlate health-related quality of life with Crohn's disease activity.Methods : An expanded MEDLINE search of full length, English language, adult Crohn's disease studies from January 1966 to September 2000 was performed. The key words utilized were: ‘Quality of Life’, ‘Health Status’ or ‘Health Related Quality of Life’ and ‘Crohn’s' or ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease’.Results : A total of 258 articles were identified; 236 subsequently were excluded, leaving 22 for analysis. Compared with Crohn's disease patients, the health-related quality of life was better in healthy controls and in ulcerative colitis patients (except pre-colectomy), but similar to or worse than that in many other medical conditions. The health-related quality of life was directly correlated with Crohn's disease activity, and was worse in active disease than in remission. The health-related quality of life was improved only in the short term in surgically vs. medically treated Crohn's disease patients.Conclusions : Health-related quality of life analysis provides important insights into the impact of Crohn's disease, and should be included in clinical trials. Researchers, clinicians and other health care providers need to be cognizant of the impact of the health-related quality of life upon patients' lives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01323.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual Purple Level and the Course of Dark Adaptation (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 173 (1954), S. 301-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN we go suddenly from moderate light into darkness, at first we can see nothing ; but over the next half-hour visibility greatly improves. Owing largely to the work of Heeht, the improvement has been attributed in the main to two factors : (a) the shift of vision from cones to rods ; (b) the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/173301a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on the Plasma Citrate of Treatment of Primary Hypothyroidism with Triiodothyronine (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 486-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Plasma citrate was measured by the method of McArdle1 on venous blood taken in the fasting state. The normal range of plasma citrate in our laboratory is 2-0-3-9 nag/100 ml. The initial basal metabolic rates in patients 1-a were 29, 38, 35 and 13 per cent, respectively (standards of Robertson and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196486b0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation between phenformin therapy and lactic acidosis (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Phenformin ; lactic acidosis ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of lactic acidosis are described in which the time sequence of events made it certain that phenformin was the precipitating cause. In one patient the condition arose because of self administration of an overdose; in the other, phenformin had been administered to a patient on maintenance dialysis. After recovery, and in the absence of phenformin therapy the second patient was able to clear an intravenous lactate load at a rate similar to that observed in other patients on chronic dialysis. — A review of the literature re-emphasizes the possible danger of phenformin in the presence of diminished renal or hepatic function, which should be shown to be normal before starting the drug and assessed periodically during therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225999
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mm Hg) were treated with sodium chloride (’saline'), sodium bicarbonate or ’Carbicarb' (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ’Carbicarb' in either series of animals; ’Carbicarb' and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 889–898]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280531
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mmHg) were treated with sodium chloride (‘saline’), sodium bicarbonate or ‘Carbicarb’ (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ‘Carbicarb’ in either series of animals; ‘Carbicarb’ and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ketone bodies promote a rapid rise in glutamate efflux from the isolated perfused rat liver without altering the rate of glutamine production (1995)
    Springer
    Amino acids 9 (1995), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Hydroxybutyrate ; Acetoacetate ; Glutamine ; Glutamate ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Livers of starved (48 hr) male Wistar rats were perfused in a non recirculating manner with a near physiological mix of ammonium, lactate, ornithine and pyruvate in Krebs buffer. The addition of ketone bodies (3-DL-hydroxybutyrate [B OHB] 2–30 mM or lithium-acetoacetate (15 mM) to the perfusate resulted in a rapid rise in the efflux of glutamate from the liver (five times above basal). This was not seen with control solutions (sodium chloride or lithium chloride). The increased efflux was sustained for the duration of the addition of the ketone bodies (7 min), was rapidly reversible and dose dependant. Glutamine export rates were not altered, suggesting that either the glutamate originated from cells not responsible for glutamine synthesis or that this glutamate was superfulous to the requirement of glutamine synthesis. There was no evidence that the lactate transporter was involved in the entry of lactate into perivenous hepatocytes for glutamine synthesis; lactate presumably entering the hepatocyte by an alternative pathway, probably nonionic diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805835
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