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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A trichrome stain for the intrahepatic localization of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 1 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A modified trichrome stain is described for the intrahepatic localization of the hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAg containing cells exhibit specific green metachromasia contrasting with the granular brown colour of non infected hepatocytes and with the deep eosinophilic colour of ground glass cells of HBsAg-negative alcoholic or drug hepatitis. The technique is simple and reliable for routine screening of HBsAg positive material; its sensitivity is greater than H & E, similar orcein and inferior to immunohistochemistry as performed on frozen sections. Histological diagnosis can be made on the same slide, since several other morphological details are provided in the trichrome stained preparations. With this technique 387 biopsies from HBsAg seronegative individuals were negative; full cytoplasm metachromasia was mostly seen in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, focal or partial staining in patients with histological evidence of liver cell necrosis. The presence and the staining pattern of HBsAg were of no help in predicting transition to chronicity or a transition from chronic persistent to chronic active hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1977.tb01666.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and efficacy of azathioprine in the maintenance of ciclosporin-induced remission of ulcerative colitis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been shown that azathioprine prolongs the response to ciclosporin of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis, but no specific data are available concerning its toxicity in this indication.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim and methods:The charts of 21 patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis who received azathioprine overlapping with a successful ciclosporin course were reviewed for the onset of toxicity. The controls consisted of 48 initial responders to steroids who received azathioprine for steroid-dependence or resistance/toxicity.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Two of the 21 patients were withdrawn because of hypersensitivity to azathioprine. The remaining 19 were treated for a median of 18 months together with a median daily steroid dose of 35 mg (10–75 mg) to be tapered off. Toxicity (31%) included leukopenia alone (two cases), cholestasis alone (one case), cholestasis and increased amylase (one case), increased amylase alone (one case), and cutaneous infection (one case). The frequency of withdrawal was 21%. The mean daily steroid doses were reduced from 38 mg to 3.8 mg in the study cohort, and from 25 mg to 8 mg in the controls, among whom toxicity (27%) included four cases each of leukopenia and increased amylase, two cases each of alteration of liver enzymes and infection, and one case of gastric intolerance. Ten of the 48 controls (20%) were withdrawn from the study.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Azathioprine is as effective and safe in the maintenance of the response of patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis to ciclosporin as it is in the treatment of those who respond to steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01019.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Four years of treatment with lamivudine: clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To evaluate the clinical and virological impact of the prolonged use of lamivudine in 94 patients with HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B.Methods : Initial virological and biochemical responses were obtained in 84 (89%) and in 83 (88%) patients respectively.Results : The virological response peaked within the first 12 months, but diminished to 39% at 48 months because of drug resistance. Overall a virological breakthrough developed in 44 patients (52.4%). After virological breakthrough, the actuarial probability of maintaining biochemical remission diminished to 15% at 24 months and 0% at 29 months. There was no response in 10.6%. Polymerase gene mutations were observed in 82.5% of virological breakthroughs but also in 75% of the non-responders. Overall 7.4% of patients developed a hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion : Almost 90% of patients responded initially to lamivudine but the emergence of drug resistance progressively reduced the rate of virological remission to 39% at the fourth year of therapy. YMDD mutants explained the 75% of lamivudine resistances and were also selected very early in non-responders. Although the biochemical response is invariably lost within 29 months of the YMDD mutant's duration, the clinical outcome was benign despite severe postvirological breakthrough hepatitic flares in about 12% of cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02073.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lamivudine therapy in chronic delta hepatitis: a multicentre randomized-controlled pilot study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Delta virus (HDV)-related chronic hepatitis is difficult to treat.Aims:  To evaluate the efficacy of lamivudine 100 mg daily on serum HDV-RNA, hepatitis D virus antibodies and alanine aminotransferase levels, liver histology, and on hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion.Methods:  Thirty-one hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, HDV-RNA-positive patients with ALT ≥ 1.5 upper normal level and compensated liver disease were randomized (1:2 ratio) to placebo (group A, n = 11) or lamivudine (group B, n = 20) for 52 weeks; thereafter, all patients were given lamivudine for 52 weeks and followed up for 16 weeks.Results:  Twenty-five patients (81%) completed the study. No patient was HDV-RNA-negative at week 52; three patients (11%) were negative at week 104. Two of them remained HDV-RNA-negative at week 120, and one lost the hepatitis B surface antigen without seroconversion. Paired pre-treatment and week 104 liver biopsies were available from 19 patients: of which three of seven (43%) from group A and two of 12 patients (17%) from group B had a ≥2 point decrease in the Ishak necroinflammatory score.Conclusion:  A sustained complete response was achieved in 8% of hepatitis D virus-infected patients treated with lamivudine and a partial histological response in 26% of them. Hepatitis D virus viraemia was unaffected, even in patients when hepatitis B virus replication was lowered by lamivudine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02542.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta hepatitis virus infection in ethiopia (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis Delta virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Seroepidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) antibody determinations carried on 566 HBsAg positive serum samples from a population of 5270 Ethiopian military recruits are reported. The prevalence of anti-HDV among apparently healthy HBsAg carriers was 5.8%. The prevalence increases with age within the available range (18–30 years). Differences might exist by area of origin and ethnic groups. The distributions of HBV markers was similar in anti HDV positive and anti HDV negative individuals, possibly due to the relatively young age of the population and/or the hyperendemic condition of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144749
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 1 (1985), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis Delta Virus ; Hepatitis B Virus ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Markers of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection have been detected all over the five continents. Geographical prevalence varied heavily: HDV infection is very rare in Far East Asia, but extremely frequent in Arabian countries, in Romania and in certain Indian populations of South America. In Europe and in the USA the infection is widely spread among high risk groups such as intravenous drug abusers and haemophiliacs,
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237100
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe steroid-unresponsive ulcerative colitis (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 609-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Cyclosporin ; Steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis ; Subtotal colectomy ; Immune suppressor drugs ; Surgical outcomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The recent introduction of the immune suppressor cyclosporin for treatment of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis has required surgeons to perform a colectomy in those patients who eventually fail this rescue treatment, thus raising questions as to the safety of surgery as performed in patients with a heavily manipulated immune system. To assess the rates of mortality and morbidity in this setting, we studied a cohort of consecutive patients who had surgery after failing cyclosporin for refractory ulcerative colitis at our center. METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 1996, 25 patients with ulcerative colitis underwent restorative proctocolectomy performed in three steps (21 patients) and in two steps (4 patients). Seventeen of the 25 patients (68 percent) were initial nonresponders to a dose of 2 mg/kg/day of intravenous cyclosporin and underwent surgery immediately, the remaining 8 (32 percent) relapsed as outpatients on oral cyclosporin and were readmitted for surgery. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Nine patients of the 25 developed postoperative (early) complications (36 percent). The three-step operation subset had a 28 percent complication rate, the two-step 75 percent. Three patients needed reoperation. A total of 11 patients (44 percent) reported with late complications: two patients required surgical treatment, one for obstruction and one for pouch-perianal fistula. Three cases of pouchitis were recorded. No patient required pouch removal. CONCLUSION: Given the absence of postoperative mortality and a low overall complication rate, restorative proctocolectomy can safely be perofrmed in patients who fail rescue treatment with a dose of 2 mg/kg of cyclosporin for steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Corollary evidence in this article hints but does not prove that the three-step procedure is safer than the two-step operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02235571
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency (tangier disease): The third Italian case (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 11 (1988), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01804223
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