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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1991)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 180 (1991), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serum kinetics of preS1 and preS2 antigens has been evaluated in 38 serial samples from eight patients with chronic active (CAH) or chronic persistent (CPH) hepatitis, followed for 2–7 years (mean 4.4 years) in whom liver biopsy was performed at intervals, and in 46 samples from ten asymptomatic HBsAg carriers followed for 4–5 years (mean 4.6 years). Four patterns of preS behaviour have been observed: (1) persistently positive preS1 and preS2; (2) disappearance of preS2; (3) disappearance of both preS1 and preS2; and (4) persistently negative preS1 and preS2. Pattern 4 has been observed exclusively among healthy carriers, while seven out of eight chronic patients exhibited either pattern 1 or 2. Among the chronic patients, preS2 disappearance was accompanied or followed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. The correlation of preS antigens with conventional viral replication markers showed that 100% of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-positive and 86.6% of HBeAg-positive sera were preS1/preS2 positive, while 61% of HBV-DNA-negative and 64% of HBeAg-negative sera were preS1/preS2 negative. Our data suggest that continuous monitoring of preS antigens in follow-up sera will allow for an improved prognostic evaluation of chronic HBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202558
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HBV and HIV expression in lymph nodes of HIV positive LAS patients: histology and in situ hybridization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Probes 3 (1989), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0890-8508
    Keywords: HBV ; HIV ; in situ hybridization ; lymph nodes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(89)90023-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of hepatitis A virus infection among an Italian military population (1994)
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 51-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Rate der klinischen und subklinischen Infektionen mit dem Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) zu bestimmen, wurde 1990 eine prospektive serologische Überwachungsstudie bei 1268 18–24 Jahre alten Soldaten während einer Zeitspanne von acht Monaten in der Region Campagna, Italien, durchgeführt. Bei Aufnahnme wiesen 318 der 1268 Soldaten (25%) Antikörper gegen HAV (anti-HAV) auf. Keiner war positiv für IgM anti-HAV. Unter den 950 empfänglichen Soldaten, die acht Monate lang beobachtet wurden, traten acht Fälle von Serokonversion zu anti-HAV auf (0,8%). Diese Zahl entspricht einer Inzidenz von 1,3/100 Personen/Jahr, (acht Serokonversionen während 633,3 Beobachtungsjahren). Zwei Infektionen wurden klinisch manifest (mit Nachweis von IgM anti-HAV) und sechs Infektionen verliefen klinisch inapparent. Die Rate klinischer zu subklinischen HAV-Infektionen betrug 1 : 3. Diese Daten zeigen, daß das Risiko für Soldaten, die in dieser Region wohnen, nicht zu vernachlässigen ist.
    Notes: Summary In 1990, a prospective serological survey to estimate the rate of clinical and inapparent infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) was performed in a cohort of 1,268 soldiers, 18–24 years old, during an 8 month period in the Campania region in Italy. At the time of enrollment 318 (25%) of the 1,268 soldiers were positive for total antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV). None of them was positive for IgM anti-HAV. Among the 950 susceptible subjects who were followed up for 8 months, eight (0.8%) later seroconverted to anti-HAV positivity. This figure corresponds to an incidence of 1.3/100 person/years (eight seroconversions during 633.3 years of observation). There were two clinical (with presence of IgM-anti-HAV) and six inapparent infections. The clinical/subclinical HAV ratio was 1 : 3. These findings indicate that the risk of HAV infection among soldiers residing in this area is not negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01780768
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis B infections in the Arsi region of Ethiopia (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 310-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis B ; Epidemiology ; Geography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a sample of inhabitants of the Arsi region of Ethiopia prevalence of hepatitis B is around 80% in the age group 20–24. In addition to age, sex and size of family, exposure to tribal practices is a determinant of seropositivity in this group accounting for as much as 20'% of the total burden of the infection. Waiting for a mass vaccination campaign, presently unrealistic in this area of the world, health education, as part of a comprehensive primary health care program, has to be considered as a potentially effective preventive tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148915
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delta hepatitis virus infection in ethiopia (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis Delta virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Seroepidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) antibody determinations carried on 566 HBsAg positive serum samples from a population of 5270 Ethiopian military recruits are reported. The prevalence of anti-HDV among apparently healthy HBsAg carriers was 5.8%. The prevalence increases with age within the available range (18–30 years). Differences might exist by area of origin and ethnic groups. The distributions of HBV markers was similar in anti HDV positive and anti HDV negative individuals, possibly due to the relatively young age of the population and/or the hyperendemic condition of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144749
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of hepatitis B virus infection among an Italian military population: Evidence of low infection spread (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis B ; Incidence ; Infection ; Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 1990, a prospective serological survey to estimate the rate of clinical and inapparent infection with hepatitis B virus was performed in a cohort of 1324 soldiers, 18–24 years old, during an eight month period in Italy. At the time of enrollment the prevalence of hepatitis B markers was 4.6% (0.7% subjects positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], 3.0% positive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs], and 0.9% positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc] alone. Among the 1263 susceptible subjects who were followed-up, only 2 (0.24/100 person-years of exposure) had seroconversion for HBV markers, none of which was associated with clinical illness. Among the 9 subjects HBsAg-positive at the time of enrollment, 1 (11.2%) had lost HBsAg at the end of follow-up. These data show a low spread of HBV infection among Italian young generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01717462
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA integration in a common chromosomal region of the woodchuck genome in two independent hepatocellular carcinomas (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 499-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  In woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) the myc-oncogene family (particularly N-myc2) and the win locus of cellular genome have been reported as frequent targets for integration of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA. In this paper a further cellular locus, b3n, is reported as recurrent target for WHV integration in woodchuck HCC. Cloning and sequencing of a WHV-DNA integration and its cellular flanking regions showed that viral DNA was inserted in a chromosomal region already described for WHV integration in another single HCC. The two integration sites are only 0.5 kb apart. A link between WHV integration in b3n and HCC development may be postulated. Careful analysis of the sequence of the unoccupied locus revealed that, in addition to Alu-like repeats and a gag-like coding region, already described, several features of Matrix Attachment Region (MAR) sequences are present. Thus (part of) b3n might be a previously unrecognized MAR. Organization of the chromatin in functional domains and regulation of gene expression are some functions attributed to MAR sequences. The occurrence of WHV-DNA integration close to the same putative MAR in two different HCCs suggests that a mechanism of deregulation of MAR functions by WHV insertion might act in some liver tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050096
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple hepatitis virus infections in chronic HBsAg carriers in Naples (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 445-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  In order to determine the prevalence of multiple infections with hepatitis viruses in chronic HBsAg carriers in Naples, to assess the interaction between HBV, HDV and HCV infections and to evaluate the influence of multiple virus hepatitis infections on the clinical presentation, we studied 198 HBsAg chronic carriers observed consecutively from 1971 to 1988 at our Liver Unit. Of the 198 HBsAg chronic carriers, 171 had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy. The presence of HBcAg or HDAg in the liver biopsy was considered a marker of HBV or HDV replication, respectively; the presence of anti-HCV was considered a marker of HCV infection. Anti-HCV was observed in 13.6% of the 22 subjects with normal liver, in 27.7% of the 47 patients with minimal chronic hepatitis, in 40% of the 50 with mild chronic hepatitis, in 70.6% of the 17 with moderate hepatitis, in 66.7% of the 3 with severe chronic hepatitis and in 65.6% of the 32 with active cirrhosis. Anti-HCV positive cases were antiHD positive more frequently than the anti-HCV negative (59.2% vs. 43%, p=0.05). HDV infection exerted a clear inhibition on the HBV genome. Among the 171 HBsAg chronic carriers, the finding of an active chronic hepatitis (moderate chronic hepatitis+severe chronic hepatitis+active cirrhosis) is less frequent in subjects with HBV replication alone than in those with HDV replication or HCV infection. Patients with both HBV replication and HCV infection and those with both HDV replication and HCV infection showed a very high prevelance of active chronic hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050090
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C infection in children and adolescents on haemodialysis and after renal transplant (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 7 (1993), S. 424-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Hepatitis C virus ; Haemodialysis ; Renal transplantation ; Blood transfusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were measured in children and adolescents on haemodialysis (HD,n=20) and after renal transplant (RT,n=33). Seropositivity was observed in 3 HD patients (15%) and in 7 RT patients (21.2%) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2nd generation) and a recombinant immunoblotting assay (2nd generation). HCV RNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the 10 patients with anti-HCV antibodies. Anti-HCV positivity was significantly correlated (P〈0.05) with the number of blood transfusions and the time on HD. Transaminase levels were not useful for screening. This study confirms that there is a high risk of HCV infection in children and adolescents on HD or after RT. Moreover, HCV infection is closely related to the number of blood transfusions as well as the time on HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00857557
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular evolution of HCV genotype 2c persistent infection following mother-to-infant transmission (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 965-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The molecular evolution of HCV 2c in a case of vertical transmission was studied by comparing the virus quasispecies in the sera from the mother and from the child in a two-year follow-up. The positivity of HCV-RNA since the delivery accounted for an in-utero infection. The Core-E1 genome region (nt 928-1225) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from serum samples collected at delivery and at 3, 9, 18 and 24 months after birth. The RIBA pattern was characterised by isolated anti-c22 positivity in the serum from mother and in sera from the child during the first 9 months. Additional presence of anti-c33 was observed afterwards. Genetic relatedness among isolates and with a mother minor variant serum (Mo1.13) was found (mean variability ranged between 0.79% and 1.20%). From phylogenetic analysis this variant was identified as the origin of one of the two main lineages that included all isolates from child sera at 9, 18 and 24 months. The variability analysis has shown that high viral heterogeneity is present in the child serum collected at birth (3.16%). In this phase the dn/ds index (1.26%) indicates the presence of strong selective pressures. The development of child specific immune response at 9th month was concurrent with the disappearance of two mutants at positions 11 and 104 of E1.This rare case of inutero mother-to-infant transmission can be considered as a model to elucidate the HCV quasispecies diversification during the first stage of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050688
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