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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 39 (1993), S. C36 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate anti-colitic efficacy, eight cotton-top tamarins (CTTs) with histologically confirmed persistent active colitis were given the anti-inflammatory agent SC-41930 (10 mg/kg BW by gavage BID) for eight weeks. Colonic endoscopy and biopsy observations, CBCs and clinical chemistries, and stool consistency were evaluated pre-, mid-, and posttreatment. Colitic activity was graded histologically from A1 (mild) to A5 (severe); results varied among the seven animals that completed the study: five improved, one worsened, and one was unchanged. Serum enzyme levels were significantly reduced with treatment. Stool condition remained puddly throughout treatment and body weights did not vary from pretreatment levels. However, SC-41930 produced histological evidence (reduced numbers of polymorphonuclear cells) of anti-colitic efficacy over an eight-week treatment period in CTTs with persistent active colitis. These results support the use of the CTT colitis model to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic agents and provide useful predictive information to aid in the medical management of human IBD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cotton-top tamarins (CTTs) with histologically confirmed persistent and active colitis were given the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, SC-41930, (10 mg/kg BW, by gavage b.i.d.) for eight weeks. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by colonic biopsy, stool consistency and the level of the lipid mediators LTB4 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rectal dialysates. Stool consistency did not improve with treatment but did not worsen. Blood chemistry (ALT, AST, LDH) and hematological parameters neither showed any untoward effects of SC-41930 treatment nor was there any effect on body weight. In rectal dialysate LTB4 levels were significantly reduced from pretreatment level of 4.87±1.46 ng/ml to 1.07±0.67 and 2.45±0.13 ng/ml at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, and higher prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) over time. Histologically, 5/7 improved, 1/7 remained the same and 1/7 worsened. Oral SC-41930 treatment was safe and associated with an anti-colitic effect. The reduced LTB4 levels (affecting granulocyte degranulation and recruitment into tissues) and increased PGE2 (perhaps exerting a mucosal protective effect) may, in part explain the observed efficacy of this compound in active tamarin colitis. Use of the CTT model could provide insight into the inflammatory mediator contribution to idiopathic colitis and serve as a useful bridge between preclinical pharmacology and the assessment of these compounds in the medical management of human inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. C241 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A feature of human ulcerative colitis is the occurrence of extraintestinal manifestations of the disease: ankylosing spondylitis, peripheral arthropathy, iritis, iridoconjunctivitis, episcleritis and liver diseases (fatty liver, mild periportal chronic inflammation, and sclerosing cholangitis). More rarely, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic abscesses, or cirrhosis are seen. The cotton-top tamarin (CTT) develops a noninfective spontaneously occurring colitis which closely resembles human ulcerative colitis clinically, endoscopically, histologically, and in response to treatment. This study evaluated liver and joint disease in CTTs with colitis. Livers from 100 cotton-top tamarins with ulcerative colitis were examined histologically at postmortem; 40 had varied pathology: steatosis (16), hepatitis (4), and abscess (4). Four animals had excessive portal fibrosis in the absence of significant inflammation and which resembled sclerosing cholangitis. Neither skeletal radiographs of 217 CTTs, including 43 that were 〉10 yr of age, nor histological examination of synovia from 10 knees, showed abnormalities. The findings of sclerosing cholangitis-like liver abnormalities strengthen the role of the CTT as a unique animal model of human ulcerative colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Use of the CTT model provides insight into the inflammatory mediator contribution in the pathogenesis of idiopathic colitis. To evaluate anti-colitic efficacy, the leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist and anti-inflammatory agent, SC-41930, was administered (10 mg/kg BW by gavage BID) for 8 weeks to CTTs with histologically confirmed persistent and defined active colitis. The inflammatory mediators LTB4, PGE2, TXB2, and PAF were assayed in colonic dialysate that was collected after 11/2 h from four CTTs pre-, mid-, and post-treatment, frozen at −70°C, and analyzed by RIA after HPLC purification. LTB4 levels were lower at mid- and post-treatment and had little inter-animal variation post-treatment. PGE2 and PAF levels were elevated during SC-41930 treatment, but there was a trend towards lower thromboxane B2 levels. Reduced LTB4 (PMN degranulation and chemotaxis) and increased PGE2 (mucosal-protective effect) may, in part, explain the observed efficacy of SC-41930 in active tamarin colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Thrombocytopenia ; Gammaglobulin treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thrombocytopenia developed in a 21-year-old patient with sarcoidosis when corticosteroid therapy was discontinued. Platelet-associated IgGs were elevated. High-dose cortisone did not affect the thrombocytopenia. However, platelet counts remained normal for more than 1.5 years following intravenous treatment with a single course of human gammaglobulins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 13 (1969), S. 258-273 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The term “sequential selection process” is introduced — a generalized process containing many wellknown sequential decision processes, also most of the stopping rule processes. In this publication we only treat selection problems based onranks and develop suboptimal and optimal “rank-policies”. It can be shown, that the generalized solutions in this paper contain all the results for these problems given in literature, as special cases. These solutions are basic formulations for other targets, so dealing with problems based onquantitative selection variables, when distributions of the variables are unknown [Henke], or, extending known stopping rule theorems.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Terminus „sequentielle Auswahlprozesse“ eingeführt — ein verallgemeinerter Prozeß, der eine Anzahl bekannter Entscheidungsprozesse, auch innerhalb der Stoppregel-Prozesse umfaßt. In diesem Beitrag werden ausschließlich Auswahlprobleme behandelt, deren GrundlageRangmerkmale sind. Für diese verallgemeinerten Probleme wurden suboptimale und optimale Rangstrategien entwickelt. Es läßt sich zeigen, daß die allgemeinen Lösungen alle bisher in der Literatur angegebenen Lösungen dieser Probleme als Spezialfälle enthalten. Diese Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage weiterer entscheidungstheoretischer Zielsetzungen, wie: die Behandlung von Problemen beiquantitativen Auswahlgrößen, wenn über die Verteilungen der Größen nur dürftige Informationen vorliegen [Henke], oder: die Verallgemeinerung bekannter „stopping rule“-Sätze.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 15 (1971), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous colitis in CTT's presents cytological characteristics similar to chronic ulcerative colitis in humans, e.g. inflammatory cell infiltrate and crypt abscesses. To better characterize CTT colitis as a potential model for human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammatory mediators identified in colonic tissue of human IBD patients and/or experimental colitis models were assayed. Inflammatory mediator changes in plasma and colon from tamarins with acute (n=10) and chronic (n=10) colitis (by mucosal biopsy) were assayed by RIAs. Similar inflammatory mediators were found in the CTT's with acute colitis. In the plasma, PAF and PGE2 levels were lower in acute colitis CTT's, no LTB4 was detected, and histamine levels were not different from chronic colitic animals. In the colon, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1β were significantly higher in acute colitis, PGE2 and LTB4 were higher but not significantly, and PAF was not different from chronic CTT's. These data suggest that a combination of events are occurring in the pathogenesis of tamarin colitis that involves some of the same mediators that are found in the human disease and in other experimental models. The importance of these findings to human IBD remains for further investigation; however, the spontaneous primate model offers an exciting approximation of the disease development and merits further investigation for understanding the pathogenesis of human IBD as well as to aid in development of targeted therapeutics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 56 (1988), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute leukemia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL) in identical twins is reported. The first born had ALL in 1982 and bone marrow transplantation was performed in first complete remission (CR) from his healthy twin-brother the same year. The bone marrow donor developed ALL in 1985; he received an autologous bone marrow transplantation in first CR in 1986. Unfortunately, both patients relapsed in 1986. Cytogenetic studies of the first born revealed multiple chromosomal abnormalities and a marker chromosome whereas the second patient had a Philadelphia chromosome. Genetic reasons or exposure to leukemogenic agents may be responsible for the onset of these leukemias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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