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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the population of the area of Parma (Italy) (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Antibody ; Infection ; Toxoplasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Between 1987 and 1991, the prevalence of IgG antibodies toToxoplasma gondii was determined by ELISA in 28,247 serum samples belonging to 19,432 subjects of the area of Parma (Italy). The overall prevalence was 48.5%. The correlation of infection with age, performed on 420 sera, showed a significant increase of positivity until 30–40 approximately years. In consecutive sera obtained from 172 subjects, the IgG and IgM production was analyzed for about 8 months, and four different patterns were delineated which were comprehensive of the wide range of immunological responses toToxoplasma gondii exposure observed. Among pregnant females the prevalence ofanti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was 48.7%, and 5 cases of seroconversion during the pregnancy were observed (0.27%) from which two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis originated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719439
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of aerobic actinomycetes by modified killer system (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Aerobic actinomycetes ; Killer yeasts ; Biotyping system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-four yeasts belonging to the genera Pichia, Candida, Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces were tested for their potential killer effect on 13 aerobic actinomycetes (6 Nocardia asteroides, 1 N. brasiliensis, 1 N. caviae and 5 Actinomadura madurae). Only a few yeast strains did not display any killer activity against the aerobic actinomycetes studied, thus confirming that the killer phenomenon is widespread among microorganisms. For epidemiological purposes, a killer system was developed. According to their susceptibility to the 9 killer yeasts chosen, it was possible to differentiate the Nocardia and Actinomadura isolates into biotypes. Fitting conditions of the killer system to potential sensitive microorganisms with different characteristics of growth are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152699
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of bacterial isolates using the yeast killer system (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Yeast killer phenomenon ; Bacterial biotyping ; Epidemiological markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-four presumptive killer yeasts were tested against bacterial isolates, including rapid-growing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as slow-growing bacteria, such as the mycobacteria. A killer system, based on the patterns of bacterial susceptibility to the action of nine selected killer yeasts, was developed for epidemiological purposes. The killer system, previously standardized for yeasts and hyphomycetes, was adapted to the specific growth conditions of the bacterial isolates. The results obtained confirm that susceptibility to the yeast killer phenomenon is widespread among microorganisms unrelated to yeasts and that it could form the basis for a convenient and adaptable biotyping method in microbiological laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144830
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Human intestinal spirochetes ; Swine intestinal treponemes ; T. hyodysenteriae ; T. innocens ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. Negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. The isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.12–0.35 μm in width and from 3.9–14.2 μm in length. Twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. The majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. Human intestinal spirochetes divide by binary fission. They are morphologically similar to swine intestinal treponemes, both pathogenic (Treponema hyodysenteriae) and non pathogenic (Treponema innocens), and different from Treponema pallidum, Treponema phagedenis and Borrelia burgdorferi. Following treatment with sodium deoxycolate, no bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules were observed in cells obtained from cultures of human and swine intestinal spirochetes or from cells of B. burgdorferi, while these structures were present in similarly treated cells of T. pallidum and T. phagedenis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239758
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lyme disease in Italy: Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from a patient (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 506-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Lyme disease ; Borrelia burgdorferi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. Significant titers of specific anti-Borrelia antibodies were not found. This is the first report of isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological and clinical aspects of mycoses in patients with aids-related pathologies (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 6 (1990), S. 398-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: AIDS ; HIV ; Mycoses ; Biotyping ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mycological, cultural and/or serological studies were performed on 98 patients hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Catholic University in Rome with diagnoses of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) diseases. The incidence of mycoses was evaluated by retrospectively analyzing the results of mycological examinations and comparing them with clinical manifestations. The presence of concomitant bacterial, viral and parasitic infections was also examined. For epidemiological purposes, the study was extended to include the biotyping of all yeasts isolated from patients hospitalized between September 1988 and February 1989 in the same Department. Antimycotic susceptibility was also determined for the first yeast isolate obtained from each of these patients. Oral candidiasis (50 cases) caused by Candida albicans was the most frequent mycosis, followed by esophageal candidiasis (13 cases) and cryptococcosis (6 cases). Four out of the 6 cryptococcosis patients had meningeal involvement. Systemic candidiasis (2 cases) and aspergillosis (1 case) were less common. Biotyping of yeasts isolated between September 1988 and February 1989 with the killer system revealed type 377 to be the most common among the C. albicans isolates. It represented 70% of all the yeasts isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151714
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and characterization of DNA from human intestinal spirochetes (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Human intestinal spirochetes ; DNA cloning ; Non-radioactive probe ; Restriction site polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HindIII cleaved human intestinal spirochete genomic DNA was cloned into the plasmid vector pBluescript. The inserts from three of these clones (pRB.C33, pRB.C47 and pRB.F1I) successfully hybridized with DNA from the nine human intestinal spirochetes used in this study. The fourth insert (from clone pRB.A8) failed to hybridize with DNA from two of these isolates (HRM4 and HRM9), and, all four of the inserts hybridized with the Ml strain of swine intestinal spirochete Treponema innocens. Hybridization with DNA from the P18 strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae was observed only for the probe pRB.FII. No hybridization was detected with the human strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. With these probes we were thus able to demonstrate, in southern blot experiments, a restriction site polymorphism among the isolates of the human intestinal spirochetes we tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144800
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey on the prevalence of leptospira infections in the Italian population (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Leptospira serovar-specific antibodies ; Leptospira serovars ; Leptospirosis survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation is the first nationwide survey on the circulation of leptospira infections in human beings in Italy. In nine out of twenty Italian regions, representative samples of the population were investigated for the presence of leptospira infections. Unexpectedly, leptospira infections were found to be widespread, the number of cases being much higher than the diagnosed clinical cases. There were found to be high, medium, and low risk areas. On the whole, the risk for the rural population was no higher than the risk for urban dwellers; leisure activities, contact with animals and residence on the plain versus residence in the hills were important risk factors. There was an unidentified risk factor in urbanites which was absent in the rural population. A changing pattern in infecting serovars was observed, with infections from serogroups Sejroe, Javanica and Australis prevailing over infections from the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Bataviae serogroups, which were the main agents of human leptospirosis during the 1950s. The mechanisms of these changes, the need for epidemiological surveys and improved diagnostic methods of screening are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730367
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of micellal fungus cultures by the killer system (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hyphomycetes ; Killer yeasts ; Biotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on the occurrence of the yeast killer phenomenon in hyphomycetes, the toxic effect of 37 selected killer yeasts was studied on eleven strains of Pseudallescheria boydii, six strains of Aspergillus niger, 18 strains of Penicillium camemberti and nine strains of Sporothrix schenckii. The demonstration of different biotypes within the species of P. boydii and P. camemberti proves that the killer system also is a practical and effective method for epidemiological studies among hyphomycetes. Based on the system used, it was not possible to observe markedly different biotypes among the A. niger and S. schenckii strains studied. The first evidence that an isolated, concentrated (50X) and partially purified yeast killer toxin may display a lethal activity against mycelial fungus cultures is also given in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149730
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus infections in a university hospital (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus ; Hospital ; Killer biotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The impact of the airborne opportunistic fungus pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus in patients hospitalized at the university hospital of Parma, Italy, and its outpatients was investigated during a period of six months. Sputum and bronchial washings were collected from 986 patients. The 2,437 specimens were culturally examined for the presence of A. fumigatus regardless of the patient's clinical diagnosis. This fungus was isolated from 32 patients (3.2%). Subsequently, immunological tests for aspergillosis were performed on 22 of these culture-positive patients. Eight of these patients (36.4%) were serologically proven to be affected by aspergillosis. The 32 A. fumigatus isolates were epidemiologically investigated by the killer system to determine the mode of spread of these infections. Among the patients, fifteen different biotypes were differentiated, and their value in studying the epidemiology of aspergillosis in the hospital environment was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145038
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