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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of III-V nitride thin films (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 2984-2988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of III-V nitride semiconductors (AlN, GaN, InN), mixed-crystalline films (AlxIn1−xN), and multilayered films (GaN/InN)n were grown by rf magnetron sputtering at low substrate temperatures below 500 °C. These films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, optical absorption, and electrical measurements; it was proved that they have high crystal quality comparable to the previously reported data obtained by other growth methods. Dependence of the band-gap energy of AlxIn1−xN on composition x was determined. Multilayered films of (GaN/InN) were prepared for the first time; these films showed the characteristic diffusion property to make an ordered-alloy superlattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344181
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling Bloch lines and domain chopping for multiple stripes aligned in parallel (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3171-3173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Controlling vertical Bloch line (VBL) position and stripe domain chopping in multiple stripe domains, aligned in parallel by a period of 12 μm, are studied experimentally using a 5-μm bubble garnet film. Patterned high coercive-force CoPt films aligned in parallel are used for stabilizing the stripe domain. During the stripe stretching process, the VBL motion at the stripe head was controlled by the dc conductor current to get two different wall states: one with a VBL at the stripe head and the other without VBL. Stripe chopping experiments for VBL detection have been performed using hairpin and meandering conductors. We found that the meandering conductor presents excellent characteristics; the bias field margin and the chopping pulse amplitude margin are 58 Oe±6% and 133 mA±11%, respectively, for one stripe. VBL generation by the meandering conductor has also been studied using the same sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340856
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bloch line propagation with film thickness modulation bit patterns (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5767-5767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bloch line (BL) propagation with a field-access scheme is necessary for the memory with low power consumption and high storage density. Previously we reported the field-access propagation using Co-Pt bit patterns.1 In these propagation patterns, (a) the drive field margins depend on the BL propagating direction to the magnetized direction of Co-Pt patterns and (b) the operating bias field margins are different at each corner of the stripe domain. The purpose of this paper is to solve these two problems. A new propagation method has been investigated using film thickness modulation patterns.2 The materials used here were magnetic bubble garnet films with composition of (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12. Fundamental characteristics of the samples are as follows: saturation induction 4πMs 200 G, anisotropy field Hk 1700 Oe, stripe width w and thickness h 5 μm. The thickness modulation patterns with an amplitude of about 1000 A were fabricated with the ion milling method. The stripe domains were stabilized around the 100% etched grooves, and aligned with 18 μm period. BL pair was propagated in the all part of the stripe domain walls at 500 kHz frequency, applying the triangular bias pulsed field with 50 ns rise time and 1000 ns fall time. As the result of the experiments, it has been found that the drive field margins are independent of BL propagation direction and the difference in the operating bias field margins at the each corner of the stripe domain becomes smaller. The BL propagation around the stripe domain was achieved with 5% bias field margin at the drive field of 8.5 Oe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347869
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber scintillator/streak camera detector for burn history measurement in inertial confinement fusion experiment : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To measure the burn history in an inertial confinement fusion experiment, we have developed a new neutron detector based on plastic scintillation fibers. Twenty-five fiber scintillators were arranged in a geometry compensation configuration by which the time-of-flight difference of the neutrons is compensated by the transit time difference of light passing through the fibers. Each fiber scintillator is spliced individually to an ultraviolet optical fiber that is coupled to a streak camera. We have demonstrated a significant improvement of sensitivity compared with the usual bulk scintillator coupled to a bundle of the same ultraviolet fibers. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147667
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved two-dimensional monochromatic imaging of laser-imploded plasma : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 817-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To prepare a new diagnostic tool for the laser-imploded plasma, we have developed a time-resolved, two-dimensional monochromatic imaging system that consists of a pinhole array, a flat diffraction crystal, and an x-ray streak camera without cathode slit. We have successfully reconstructed time-resolved two-dimensional images of an Ar resonance line emitted from an imploded plastic shell filled with D2/Ar mixture gas. The current system provides the temporal resolution of ∼24 ps and the spatial resolution of ∼16 μm for the direction perpendicular to the spectral dispersion. The spatial resolution parallel to the spectral dispersion is ≤27 μm, that depends on the crystal broadening and the spectral linewidth. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147697
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of a global motion on field-reversed configuration (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An n=1 mode global motion on a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is observed by means of a newly developed optical system. The deviation of the FRC from the coil axis reaches 20%–40% of the plasma radius. In order to push back the FRC to the equilibrium position, a multipole field (quadrupole or hexapole field) is applied. The n=1 motion can be easily controlled by the quadrupole field, the critical field strength of which is required to be about 15% of the confinement field. It is found that the n=2 rotational instability can also be stabilized by strength of the same order. The critical strength for the n=1 motion is theoretically obtained from a model such that the driving energy of the motion given at the formation phase balances with the work done by the multipole field. The theoretical estimation agrees within a factor of 2 with the experimental results. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1416880
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of sphingomyelin during the development of dorsal and tail epidermis of mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The water permeability barrier of the stratum corneum seems to be regulated primarily by lamellar bodies situated between the corneocytes; the lamellar bodies originate largely from polar lipid precursors, mainly sphingomyelin (SM), provided by the cells of the stratum granulosum via exocytosis of their lamellar body content. Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the cellular distribution of SM during development of the epidermis. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of SM in both adult and fetal mouse skin by a cytochemical detection method, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, using anti-SM antibody, a specific binding protein to SM (lysenin), and Nile red stain. In addition, we measured transepidermal water loss to estimate the barrier function of the fetal skin. Results We observed that SM was widely distributed from the basal layer to the granular layer in the adult mouse epidermis. An intense cytochemical reaction for SM was observed on embryonic day E14·5 of gestation just before the differentiation of the granular and squamous cells from the intermediate cells. The immunofluorescence indicating SM was detected in two regions, i.e. the most superficial zone of the granular layer and the upper spinous layer after the cell differentiation at the late gestational age. This distribution was not detected by conventional lipid staining, such as with Nile red stain. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that SM was mainly localized in the intercellular spaces of the adult mouse epidermis and in the intracellular vesicles without a complete lamellar structure in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells of E14·5 fetuses. It is well known that the formation of the structurally mature cornified cell envelope occurs at E15·5 of development. The skin of fetuses at E16·5 showed a definite barrier function. Conclusions These findings suggest that SM dynamics is related to the formation of the lipid envelope, cell differentiation, and epidermal barrier function during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04489.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: prevalence and epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Japan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Asian populations is reported to be lower than that in Western populations. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of the disease is increasing, especially in Japan. Endoscopic studies show that the overall prevalence of reflux oesophagitis among the adult population in Japan is in the region of 14–16%. This is similar to the figure reported in Western countries. The increasing prevalence in Japan may be due to a number of factors including increasing awareness of the condition and improved diagnostic techniques. The majority of the diagnosed cases in Japan are mild and these account for the increase in prevalence of the condition. In contrast to the West, where the condition is more prevalent in male members of the population, there is a high incidence of GERD in elderly females in Japan. The increased incidence of kyphosis and osteoporosis in this population may lead to the development of hiatus hernia, a condition known to exacerbate the development of reflux disease. Furthermore, Japanese patients with endoscopically diagnosed GERD appear to be less likely to complain of typical reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and acid reflux than their Western counterparts. In view of the known relationship between asymptomatic GERD and the development of oesophageal cancers there is a strong case for increased vigilance in the detection of GERD in the Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02220.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antioxidative agents on apoptosis induced by ischaemia-reperfusion in rat intestinal mucosa (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background & aim : We have previously demonstrated that ischaemia-reperfusion induces apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate that reactive oxygen species enhanced intestinal apoptosis after ischaemia-reperfusion, we examined whether antioxidants reduced apoptosis.Methods : Rats were infused through a duodenal tube with antioxidative agents, glutathione, rebamipide and dymethylsulfoxide during 2 h before an ischaemic insult. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Apoptosis was evaluated by percentage fragmented DNA (fragmented DNA/total DNA) and immunochemical staining.Results : Increase in apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa after ischaemia-reperfusion was attenuated by intraduodenal infusion of antioxidative agents, but was not completely abolished.Conclusion : Scavenging effects of the antioxidative agents attenuated increases in intestinal apoptosis, indicating that oxidative stress after ischaemia-reperfusion plays an important role in induction of apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.16.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delivery of Solutes in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Central Neurons via “Paravascular” Fluid Pathways in the Central Nervous System (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 529 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb51484.x
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