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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Italy: an OGTT-based population study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 306-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Population surveillance ; prevalence ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; glucose intolerance ; glucose tolerance test.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To provide complete prevalence data on diabetes mellitus in Italy (diagnosed and undiagnosed), a population survey was performed in the Health District of Cremona, a representative area of the Po river (north Italy). The survey is characterised by particular attention being paid to methodology, non-responders being investigated for possible selection biases affecting diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes prevalence estimations. Out of a population aged 44 years or older from three municipalities, a random sample of 3097 subjects was selected to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, past medical history, clinical and laboratory data were collected. A total of 1797 subjects participated (58 %), and information on known diabetes status was obtained for 2618 persons (85 %), also including 826 interviewed non-participating subjects. Overall rates were age-standardised according to the 1991 Italian census. Overall prevalence and 95 % confidence interval of diagnosed diabetes was 8.5 % (6.9–10.1) in males and 7.9 % (6.7–9.3) in females over the age of 44 years; previously undiagnosed diabetes was 2.5 % (1.4–3.6) in males and 3.4 % (2.1–4.7) in females; glucose intolerance was 7.7 % (5.7–9.7) in males and 8.9 % (7.0–10.8) in females. Total diabetes prevalence above age 44 years, developed-world age, and sex standardised, was 10.7 %. This study provides the first reliable prevalence estimation of impaired glucose tolerance, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in Italy, according to World Health Organization criteria, and one of the few figures for Southern Europe. The role of body mass index on both prevalence of diabetes and cluster of cardiovascular risk factors is considered, with implications for prevention. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 306–313]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400635
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low prevalence of islet autoimmunity in adult diabetes and low predictive value of islet autoantibodies in the general adult population of northern Italy (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 840-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type I diabetes ; Type II diabetes ; autoantibodies ; epidemiology ; prediction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To assess the prevalence of islet autoimmunity in adult-onset diabetes mellitus and the predictive value of islet autoantibodies in the general adult population of northern Italy. Methods. A sample of 2076 people aged 40 years or more participating in the population-based Cremona Study and classified in 1990 as having diabetes mellitus, impaired and normal glucose tolerance according to WHO criteria after an oral glucose tolerance test, were tested for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and IA-2. Results. Increased concentrations of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were found in 4 (2.8 %) of 143 participants with known diabetes and none of 50 with previously unknown diabetes, 1 (0.65 %) of 153 with impaired and 18 (1.0 %) of 1718 with normal glucose tolerance. The increased prevalence of these antibodies in subjects with known diabetes was not statistically significant. Protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2-antibodies were found in only four subjects, two of whom also had glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, all with normal glucose tolerance. After 8 years of follow-up, none of 21 non-diabetic subjects with either glutamic acid decarboxylase or IA-2-antibodies had developed diabetes and only a slight deterioration from normal to impaired fasting glucose was observed in 3 of 15 subjects with previous normal glucose tolerance. Conclusion/interpretation. This study has shown that in northern Italy the prevalence of adult autoimmune diabetes in the general adult population is 0.19 % (95 % CI 0.05–0.5); that autoimmune diabetes represents only a minority of all cases of adult diabetes; and that islet autoantibodies are not a high-risk factor for diabetes development in adults with normal glucose tolerance over 8 years of follow-up. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 840–844]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051235
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Italy: an OGTT-based population study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 306-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Population surveillance ; prevalence ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; glucose intolerance ; glucose tolerance test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To provide complete prevalence data on diabetes mellitus in Italy (diagnosed and undiagnosed), a population survey was performed in the Health District of Cremona, a representative area of the Po river (north Italy). The survey is characterised by particular attention being paid to methodology, non-responders being investigated for possible selection biases affecting diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes prevalence estimations. Out of a population aged 44 years or older from three municipalities, a random sample of 3097 subjects was selected to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, past medical history, clinical and laboratory data were collected. A total of 1797 subjects participated (58%), and information on known diabetes status was obtained for 2618 persons (85%), also including 826 interviewed non-participating subjects. Overall rates were age-standardised according to the 1991 Italian census. Overall prevalence and 95% confidence interval of diagnosed diabetes was 8.5% (6.9–10.1) in males and 7.9% (6.7–9.3) in females over the age of 44 years; previously undiagnosed diabetes was 2.5% (1.4–3.6) in males and 3.4% (2.1–4.7) in females; glucose intolerance was 7.7% (5.7–9.7) in males and 8.9% (7.0–10.8) in females. Total diabetes prevalence above age 44 years, developed-world age, and sex standardised, was 10.7%. This study provides the first reliable prevalence estimation of impaired glucose tolerance, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in Italy, according to World Health Organization criteria, and one of the few figures for Southern Europe. The role of body mass index on both prevalence of diabetes and cluster of cardiovascular risk factors is considered, with implications for prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400635
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of known diabetes in Lombardy, north Italy (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Capture-recapture method ; Diabetes epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diabetes epidemiology can benefit in Italy from the large network of outpatient diabetic clinics and patients' facilities. A large investigation was carried out in 1988, in a certain area of northern Italy, to estimate the prevalence of known diabetes. Using four information sources, 4547 distinct patients were identified. Through the capture-recapture method we assessed completeness and estimated a prevalence of 3.3%. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 0.8 per 1000. Italian age-standardised overall prevalence and developed-world standardised rates were 2.8% and 2.6%, respectively. A representative sample of 2358 patients was characterised through a standard questionnaire. Women were diagnosed about 6 years later than men (58.8±0.4 vs 52.9±0.4,P〈0.0001), while the duration of the disease was very similar in both sexes (9.9±0.2 vs 9.5±0.2). As regards diabetes therapy, 17.2% of the patients were on diet alone, 62.1% on oral agents and 20.6% on insulin. Among the insulin-treated subjects more than half were on adjuvant therapy with tablets, and only 6.2% were treated with 3 injections/day. Less than half of all the known diabetic subjects had had an ophthalmoscopic examination in the previous 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00576261
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First degree family history of diabetes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic subjects in the National Telephone Company: A metabolic survey (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 46-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Risk factors ; Diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of first degree family history of diabetes on known risk factors for cardiovascular disease was evaluated in 4989 non-diabetic employees of the Italian Telephone Company. Family history of diabetes was present in 759 subjects (476 males and 283 females); in these subjects body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels (fasting and one and two-hour post-load), triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly higher than in age and sex-matched controls. In different age groups (〈30, 31–40, 41–50, 〉50 years) the effect of first degree family history of diabetes was evaluated after stratification by sex. In males with first degree family history of diabetes; this effect was strongest in the under 30 age group: body mass indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting and two-hour post-load blood glucose levels, triklyceride and cholesterol levels were all significantly higher than in subjects with negative family history of diabetes. These differences between subjects with negative and positive family histories declined with age and disappeared in subjects over 50. In females the effect of familial diabetes was weaker and delayed for body mass index and one hour blood glucose, appearing only in subjects over 30. Multiple logistic analysis indicated that only body mass index and one-hour blood glucose levels were independently associated with positive family history of diabetes. The differences observed between males and females in the youngest age group were also confirmed by this analysis. These data may indicate a multifactorial genetic link leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity in subjects with diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145072
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Italy from routine data: A methodological assessment (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Known diabetes ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Hospital discharge ; Drug consumption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to identify and validate possible existing sources of information to estimate the prevalence of known diabetes and the incidence of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Italy. The prevalence of known diabetes was estimated on the basis of data on drug sale, using specific defined daily doses as index of drug consumption. The estimation of the average daily dose used for calculations was carried out on a consecutive series of 911 diabetic subjects from two outpatient clinics. The incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was obtained by processing data routinely collected by the Regional Health Services, related to hospital discharge diagnosis records mentioning diabetes mellitus. The validation was carried out in 12 hospitals of the same Region. The estimated prevalence rate of known diabetes was 1.7%, including patients on dietary treatment. In the Lombardia Region in 1982–83 the estimated annual average incidence of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, under the age of 35 was 4.6/100,000. This rate appears much lower then that observed in Northern Europe and the United States while it is similar to the French rate. This is in agreement with the findings of studies showing changes with latitude of the incidence rates of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221342
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pravastatin intervention trial on carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with mild hypercholesterolemia: the CAIUS study (1995)
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 11 (1995), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: pravastatin ; B-mode ; ultrasound ; carotid artery ; intima-media thickness ; atherosclerosis ; hypercholesterolemia ; clinical trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study (CAIUS) is a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized investigation of the effects of Pravastatin on progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in outpatients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and without symptoms or signs of coronary heart disease. Intima-Media Thickness changes of the carotid arteries will be evaluated by B-mode ultrasound imaging. This method allows the detection and monitoring of early lesions and their evolution over time. The study involves approximately 305 patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia, and at least one asymptomatic and uncomplicated early carotid artery lesion. Randomized subjects are in the age range between 45 and 65 yrs. For women a natural or artificial menopause was mandatory. The subjects were randomized to receive either a placebo or an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (Pravastin 40 mg OD), known to act selectively and primarily on liver cholesterol biosynthesis. The patient follow-up of CAIUS will have a duration of at least 36 months. Every 6 months participating subjects are being monitored by B-mode ultrasound as described in the protocol requiring training and certification of sonographers/readers and centralized reading. The study offers a unique opportunity to monitor the natural history of asymptomatic carotid lesions in hypercholesterolemic patients, as well as to evaluate the effect of a potent cholesterol-lowering medication on progression or regression of carotid atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01419825
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1977)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 21 (1977), S. 88-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01918460
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 15 (1971), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939822
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 15 (1971), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939838
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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