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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knochenmark ; MR-Spektroskopie ; Leukämie ; Periphere Blutstammzelltransplantation ; Keywords Bone marrow ; MR imaging ; MR spectroscopy ; Leukemia ; Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Purpose. Methodological work was performed in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) in order to develop suitable tools for non-invasive characterization of hematopoetic bone marrow. The methods were applied for the assessment of normal values in healthy persons and to examine patients with generalized hematological diseases or to monitor effects of therapies influencing the composition of bone marrow. Methods. Besides standard techniques of MRI as T1- or T2-weighted methods, chemical shift techniques for selective visualization of water or lipid components were applied. The method of magnetization transfer (MT) contrast was used with the intention to differentiate between multiple water containing tissue compartments (intra- vs. extracellular space). A further approach was the determination of the magnetic field distribution within spongy bone marrow. Besides investigations in healthy volunteers, prospective clinical studies were carried out in patients suffering from acute leukemia during their initial treatment and in patients who underwent high dose therapy with following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Results. Especially MR techniques for selective imaging of water or fat signals and proton spectroscopy yielded a high sensitivity to primarily pathological or therapeutically induced changes of hematopoetic bone marrow. Application of MT allowed an improved differentiation of the tissue compartments under PBSCT, which might result in temporary edema. Storage of hemosiderin in bone marrow after blood transfusions and simultaneous hematopoetic insufficiency could be revealed by methods sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Conclusions. Methods of MRI and MRS allow to non-invasively characterize hematopoetic bone marrow in the course of hematological diseases and during therapy. Marked changes in the composition of hematological bone marrow are detectable for extensive marrow areas. The prognostic relevance of the findings has to be evaluated in future follow-up studies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Methodisch orientierte Arbeiten im Bereich der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und -spektroskopie (MRS) sollten zu einem geeigneten nicht invasiven Instrumentarium zur Charakterisierung des blutbildenden Knochenmarks führen. Anwendungen wurden bei gesunden Personen und bei Patienten mit generalisierten hämatologischen Erkrankungen oder mit Therapieregimen, die das Knochenmark beeinflussen, durchgeführt. Methoden. Neben den Standardverfahren der MRT mit T1- oder T2-Gewichtung wurden Chemical-shift-Verfahren zur selektiven Darstellung der Wasser- oder Fettkomponenten eingesetzt. Die Methode des Magnetisierungstransfer (MT)-Kontrasts kam mit der Intention zur Anwendung, verschiedene wasserhaltige Gewebekompartimente (Intra- vs. Extrazellularraum) im blutbildenden Knochenmark zu differenzieren. Ein weiterer Ansatz bestand in der Bestimmung der Magnetfeldverteilung im Knochenmarkgewebe. Neben Probandenuntersuchungen wurden prospektive Studien an Patientenkollektiven mit akuter Leukämie während der initialen Behandlung und bei Patienten mit Hochdosistherapie (HDT) und anschließender peripherer Blutstammzelltransplantation (PBSZT) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse. Besonders MR-Verfahren mit selektiver Darstellung der Signalanteile von Wasser und Fett erbrachten eine hohe Sensitivität für primär pathologische oder therapeutisch induzierte Veränderungen. Die Anwendung des MT erlaubte eine bessere Differenzierung der Gewebekompartimente unter PBSZT, die zu einer temporären Ödembildung führen kann. Unter hohem Eisenangebot durch Vollbluttransfusionen und gleichzeitiger hämatopoetischer Insuffizienz lassen sich Hämosiderineinlagerungen im Mark mit feldsensitiven Methoden nachweisen. Schlussfolgerungen. Die Methoden der MRT und MRS erlauben eine nicht invasive Charakterisierung des blutbildenden Knochenmarks im Verlauf hämatologischer Erkrankungen und beim Therapie-Monitoring. Deutliche Änderungen der Zusammensetzung des hämatopoetischen Knochenmarks sind für ausgedehnte Markareale nachweisbar. Die prognostische Relevanz der Befunde muss in weiteren Studien und Verlaufskontrollen evaluiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Infektionen stellen eine der häufigsten und bedrohlichsten Komplikationen bei Tumorpatienten dar. Dabei sind Inzidienz und Schweregrad der infektiösen Komplikationen weitgehend abhängig von der mit der Grunderkrankung assoziierten Immundefizienz und der Art und Intensität der antineoplastischen Therapie. So treten beispielsweise bei etwa 5–10% der Patienten mit soliden Tumoren tödlich verlaufende Infektionen auf, wohingegen bei Patienten mit akuten Leukämien nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation letale Infektionskomplikationen in bis zu 40% berichtet werden. Bei Patienten mit Tumorerkrankungen treten Infektionen mit einer Vielzahl verschiedener Erreger und mit unterschiedlichen Manifestationen auf. In dem folgenden Kapitel wurden einige dieser infektiösen Komplikationen ausgewählt, die aufgrund der Frequenz oder assoziierten Mortalität als besonders bedeutsam einzustufen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 6 (2000), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In die Behandlung chemotherapiesensibler Neoplasien haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Therapieverfahren Einzug gefunden, die durch eine höhere Dosisintensität der Chemotherapie eine Verbesserung der Remissionsraten erreichen sollen. Eine höhere Dosisintensität hat jedoch nicht selten eine höhere therapieassoziierte Toxizität zur Folge. Eines dieser modernen Therapieverfahren stellt die Hochdosis-Chemotherapie mit anschließender autologer oder allogener Stammzellrückgabe dar. In erfahrenen Zentren sollte die Mortalität im Rahmen der autologen Blutstammzelltransplantation unter 3% liegen. Dieses Ziel kann nur erreicht werden, indem adäquate supportive Therapiemaßnahmen zur Anwendung kommen. Nur in enger Kooperation mit dem betreuenden Pflegeteam können diese supportiven Maßnahmen entsprechend umgesetzt werden. Im folgenden Artikel werden ausgewählte Aspekte zur Supportivtherapie im Rahmen der Hochdosis-Chemotherapie dargelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 145 (1985), S. 283-288 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Alcoholic liver cirrhosis ; Alcoholism ; Hemolysis ; Lipid peroxidation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörterα-Interferon- ; Therapie ; rheumatoide Arthritis ; CML ; Haarzelleukämie ; Autoimmunerkrankungen ; Key wordsα-interferon ; rheumatoid arthritis ; CML ; hairy cell leukemia ; autoimmune diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We describe a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and a patient with hairy cell leukemia being effectively treated with α-interferon who developed a seropositive chronic polyarthritis formally fulfilling the ACR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Because of its efficacy, interferon was not discontinued, and the arthritis treated with low-dose prednisolone or NSAIDS. These are the 19th and 20th case of symmetrical polyarthritis during α-interferon therapy fulfilling the criteria for RA. The possible mechanisms of the relatively frequent appearance of autoimmune diseases during interferon therapy are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden eine Patientin mit einer chronischen myeloischen Leukämie (CML) und ein Patient mit Haarzell-Leukämie in hämatologischer Remission der Leukämie unter α-Interferon geschildert, die im Verlauf eine seropositive symmetrische Polyarthritis entwickelten, die die Kriterien für eine rheumatoide Arthritis formal erfüllte. Wegen der guten Effektivität des Interferons für die hämatologische Erkrankung wurde diese Therapie nicht abgesetzt und die Arthritis mit niedrigdosiertem Prednisolon bzw. nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika behandelt. Es handelt sich hier um die 19. und 20. Fallbeschreibung einer symmetrischen Polyarthritis unter α-Interferon-Therapie, die die Kriterien für eine rheumatoide Arthritis erfüllt. Mögliche Ursachen des gehäuften Auftretens von Autoimmunerkrankungen unter Interferontherapie werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: 1H NMR spectroscopy ; Chemical shift imaging ; Magnetic resonance ; Bone marrow ; Leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six healthy volunteers, ten patients with acute leukemia, one patient with hypersplenia and two with bone marrow carcinoris were studied. Nine patients with leukemia were restudied during chemotheraphy. A double spin echo localization method, implemented on a 1.5 T whole body unit was used for 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A cubic (13 mm)3 voxel was chosen in a midlumbar vertebra. For chemical shift imaging (CSI) the SENEX sequence was used. We recorded fat and water images in a representative midsagittal plane. Patients with acute leukemia and hypercellular bone marrow a severe reduction or loss bone marrow fat signal and an increased water signal. Water T1 increaed during therapy in three patients. The bone marrow fat reappeared in the spectra and chemical shift images within 2 or 3 weeks in responders and remained unchanged or reappeared later in non-responders. A normal fat signal could be detected in leukemic patients without hypercellular bone marrow. Specificity was missing for 1H MRS and CSI; marrow carcinosis and benign stimulation (hypersplenia) could not be seperated from leukemia. In clinical routine, CSI may have advantages over 1H MRS, because a large anatomic field can be examined. Inhomogenous fat signal distrbutions can be detected and were seen in sveral cases during therapy. 1H MRS and CSI allow non-invasive therapy monitoring of leukemic patients adn might be of prognostic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Ciclosporin ; Graft-versus-host-disease ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1982 and 1986 51 patients were treated with ciclosporin a (CSA) to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Major side effects of the drug were tremor, hypertension, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Acute GvHD 0° to II° occurred in 80% of our patients, and GvHD III° and IV° in 20% despite the use of CSA. Two to four days before the onset of GvHD, CSA serum levels were significantly lower on the average in patients who developed GvHD III° and IV° compared to the others. Our data indicate that plasma CSA concentrations higher than 250 ng/ml should be achieved to reduce the severity of GvHD after BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. A140 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Cytomegalovirus infection ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Graft-versus-host disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HCMV infection diagnosed by the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in blood, urine and skin biopsies of patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) correlated with the reconstitution of peripheral blood lymphocytes and dermal immunohistological alterations to evaluate the interaction of viral infection with the recovery of the immune system, as well as with the induction or aggravation of graftversus-host disease (GVHD). In a prospective study 73% of 63 patients showed viremia at a median time of 25 days after BMT. Only 44% of these cases that also presented with a higher frequency of acute GVHD symptoms developed HCMB disease later on. In the skin, similar immunohistological alternations, as well as frequent primary local HCMV infection before the development of cutaneous signs of GVHD, was found, suggesting the direct involvement of anti-HCMV immune responses in the induction of GVHD-associated organ lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Myelodysplasic syndrome ; Leukemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Bone marrow biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 47-year-old male patient with myelodysplasia showed increasing values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (up to 3500 units/l) and an increasing blast count. Several biopsies (taken from the posterior iliac crest) revealed marked hypocellularity. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging of the marrow demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution of marrow with hypocellular and also large hypercellular areas not detected by cytological and histological analysis. A location for biopsy of hypercellular marrow was provided by T1-weighted and water-selective magnetic resonance imaging. The findings in the patient were compared with those in a matched healthy volunteer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Bone marrow transplantation ; Bone marrow characterization ; Hematopoietic bone marrow ; Hemosiderosis ; Magnetic resonance ; MR imaging ; MR chemical shift imaging ; MR 1H localized spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Magnetic resonance (MR) has become a new tool for noninvasive characterization of bone marrow in patients with hematological disorders in the past few years. Experiences gained from 1H MR imaging and spectroscopic investigations in 48 healthy volunteers and more than 130 patients with hematological disorders are reported and interpreted. Twenty-four of the patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) before the MR examinations. The findings in these studies provided noninvasive characterization and monitoring of vertebral marrow after BMT. Specifically, MR techniques were found to be suitable for studies of different aspects in physiological and pathological alterations of bone marrow: The water content within the marrow can be analyzed by chemical-shift selective-imaging techniques with good spatial resolution. Spectroscopic methods also allow more sensitive quantification of the signal fractions, as well as separate evaluation of the relaxation times of water and lipids. Relaxometry might be useful to characterize the cellular and extracellular portions of water molecules. Furthermore, the distribution of the magnetic field within small-volume elements of vertebral marrow can be measured. The field distribution is influenced by the trabecular density and the composition of the marrow. High amounts of hemosiderin in the marrow result in clearly broadened field distributions, demonstrated by increasing line widths in MR proton spectra. Magnetic resonance techniques can be used to assess not only the cellularity of the bone marrow, but also metabolic alterations in this compartment which result from cytotoxic treatment or immunological processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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