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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1 (1999), S. S92 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumsalter ; MRI ; Beckenfraktur ; Wirbelsäulenfraktur ; Key words Childhood ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pelvic fracture ; Spinal injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract According to the literature, from 1950 to 1995 the overall risk for children of sustaining a fracture of the spinal column or the pelvic ring doubled, the main reason being the increasing incidence of high-energy trauma caused by newly popular sporting activities such as skateboarding, inline skating and mountain biking. Nonetheless, even specialized pediatric level I trauma centers in Europe and the United States of America report an incidence of below 5% for severe spinal injuries and fractures of the pelvis. Although these specific injury patters are seen relatively infrequently, whenever present they are still highly indicative of high-velocity injury mechanisms, frequently revealing a combination of injuries – each of which would be serious in itself – involving the body cavities and the soft tissues of the trunk an extremities. In summary, spinal cord injuries and pelvic ring fractures are rare but can be serious: cervical and spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormality appear to be more frequent than in adults, and the availability of nuclear magnetic imaging technologies has helped in the diagnosis of unsuspected cord injury in children. In addition, retrospective analysis of purely nonoperative management of highly unstable C-type injuries of the spine and the pelvic ring reveal some unsatisfactory results, so that specifically for these injury morphologies the alternative of an operative strategy might be considered. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss various injury patterns in which an operative concept could be considered, particularly for a multiply injured child.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verletzungen des Rückenmarks und Sprengungen des knöchernen Beckenrings liegen im Kindesalter auch im Krankengut spezialisierter Zentren unter 5%. Besonders beachtenswert erscheint hierbei, daß Rückenmark- und besonders Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen v. a. beim Kind häufig keine ossäre Mitbeteiligung der Wirbelsäule zeigen und erst durch kernspintomographische Diagnostik erfaßt werden können. Desgleichen zeigt sich bei der retrospektiven Auswertung, daß ein pauschales, rein konservatives Management aller Verletzungstypen, d. h. v.a. der sog. C-Verletzungstypen an der Wirbelsäule und am Becken, z. T. unbefriedigende Behandlungsergebnisse zeigt und daher zunehmend bei bestimmten, im weiteren näher besprochenen Verletzungskonstellationen ein eher operatives Grundkonzept diskutiert wird. Neue Erkenntnisse zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Wirbelsäulen- und Beckenverletzung beim Kind liegen insofern vor, als 1. neuere epidemiologische Erhebungen heute eine präzisere, d. h. nicht nur empirisch gesicherte Unterscheidung der selten von eher regelmäßig anzutreffenden Verletzungstypen und Frakturmorphologien erlauben, 2. durch vergleichsweise „neue“ Sportarten wie „Scate-boarding“ und „Mountain-biking“ ganz generell eine statistisch belegte Zunahme von Hochrasanztraumen und komplexen Verletzungsmustern beim Kind beobachtet werden kann sowie 3. generell v.a. beim mehrfachverletzten Kind heute eine eher aggressivere Gangart, d. h. ein in bestimmten Einzelaspekten eher operatives Versorgungskonzept angestrebt wird. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind 1. eine Analyse der als besonders bedeutsam erkannten Verletzungsformen sowie 2. eine Darstellung der heute in Veränderung begriffenen Behandlungskonzepte v.a. beim mehrfachverletzten Kind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 1109-1112 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Xanthine oxidase ; Tourniquet ; Reperfusion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the current study we evaluated effluent blood from extremities of human patients undergoing reconstructive surgical treatment which is routinely accompanied by upper extremity exsanguination and application of a tourniquet. Following tourniquet release (reperfusion), there were immediate increases in the plasma levels of xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid, and histamine. Xanthine dehydrogenase activity was not detectable. Plasma also contained products consistent with the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals, namely hemoglobin and fluorescent compounds. Our data indicate in humans that ischemia-reperfusion events are associated with the appearance of xanthine oxidase activity and it's products in the plasma effluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1 (1999), S. S80 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumsalter ; Frakturen ; Untere Extremität ; Key words Growth phase ; Fractures ; Lower extremity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In recent years operative therapy concepts have become increasingly accepted for the treatment of fractures sustained during the years of growth, since for one thing methods are available that seldom lead to complications and for another conservative treatment methods that take a long time are also less well accepted by children. The method of elastic-stable medullary splinting has led to an expansion of the operative treatment options for injuries to the lower extremity in recent years. The results of this technique applied for shaft fractures must be measured against the good results obtained with internal fixation with plates for the treatment of fractures. For up-to-date treatment of fractures of the lower extremity it can be accepted that: (1) Joint fractures should be anatomically reduced and securely retained. This aim can generally not be achieved except by open reduction and stabilization with screws or internal fixation with wires. (2) In the case of fractures of the shaft of the femur the indications for internal fixation should be generously interpreted. In children under the age of 10 years with a single trauma and a stable type of fracture intramedullary internal fixation after Prevot is a good method. In older children and in children with an unstable fracture type and in the presence of multiple trauma internal fixation with plates is regarded as the standard procedure. In view of the complications it can cause, use of a fixateur externe is only recommended for children with multiple trauma. (3) Fractures of the lower leg remain the domain of conservative treatment. In the case of fracture types in which retainment is difficult, especially close to a joint, internal fixation with plates might be discussed. For complex fractures and polytrauma the fixateur externe remains the preferred method. Medullary cavity splinting can be regarded as an alternative to this for stable fractures in children under 10 years old.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Behandlung von Frakturen im Wachstumsalter haben sich in den letzten Jahren vermehrt operative Therapiekonzepte durchgesetzt, da zum einen komplikationsarme Methoden zur Verfügung stehen und zum anderen langwierige konservative Behandlungswege auch bei Kindern weniger Akzeptanz finden. Bei der Versorgung von Verletzungen an der unteren Extremität hat die Methode der elastisch-stabilen Markraumschienung in den letzten Jahren zu einer Erweiterung der operativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten geführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Technik bei Schaftfrakturen müssen sich an den guten Resultaten der Frakturversorgung mit Plattenosteosynthesen messen lassen. Als aktuelles Behandlungskonzept bei Frakturen an der unteren Extremität kann gelten: 1. Gelenkfrakturen sind anatomisch zu reponieren und sicher zu retinieren. Dieses Ziel kann in der Regel nur durch offene Reposition und Stabilisierung mit Schrauben- bzw. Bohrdrahtosteosynthese erreicht werden. 2. bei Schaftfrakturen am Oberschenkel ist die Indikation zur Osteosynthese großzügig zu stellen. Bei monotraumatisierten Kindern unter 10 Jahren mit stabilen Frakturtypen ist die intramedulläre Osteosynthese nach Prevot ein gutes Verfahren. Bei älteren Kindern und bei instabilen Frakturtypen sowie beim Polytrauma gilt die Plattenosteosynthese als Standardverfahren. Der Fixateur externe ist aufgrund seiner Komplikationen nur bei polytraumatisierten Kindern zu empfehlen. 3. Unterschenkelfrakturen bleiben eine Domäne der konservativen Behandlung. Bei schlecht retinierbaren Frakturtypen, v. a. in Gelenknähe, ist eine Plattenosteosynthese zu diskutieren. Bei offenen Frakturen und beim Polytrauma bleibt der Fixateur externe das bevorzugte Verfahren. Die Markraumschienung kann bei stabilen Frakturen bei Kindern unter 10 Jahren als eine Alternative angesehen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 308-315 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Rat ICAM-1 — Anti-ICAM-1 — Protein expression — Lung inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: We expressed soluble rat ICAM-1, generated a polyclonal anti-ICAM-1 antibody, and studied ICAM-1 upregulation in lung inflammatory conditions. Bacterial and baculovirus expression systems were employed.¶Material: 250 g adult, male Long Evans rats were used. For in vitro studies, rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC), rat alveolar macrophages and aortic rings were stimulated (as described below) and evaluated for ICAM-1 expression.¶Treatment: RPAEC and macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant murine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). In vivo immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune complex-induced lung injury was employed.¶Methods: Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) Western and Northern blot analyses and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. All experiments were done at least in duplicate. Data were analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t-test.¶Results: ICAM-1 expression of RPAEC was time- and dose-dependent, peaking at 6 h after LPS-stimulation. LPS and TNFα each enhanced ICAM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages (reaching a maximum at 2 h). In IgG immune complex-induced lung injury, ICAM-1 mRNA isolated from whole lung peaked at 4 h, while lung ICAM-1 protein peaked at 6 h.¶Conclusions: Quantitation of ICAM-1 expression in vitro and in vivo suggests that ICAM-1 plays a central role in two lung inflammatory models. Furthermore, lung ICAM-1 upregulation involves at least two cell types: vascular endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1996), S. 15-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Insulin dependent diabetes ; Austrian ; Young cohort ; Population based mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract All Austrian patients with insulin dependent diabetes diagnosed between 1979 and 1990 and age at onset below 15 years were followed from manifestation until death or until 31 December 1990 by cross linking the diabetes registry data with the National Mortality database (death certificates). Out of the cohort consisting of 1185 cases, 6 had died during the study period, resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 1.53 for the total cohort. Of the patients 50% died due to acute diabetic complications including 2 children at onset of the disease. The risk for premature death in this cohort of very young insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients was only slightly increased. In comparison to previous studies it is rather low, but comparable to recent investigations in northern Europe. Conclusion Although the mortality of diabetic children and adolescents in Austria is only marginally higher than in nondiabetics, there are still deaths which should be preventable in this age group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 528-529 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Pro Jahr werden in Österreich zwischen 111 und 121 Vulvakarzinome gemeldet. Auch die altersstandardisierte Inzidenz zeigt im Bundesländer-Vergleich große Unterschiede. Fast 90% sind in der Altersgruppe 60–80 Jahre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 250 (1991), S. 168-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 77 (1972), S. 269-273 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1968 wurde anhand einer retrospektiven Studie von 515 operierten und pathologisch-histologisch befundeten Hypernephrompatienten mehrerer urologischer Abteilungen Österreichs ein Klassifikationsschema für Nierentumoren auf der Grundlage des TNM-Systems vorgeschlagen. Dieses Schema wurde nun an 251 Hypernephrompatienten angewendet. Im wesentlichen fanden sich dabei der 1. Studie gleichsinnige Ergebnisse, womit die Anwendbarkeit und Zweckmäßigkeit dieses erweiterten TNM-Systems für Nierentumoren bestätigt erscheint.
    Notes: Summary In 1968 a classification scheme for renal tumors based on the TNM-classification system was proposed by means of a retrospective study on 515 operated and pathohistologically examined patients with hypernephroma of several urological departments in Austria. This scheme was now used, partly in prospective way, on 251 hypernephroma patients of one urological department with particularly exact documentation of pathohistological findings. In general comparable results were seen as in the first study. Thus the applicability and usefulness of this extented TNM-classification system for renal tumors seems to be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 251 (1994), S. 52-56 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cancer ; Epidemiology ; Head and neck ; Lung ; Esophagus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In eastern Austria, mortality from cancer of the mouth and pharynx, larynx, esophagus and lung between 1960 and 1989 developed differently by site and gender. In males, a decrease in lung cancer contrasted with an increase in mouth/pharynx cancer, while rates for cancer of the larynx and esophagus changed only slightly. At all sites, similar double-wave shaped cohort effects were discernible, with a period of decreasing risk separating two periods of increasing risks. The extents of these cohort effects, especially in the later rise of mouth/pharynx neoplasms, shaped the respective mortality curves. In females, lung cancer was found to increase over the whole period, while mouth/pharynx cancer increased during the last decade with risks increasing from cohort to cohort. Larynx rates became somewhat greater during the last two decades. Esophageal cancer demonstrated a steady decrease. For tobacco-related cancers, deglutitional sites were affected in a growing proportion. The combined topical effects of tobacco and alcohol suggest an increasing influence of the co-factor alcohol upon the occurrence of upper aerodigestive cancers in eastern Austria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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