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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HBV and HIV expression in lymph nodes of HIV positive LAS patients: histology and in situ hybridization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Probes 3 (1989), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0890-8508
    Keywords: HBV ; HIV ; in situ hybridization ; lymph nodes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(89)90023-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunodetection of a Pichia anomala killer toxin: a preliminary study
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biology of the Cell 75 (1992), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Keywords: Pichia anomala ; killer toxin ; monoclonal antibody immunodetection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-4900(92)90120-P
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An anthraquinone and three naphthopyrone derivatives from Cassia pudibunda
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 30 (1991), S. 708-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Cassia pudibunda ; Leguminosae ; anthraquinones ; antimicrobial activity. ; naphthopyrone glycosides
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(91)83762-A
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Idiotypic Vaccination: Immunoprotection Mediated by Anti-idiotypic Antibodies with Antibiotic Activity (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anti-Id antibodies were raised in mice against a monoclonal antibody (MoAb KT4) that neutralized the in vitro activity of a Pichia anomala yeast killer toxin. Monoclonal antibody was administered to BALB/C syngeneic mice with different schedules of immunization before intravenous challenge with increasing amounts of yeast killer toxin-sensitive Candida alhicans cells. The course of candidosis was studied in comparison with mice non-immunized and immunized with an isotypc-matched unrelated MoAb subdivided into control groups. Protection was reflected by statistically significant increases in survival rate of mice immunized with MoAb KT4 which showed variable serum levels of yeast killer toxin-like anti-Id antibodies. MoAb KT4 affinity chromatography purified mouse anti-Id antibodies were capable of killing in vitro the yeast ceils of the Candida albicans strain used for the experimental infection.This is the first report of antimicrobial protection that exploits the role of anti-idiotypic antibodies presumably acting in vivo as antibiotics (idiotypic vaccination).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01671.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of aerobic actinomycetes by modified killer system (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Aerobic actinomycetes ; Killer yeasts ; Biotyping system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-four yeasts belonging to the genera Pichia, Candida, Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces were tested for their potential killer effect on 13 aerobic actinomycetes (6 Nocardia asteroides, 1 N. brasiliensis, 1 N. caviae and 5 Actinomadura madurae). Only a few yeast strains did not display any killer activity against the aerobic actinomycetes studied, thus confirming that the killer phenomenon is widespread among microorganisms. For epidemiological purposes, a killer system was developed. According to their susceptibility to the 9 killer yeasts chosen, it was possible to differentiate the Nocardia and Actinomadura isolates into biotypes. Fitting conditions of the killer system to potential sensitive microorganisms with different characteristics of growth are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152699
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta hepatitis virus infection in ethiopia (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis Delta virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Seroepidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) antibody determinations carried on 566 HBsAg positive serum samples from a population of 5270 Ethiopian military recruits are reported. The prevalence of anti-HDV among apparently healthy HBsAg carriers was 5.8%. The prevalence increases with age within the available range (18–30 years). Differences might exist by area of origin and ethnic groups. The distributions of HBV markers was similar in anti HDV positive and anti HDV negative individuals, possibly due to the relatively young age of the population and/or the hyperendemic condition of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144749
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of micellal fungus cultures by the killer system (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hyphomycetes ; Killer yeasts ; Biotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on the occurrence of the yeast killer phenomenon in hyphomycetes, the toxic effect of 37 selected killer yeasts was studied on eleven strains of Pseudallescheria boydii, six strains of Aspergillus niger, 18 strains of Penicillium camemberti and nine strains of Sporothrix schenckii. The demonstration of different biotypes within the species of P. boydii and P. camemberti proves that the killer system also is a practical and effective method for epidemiological studies among hyphomycetes. Based on the system used, it was not possible to observe markedly different biotypes among the A. niger and S. schenckii strains studied. The first evidence that an isolated, concentrated (50X) and partially purified yeast killer toxin may display a lethal activity against mycelial fungus cultures is also given in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149730
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Killer systems and pathogenic fungi (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Yeast killer phenomenon ; Pathogenic fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our own studies on the yeast killer phenomenon have been concentrated on its application for the differentiation of opportunistic pathogenic yeast isolates within the same species and its use as an epidemiological marker in nosocomial infections caused by yeasts. Our most recent investigations have led us to reevaluate the potential uses of this phenomenon, since it is now apparent that other microorganisms, unrelated to yeasts, are susceptible to the effects of these toxins. The yeast killer phenomenon can theoretically be used to study epidemiological aspects of any pathogenic microorganism, especially when other systems are not available. Monoclonal antibodies produced against a crude toxic extract of a killer yeast (Pichia anomala UCSC 25F) active against a large number of microorganisms were used to carry out a serological study on metabolic products of various yeasts with known and unknown genetic determinants of their killer characteristics. The extract itself had demonstrated a therapeutic effect in vivo when applied topically. Anti-idiotypic antibodies against these monoclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits. In vitro, these anti-Ids mimicked the action of the killer toxin used as immunogen in the production of monoclonal antibodies. The perspectives of investigations on yeast killer phenomenon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146391
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus infections in a university hospital (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus ; Hospital ; Killer biotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The impact of the airborne opportunistic fungus pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus in patients hospitalized at the university hospital of Parma, Italy, and its outpatients was investigated during a period of six months. Sputum and bronchial washings were collected from 986 patients. The 2,437 specimens were culturally examined for the presence of A. fumigatus regardless of the patient's clinical diagnosis. This fungus was isolated from 32 patients (3.2%). Subsequently, immunological tests for aspergillosis were performed on 22 of these culture-positive patients. Eight of these patients (36.4%) were serologically proven to be affected by aspergillosis. The 32 A. fumigatus isolates were epidemiologically investigated by the killer system to determine the mode of spread of these infections. Among the patients, fifteen different biotypes were differentiated, and their value in studying the epidemiology of aspergillosis in the hospital environment was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotyping of bacterial isolates using the yeast killer system (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Yeast killer phenomenon ; Bacterial biotyping ; Epidemiological markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-four presumptive killer yeasts were tested against bacterial isolates, including rapid-growing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as slow-growing bacteria, such as the mycobacteria. A killer system, based on the patterns of bacterial susceptibility to the action of nine selected killer yeasts, was developed for epidemiological purposes. The killer system, previously standardized for yeasts and hyphomycetes, was adapted to the specific growth conditions of the bacterial isolates. The results obtained confirm that susceptibility to the yeast killer phenomenon is widespread among microorganisms unrelated to yeasts and that it could form the basis for a convenient and adaptable biotyping method in microbiological laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144830
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