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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and antiglobulin preparations obtained from such sera, inhibition of human lymphocyte cytotoxicity in antibody-dependent (ADCC) and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) reactions against an allogeneic melanoma cell line (IGR3) has been demonstrated. Fractionation of effector cell preparations indicated that Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes were operative in both reactions. Removal of phagocytic and adherent cells from the effector cell population resulted in more pronounced inhibition of SCMC and ADCC reactions by rheumatoid sera. The results indicate that anti-globulin preparations from human sera containing rheumatoid factor activity can effectively block the cytotoxic activity of Fc-receptor-bearing effector lymphocytes (K cells) in vitro. On analogy with the inhibition of ADCC and SCMC reactions by immune complexes and aggregated IgG, antiglobulin complexes present in the antiglobulin preparations are responsible for this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus test ; Leucocytosis ; Liver cirrhosis ; Septicemia ; Endotoxin ; Limulus Test ; Leukozytose ; Leberzirrhose ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die fragliche Spezifität des Limulus Amebozyten Lysat (LAL) Testes bei der Diagnose der Endotoxinaemie stellt einen limitierenden Faktor für seinen klinischen Einsatz dar. Mit Hilfe eines Femtogramm-sensitiven spektrophotometrischen LAL Testes zeigten 35 von 36 septischen postoperativen Patienten eine gute Korrelation (fast 100%) zwischen positiven LAL Testen und Blutkultur positiven gram-negativen Bakteriaemien. 20 Patienten dieser Gruppe zeigten eine signifikante Korrelation (2p〈0.05) zwischen erhöhten Leukozytenzahlen und Escherichia coli Endotoxin Äquivalenten (EcEä). Bei 22 Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und einer potentiell enterogenen Endotoxinaemie konnten LAL positive Reaktionen (100%) nachgewiesen werden, aber 9 von 22 korrelierten signifikant (2p〈0.01) zwischen Leukozytose und erhöhten EcEä. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen EcEä und Leukozytenzahlen wurde für alle Neonaten und Schwangeren (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01) festgestellt. In vitro Tests zeigten, daß Leukozyten positive LAL Tests bewirkten. Überstände der mit Ficoll sedimentierten groben Leukozyten-Präparationen induzierten eine LAL Positivität in einer dosisabhängigen Form, während alle Reagentien per se, die für die Präparation gebraucht wurden, negativ waren. Diese Arbeit legt die Vermutung nahe, daß hitze-labile Faktoren von Leukozyten neben Endotoxin für positive LAL Reaktionen verantwortlich sind.
    Notes: Summary The question of specificity of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test in the diagnosis of endotoxemia has been a limiting factor of its clinical application. Using a femtogram-sensitive spectrophotometric LAL assay 35 of 36 septic postoperative patients showed an excellent correlation (almost 100%) between positive LAL tests and culture-proven gramnegative bacteremia. Twenty patients of this group demonstrated a significant correlation (2p〈0.05) between elevated total white blood cell counts and Escherichia coli Endotoxin equivalents (EcEe). All 22 liver cirrhotic patients with potentially enteric endotoxemia yielded LAL positive reactions (100%) but 9 of 22 correlated significantly as to leucocytosis and elevated EcEe (2p〈0.01). A significant correlation between EcEe and leucocyte counts was found for all neonates and all parturients respectively (2p〈0.001, 2p〈0.01). In vitro tests showed that leucocytes gave positive LAL tests. Supernates of a Ficoll sedimented crude leucocyte preparations, induced LAL positivity in a dose dependent manner, while all reagents per se used in the preparation, were negative. This study suggests that heat-labile factors from leucocytes apart from endotoxin are responsible for positive LAL reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 986-991 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Limulus amebocyte lysate test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with severe underlying disease and in polytraumatized patients, clinical signs of septicemia caused by infections with gram-negative bacteria are observed postoperatively with increasing frequency. Using a photometric LAL test, a longitudinal assessment of LAL reactivity on 41 intensive care patients was performed. Postoperatively, all patients developed a septicemia of different severity with body temperatures 〉38.5° C. Dividing the individual disease course, related to body temperatures, into three phases (A-C) it was found that independent of the severity of septicemia, the majority of patients (38/41) yielded a positive LAL reactivity. In phase B (body temperature 〉38.5° C) more plasma samples contained LAL-reactive material than in phase A and C (body temperature 〈38.5° C). A decline of fever (phase B to C) correlated significantly (P 〈 0.05) with the change from positive to negative LAL reactivity. In patients with high leukocyte counts (15–50 × 109/l) a positive LAL reactivity was found more frequently. The majority of patients (21/27) who survived were transferred with negative LAL reactivity to the general wards. The results suggest that single determinations of LAL reactivity are of limited clinical validity. Using the individual profile of LAL reactivity gained through a longitudinal assessment, data upon the development of the disease course can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 601-606 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: IgG-Antiglobuline ; Immunadsorptionstechnik ; Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Chronische Lebererkrankung ; IgG-Antiglobulins ; Immunoadsorbent technique ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Chronic liver disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Antiglobulin factors of the IgG class were measured in human sera by a modified immunoadsorbent-technique involving absorption to and elution from insoluble preparations of horse IgG. 32 mg of horse IgG insolubilized with bisdiazotized benzidine were used for quantitative immunoadsorption of IgG antiglobulins from 100 µl serum. Different IgG-antiglobulin concentrations could be obtained in two control groups differing in age. Elevated IgG-antiglobulins levels were found both in seropositive (mean value 23.21±7.08 µg/ml serum) and seronegative (mean value 20.06±8.39 µg/ml serum) RA patients. High values of IgG-antiglobulins were found in chronic liver disorders, particularly in the group of CAH patients (mean value 25.10±6.1 µg/ml serum).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Antiglobuline der IgG-Klasse wurden in humanen Seren mit Hilfe einer modifizierten Immunadsorptionstechnik, die Adsorption an und Elution von unlöslichen Pferde-IgG-Präparationen beinhaltet, gemessen. 32 mg eines bis-diazotierten Pferde-IgG-Polymerisats wurden verwandt für die quantitative Immunadsorption von IgG-Antiglobulinen aus 100 µl Serum. In zwei Kontrollgruppen mit Altersunterschieden konnten unterschiedliche IgG-Antiglobulinkonzentrationen nachgewiesen werden. Erhöhte IgG-Antiglobulinspiegel wurden sowohl bei seropositiven (Mittelwert 23,21±7,08 µg/ml Serum) als auch bei seronegativen (Mittelwert 20.06±8,39 µg/ml Serum) Patienten mit chronischer Polyarthritis gefunden. Hohe IgG-Antiglobulinwerte wurden bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen festgestellt, besonders bei Patienten mit chronisch aktiver Hepatitis (Mittelwert 25,10±6,1 µg/ml Serum).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Lipopolysacchariden (LPS), Lipid A und Interferon auf die zell-vermittelte Zytotoxizität wurde mit51Cr-markierten K-562 Tumor-Zielzellen untersucht. Als Effektorzellen dienten nach Ficoll-Gradientenzentrifugation gewonnene mononukleäre Zellen aus dem peripheren Blut gesunder Spender. Mononukleäre Phagozyten (MP) wurden durch Phagozytose mit Eisenspänen und Plastikadhärenz eliminiert. Eine T-Zell angereicherte Population wurde nach der Passage der von mononukleären Phagozyten depletierten mononukleären Zellen über Nylonwolle Säulen erhalten. LPS und Lipid A steigerten die zell-vermittelte Zytotoxizität, vorausgesetzt MP waren vorhanden. Überstände von LPS-vorbehandelten mononukleären Phagozyten und T-Zellen verstärkten die durch mononukleäre Phagozyten vermittelte Zytotoxizität zu einem stärkeren Ausmaß als LPS und Lipid A alleine. Dieser Befund läßt an die Teilnahme eines Lymphokins denken. Im Gegensatz dazu steigerte die Interferonpräparation die zell-vermittelte Zytotoxizität von mononukleären Phagozyten enthaltenden und von mononukleären Phagozyten depletierten Effektorzellen. Hierbei wird die Teilnahme natürlicher Killerzellen als Effektoren vermutet.
    Notes: Summary The effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipid A and interferon on cell-mediated cytotoxicity was investigated using51Cr-labeled K-562 tumor cells as targets. As effectors, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors were obtained by Ficoll gradient centrifugation: mononuclear phagocytes were eliminated by iron phagocytosis and plastic adherence. A T cell-enriched population was obtained by passing mononuclear phagocyte-depleted mononuclear cells through nylon wool columns. LPS and lipid A augmented cell-mediated cytotoxicity provided mononuclear phagocytes were present. Supernatants from LPS-treated mononuclear phagocytes and T cells enhanced mononuclear phagocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to a higher degree than LPS and lipid A alone. This finding suggests the participation of a lymphokine. In contrast, the interferon preparation increased the cell-mediated cytotoxicity both of mononuclear phagocyte-containing and of mononuclear phagocyte-depleted effectors. Here, the participation of natural killer cells as effectors is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 117-118 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lipid A, Endotoxin ; Enzym-Immunoassay ; ELISA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324 (1986), S. 367-367 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 311 (1982), S. 360-361 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 320 (1985), S. 719-720 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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