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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research 28 (1984), S. 221-229 
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 154 (1989), S. 342-348 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 210 (1993), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 195 (1992), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 158 (1989), S. 321-324 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. II18 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Adhäsionsmolekül – T-Zelle – Multiple-Skerlose – Experimentelle autoimmune Enzephalomyelitis (EAE) – Blut-Hirn-Schranke ; Key words Cell adhesion molecule – T cell – multiple sclerosis – experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) – blood brain barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Until recently, the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered to be an immunologically privileged site, where the highly specialized endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) allows no entry of circulating lymphocytes. However, during inflammation in the CNS, mononuclear cells readily gain access to the CNS parenchyme. The molecular mechanisms involved in lymphocyte recruitment across the BBB have been mostly studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the prototype model for human inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS such as multiple sclerosis (MS). As endothelial cells actively participate in the regulation of lymphocyte entry into various tissues, it is likely that the specialization of the BBB endothelium extends to CNS-specific traffic signals involved in lymphocyte recruitment. Identification of the traffic signals mediating entry of lymphocytes into the CNS is likely to be of great clinical importance, as blocking the responsible molecules possibly offers new specific routes of treatment of CNS inflammatory diseases. Such a therapeutic regime, however, is not yet available. Rather, acute MS is often treated with high dose glucocorticoids. Current evidence for a possible role of glucocorticoids in regulating the expression of adhesion molecules and thus inhibiting T cell recruitment across the BBB is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bis vor kurzem galt das Zentralnervensystem (ZNS) als ein immunprivilegiertes Organ, d. h., ein Organ das keiner Immunüberwachung unterliegt. Man ging davon aus, dass die hochspezialisierte endotheliale Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) eine unüberwindbare Barriere für zirkulierende Lymphozyten darstellt. Während entzündlicher Prozesse im ZNS erhalten jedoch zahlreiche mononukleäre Zellen Zugang zum ZNS Parenchym. Die molekularen Mechanismen der Rekrutierung von Lymphozyten durch die BHS wurden bislang vorwiegend im Tiermodell der experimentellen autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis (EAE) studiert. Die EAE ist das beste derzeit verfügbare Modell für humane entzündliche demyelinisierende Erkrankungen des ZNS wie der Multiplen Sklerose (MS). Da Endothelzellen aktiv den Eintritt von Lymphozyten in Organe regulieren, kann man davon ausgehen, dass das spezialisierte BHS-Endothel spezifische Rezeptoren, die als “Verkehrssignale” für zirkulierende Leukozyten dienen, exprimiert. Die Identifizierung dieser BHS-spezifischen “Verkehrssignale” ist von großer klinischer Bedeutung, da ihre Blockade eine selektive Inhibition einer im ZNS ablaufenden Entzündungsreaktion erlauben würde. Eine solche Therapie steht zur Zeit noch nicht zur Verfügung. Vielmehr wird die akute MS mit hochdosierten Glukokortikoiden therapiert. Die bislang vorliegenden Evidenzen, dass der Erfolg der Glukokortikoidtherapie auf der Inhibition der Expression von Adhäsionsmolekülen und somit der Inhibition der Lymphozyten-Rekrutierung durch die BHS beruht, wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), 8D3 (IgG2a), that specifically recognizes the murine transferrin receptor (TfR) was produced by immunizing a Lewis rat with a polyoma middle T oncogene-transformed endothelioma cell line. The 8D3 mAb was obtained by immunohistochemical screening for exclusive staining of vessels forming a blood–brain barrier (BBB), but not of other vessels. The anti-TfR mAb 8D3 recognizes the TfR also in FACS analysis and in western blots and should prove to be useful for affinity purification of the TfR. Whereas 8D3 brightly stains BBB-forming vessels in the central nervous system of mice, it does not stain the fenestrated capillaries within the choroid plexus and the circumventricular organs. In testis, where the blood–tissue barrier is located at the level of the Sertoli cells, the 8D3 mAb specifically stains Sertoli cells but not endothelial cells. Finally, in vitro, 8D3 does not interfere with iron uptake of lymphocytes as it does not influence their proliferation. Taken together, 8D3 represents a versatile new tool to study the tissue distribution of the murine TfR and TfR-mediated transcytosis across tissue barriers in the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Choroid plexus ; ICAM-1 ; VCAM-1 ; MAdCAM-1 ; Experimental autoimmune ; Encephalomyelitis ; Mouse (SJL/N)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MAdCAM-1 in the choroid plexus is indicative of a role of this structure in the communication of the immune system with the central nervous system (CNS). In order to gain further insight into the possible functions of adhesion molecules expressed in the choroid plexus, we investigated the exact ultrastructural localization of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 on semithin and ultrathin cryosections of the choroid plexus of healthy mice and of mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the healthy choroid plexus VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, but not MAdCAM-1, could be detected on the apical surface of the choroid plexus epithelial cells. During EAE, immunoreactivity for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was dramatically increased. Additionally, apical expression of MAdCAM-1 was observed on individual choroid plexus epithelial cells during EAE. At the same time, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 were never present on the endothelial cells of the fenestrated capillaries within the choroid plexus. The polar expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 on the apical surface of choroid plexus epithelial cells, which form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, implies a previously unappreciated function of this barrier in the immunosurveillance of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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