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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of stable Co/Co2MnSn two phase magnets : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5253-5255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The phase equilibria in the system Co–Mn–Sn have been studied with compositions along the join Co–CoMnSn. This is part of an effort to form a macroscopic ferrimagnet with two metallic ferromagnetic phases, Co and Co2MnSn. As-cast arc melted alloys have been made with Co compositions from 33 to 78 at. %. Three different phase and magnetization regions are observed with increasing Co composition. Cobalt becomes the primary phase at more than 71 at. % Co and crystallizes out of a Co2MnSn rich matrix. It is shown from x-ray diffraction analysis and the Tc change with Co compositions that the Co phase in Co2MnSn matrix is probably a Co–Mn solid solution. From the break in the magnetization vs temperature curves of two phase magnets with two different compositions, Curie temperatures are determined as approximately 160 °C and 175 °C for the Co–Mn solid solution phase. The exchange coupling at phase boundary is proposed by the analysis of coercivity vs temperature data. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optic properties and exchange interaction of the macroscopic ferrimagnet Co1−x−yTbx(EuS)y : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5929-5931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polar Kerr-rotation spectra and hysteresis loops have been measured in Co1−x−yTbx(EuS)y, with 0≤x≤0.21 and 0≤y≤0.21, and compared to the macroscopic ferrimagnet Co1−y(EuS)y and to amorphous Co1−xTbx. The measurements were taken at room temperature and at 7 K over a wide photon energy range of 1.1–4.6 eV in fields up to 2.77 T. The addition of Tb retains the phase-separated nature yielding a material consisting of a Co–Tb matrix containing crystalline EuS precipitate particles with about 2 nm diameter. Up to 8% Tb is substituted for Eu in the EuS phase. The Kerr rotations are rather small reaching −0.25° at room temperature and increasing to −0.85° at 7 K, i.e., no optical enhancement is observed as in Co(EuS). This is most likely due to the much smaller size of the EuS crystallites. An "s''-shaped feature in the Kerr-rotation spectra can be assigned to an Eu2+ 4f→5d transition while a contribution from the Tb3+-4f states shows up as a decrease with increasing photon energies. At 7 K, the Tb and Eu magnetic moments are found to be parallel while the Co moment is believed to be antiferromagnetically exchange coupled to both. At room temperature, the Co moment is dominating the Tb moment which is antiferromagnetically coupled as in Co1−xTbx. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362689
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High coercivity single-domain particles in glass matrix : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6025-6027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Impregnating transition metallic compounds into porous glass is a simple way to form ultrafine particles in a glass matrix. In our studies, ultrafine particles were prepared by impregnating Fe compounds into porous glasses (pore size 70±21 A(ring)) and annealing. After annealing, the samples were studied at different temperatures with a vibrating sample magnetometer. In the annealed glasses two types of particles were formed: (a) superparamagnetic particles and (b) ferromagnetic particles with exceedingly high coercivity (Hc=13 kOe at 298 K). The ratio between superparamagnetic and high coercivity particles depends on the annealing temperature and time. In samples annealed at lower temperatures or at high temperature for short times, only superparamagnetic particles were found. In those annealed at high temperatures after certain times, only high coercivity particles were found. It was also found that the blocking temperature TB of the high coercivity particles depends on the annealing process. Moreover it was found that the Curie temperature of the high coercivity particles is below 520 K. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362141
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of coercivity of the two-phase Co/Co2TiSn magnet : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5184-5186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a new composite magnet consisting of two metallic phases, Co/Co2TiSn. This Co/Co2TiSn system shows an unusual change of coercivity with temperature. The coercivity shows the normal decrease with temperature in the low-temperature region then suddenly increases at the temperature at which the magnetization of the low-Tc phase disappears. We suggest that this phenomenon can be explained by exchange coupling at the phase boundary. The change in coercivity was modeled assuming the formation of a wall at the phase boundary. On the basis of this model, the wall energy at the phase boundary was extracted. Initial magnetization curves show that magnetization takes place by a different process at high and low temperatures. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365165
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance in NiFe/Au multilayers and spin-valve structures (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6285-6285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Permalloy has been widely studied and used in industry for magnetic recording heads and sensors. This article presents a study of the magnetoresistance of (NiFe/Au)n multilayer films and NiFe/Au/NiFe sandwich structures. Gold is used as the spacer layer because of its low solid solubility in NiFe and the tendency of NiFe and Au to phase separate. Films were grown by dc sputtering with a series of different permalloy and Au thickness. In the multilayer films, the thickness of permalloy varies from 20 to 40 A(ring) and Au varies from 8 to 25 A(ring). A difference in the sign and magnitude of magnetoresistance for transverse and longitudinal field directions with respect to current indicates the presence of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect. The magnitude of Δρ/ρ is small because of shunting by Au layers. In the sandwich structures, the thickness of permalloy layers is different on each side of the Au and varies from 150 to 800 A(ring). The Au spacer layer varies from 20 to 60 A(ring). The measurements show mainly anisotropic magnetoresistance. There was a small opposite jump at ∼8 Oe on resistivity measurement, which indicates spin valve effect superimposed on the AMR effect. After annealing, the change in magnetoresistance is much more sensitive in low field ∼15 Oe, a property which is critical to many applications. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic correlations in an amorphous Gd-Al spin glass (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3639-3641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) as well as magnetization measurements have been made on a sputtered film of Gd43Al57. The low field susceptibility peaks at a freezing temperature Tf of 33 K. This agrees well with the SANS data, which shows a peak in the intensity at this temperature for the lowest Q's measured. The SANS line shapes are unusual in that they can be fitted with a Lorentzian plus Lorentzian-squared cross section with dissimilar correlation lengths. The Lorentzian correlation length peaks near 35 K at a value of ∼14 A(ring), while the Lorentzian-squared correlation length exhibits a large, essentially resolution-limited, value up to temperatures several times Tf. These results are consistent with the coexistence of finite static spin clusters with relatively long-range ferromagnetic correlations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338698
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TbxNdy(FeCo)1−x−y: Promising materials for magneto-optical storage? (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3349-3351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic study of the pseudoternary system TbxNdy(FeCo)1−x−y is presented focusing on key parameters for magneto-optical storage applications. For compositions with perpendicular anisotropy at room temperature (x〉0.08; 0.4〉z+y〉0.15) the Kerr rotation (λ=633 nm) increases with FeCo concentration for a given x/y ratio and increases also with the Nd concentration for a given FeCo concentration. The latter effect is more pronounced at λ=420 nm than at λ=800 nm. Room-temperature compensation is found at x=0.2 for all of these compounds indicating a Nd moment parallel and, in magnitude, similar to the FeCo moment. The high-temperature magneto-optical measurements revealed a significant lowering of the anisotropy constant at elevated temperatures with Nd concentration, which leads to a loss of square loops already 100 K below TC for certain compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338766
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The GMR effect in annealed Co/Co2TiSn thin films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4861-4863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect of Co/Co2TiSn thin films with two magnet phases was observed in samples annealed in vacuum and N2(10% H2) gas atmospheres. The perpendicular magnetization curve of the films have the hysteresis loop of a typical bubble domain material. Various features of electrical resistivity at room temperature of the annealed films suggest GMR behavior. The resistivity decreases with increasing field and saturates at a field of around 2 kOe which is the same as in-plane saturation field from magnetization measurements. In the film annealed in N2 gas, the magnetoresistivity, δρ(H), is 1.43×10−7 Ω cm and the GMR is 0.18%. In the film annealed in vacuum, the δρ(H) and GMR are about 3.3×10−8 Ωcm and 0.12%, respectively. The GMR effect in annealed Co/Co2TiSn films indicates the scattering of spin polarized conduction electrons because of the antiparallel exchange coupling at the phase boundary between the two magnetic phases. The scattering process of conduction electrons at the phase boundary was modeled in relation to the magnetization process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373183
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition dependence of the Hall effect in amorphous TbxCo1−x thin films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1869-1873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Hall effect in amorphous TbxCo1−x thin films has been studied quantitatively with respect to Tb at. % in films. Amorphous TbxCo1−x thin films exhibit unusually large spontaneous Hall coefficients (Rs(approximate)2×10−9 Ω cm/G, whose sign is strongly dependent on the film composition as governed by the relation ρH=Rs4πMS. At Tb compositions below the compensation composition xcomp, the Hall resistivity ρH is positive and the sign is reversed for Tb compositions above xcomp. Even though the saturation magnetization at x〉xcomp is lower than at x〈xcomp, the absolute Hall resistivity |ρH| and Hall coefficient |Rs| are higher. As the Tb content increases in the films, the resistivity increases. In amorphous TbxCo1−x thin films, the Hall angle |ρH/ρ| is sensitive to the resistivity of the films. On the basis of electrical resistivities, Hall resistivities, and Hall angles in amorphous TbxCo1−x films, the side jump Δy of 0.16 to 0.26 Å was calculated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magneto-optic rotation in amorphous uranium antimonide (invited) : 35th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4750-4755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous U-Sb alloys in the vicinity of the composition U3Sb4 have magneto-optic Faraday rotations of + 2 × 106 deg/cm. This is the highest rotation of any amorphous ferromagnetic material. These alloys also have relatively high Curie temperatures of about 140 K with magnetic moments per uranium of up to 1.4μB. These properties are unexpected since it is known from intermetallic compounds that U atoms must be isolated from each other in order to develop a magnetic moment. In a concentrated random amorphous alloy, no magnetic moment on the uranium would be expected because of the high probability of uranium near neighbors. In the U-Sb amorphous alloys, however, there appears to be chemical short-range order which tends to favor Sb nearest neighbors for uranium. The amorphous U-Sb alloys have Kerr rotations of about −3°. This value is comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to that of the single-crystal rock salt compound USb in the visible. In these amorphous alloys the Hall angle from the spontaneous Hall effect can be as much as 17°. Similar large magneto-optic and Hall coefficients have also been found in amorphous U-Bi, U-Sb-Mn, and U-Sb-Co alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348270
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