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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Open-chest cardiac massage in humans to treat chloroform syncope was first performed by Niehans in Berne and Langenbuch in Berlin in the late 1880s. Closed-chest cardiac massage in humans was advocated by Koenig and Maass in Göttingen in the last two decades of the 19th century. The closed technique was used in Central Europe for several decades to treat chloroform syncope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thromboxane synthase ; Thromboxane ; Nicotine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thromboxane, one of the major oxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites of human macrophages, is the most potent vasoconstricting and proaggregatory molecule known. In addition, thromboxane has been shown to be related to host defence mechanisms. We studied the effects of nicotine and its major metabolites on thromboxane formation using cultured macrophage-like cells (HL-60), microsomal assays and purified thromboxane synthase. In intact cells, nicotine, cotinine and methylnicotine at submicromolar concentrations inhibited the rate of conversion of both arachidonic acid and the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 into thromboxane but not into other eicosanoids. This indicates that nicotine selectively inhibits thromboxane synthase at concentrations that are readily observed in the circulation of smokers. Microsomal assays revealed that nicotine decreased the maximal velocity of thromboxane synthase without affecting the apparent affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. In contrast, no effect of nicotine on kinetic parameters of prostaglandin H synthase or prostacyclin synthase could be observed. Difference spectra, using purified thromboxane synthase, revealed that nicotine directly interacts with the enzyme, presumably by binding the nitrogen of the nicotine ring structure to the iron of the cytochrome P-450 component of thromboxane synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 241-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Arteriosclerosis ; Endothelial cells ; Smooth muscle cells ; Platelets ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early lesions of arteriosclerosis are characterized by proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and foam cells. In addition, large amounts of connective tissue components and cholesterol esters are found. These changes are primarily located in the intima of the arterial wall. The initial mechanisms responsible for lesion formation are largely unknown. In recent years progress has been made particularly in fields of research related to the biochemistry of arterial wall cells in tissue culture. The findings obtained allow us to deepen our knowledge of the pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis. Of special interest are mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the thromboresistent endothelium, the factors triggering proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells, and the transformation of macrophages to foam cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 293-311 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Eicosanoids ; Leukotrienes ; Prostaglandins ; Phospholipases ; Arachidonic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes have been implicated to play an important role in physiology as well as in a growing list of pathophysiologic conditions. These oxidation products of 8.11.14.-eicosatrienoic-,5.8.11.14.-eicosatetraenoic-, and 5.8.11.14.17.-pentaenoic acids have been collectively designated eicosanoids. Many clinically important diseases are associated with altered eicosanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, a series of hormones are known to induce acutely formation of eicosanoids, suggesting a crucial role in a multitude of tissue responses including phenomena such as secretion, platelet aggregation, chemotaxis, and smooth muscle contraction. The major precursor for the eicosanoids seems to be 5.8.11.14.-eicosatetraneoic acid or arachidonic acid. Virtually all of arachidonic acid however is present in esterified form in complex glycerolipids. Since cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenases utilize arachidonic acid in its free form, a set of acylhydrolases is required to liberate arachidonic acid from membrane lipids before eicosanoid formation can occur. It became only recently apparent that a minor acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, comprising only 5%–10% of the phospholipid mass in mammalian cells, plays an important role in arachidonic acid metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol — after phosphorylation to phosphatidylinositolphosphate and phosphatidylinositolbisphosphate — appears to be hydrolyzed by specific phospholipases C generating 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-diglyceride. Diglyceride serves as substrate for diglyceride lipase to form monoglyceride and free fatty acid. Alternatively diglyceride is phosphorylated by diglyceride kinase yielding phosphatidic acid, which is believed to be reincorporated into phosphatidylinositol. In addition to phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid may contribute to arachidonic acid release. These phospholipids are substrates for phospholipases A2 generating free arachidonic acid and the respective lysophospholipid. Understanding of the biochemistry of arachidonic acid liberation may be critical in developing strategies of pharmacological intervention in a variety of pathological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Progress in Lipid Research 25 (1986), S. 327-329 
    ISSN: 0163-7827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Progress in Lipid Research 25 (1986), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 0163-7827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transkranielle Doppler-Sonographie ; kontinuierliche Oxymetrie ; Bulbus venae jugularis ; zerebraler Blutfluß ; kardiopulmonale Reanimation ; extrakorporale Zirkulation ; Key words Cerebral blood flow velocity ; Cerebral blood flow ; Cardiac arrest ; Transcranial Doppler ultrasound sonography ; Jugular bulb oxygen saturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract This case report describes cerebral monitoring of intracranial haemodynamics using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2) by fiberoptic jugular bulb oximetry during cardiac arrest following cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB for aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in a 63-year-old patient previously operated upon for heart disease. Mean blood flow velocity was measured in the middle cerebral artery using a bidirectional 2 MHz TCD system. SjO2 was measured using a fiberoptic thermodilution catheter placed in the right jugular bulb via the right internal jugular vein under radiographic control. At the end of the operation, low cardiac output syndrome and cardiac arrest occurred, which required reopening of the thorax and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until CPB could be resumed. Following extrathoracic cardiac resuscitation, systolic “spikes”, loss of the diastolic flow profile, and no increase in SjO2 were recorded by the monitors, indicating cerebral circulatory arrest. However, a normal flow profile with increasing diastolic portions and an increase in SjO2 to 52% were seen following optimisation of the open thorax cardiac resuscitation. This monitoring may be able to give information to optimise therapy during CPR to avoid ischaemic cerebral injury.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über den erfolgreichen Einsatz eines erweiterten zerebralen Monitorings mittels transkranieller Doppler-Sonographie und zerebrovenöser Oxymetrie im Bulbus venae jugularis während eines Herz-Kreislaufstillstands im Rahmen einer Herzoperation nach extrakorporaler Zirkulation (EKZ). Bei einem 63jährigen Patienten war infolge eines paravalvulären Lecks bei Zustand nach Aortenklappenersatz sowie aortokoronarer Bypassoperation ein erneuter Eingriff mit Aortenklappenersatz und aortokoronarem Bypass indiziert. Am Ende der Operation kam es zu einer schweren Kreislaufdepression, die die sofortige Wiedereröffnung des Thorax unter kardiopulmonaler Reanimation und einen erneuten Einsatz der EKZ erforderte. Die Kombination der beiden Monitorverfahren ermöglichte es, die Effekte der extra- und intrathorakalen Herzdruckmassage auf die intrakranielle Hämodynamik und die zerebrovenöse Sauerstoffsättigung kontinuierlich darzustellen. Während der kurzdauernden extrathorakalen Herzdruckmassage wurden fortdauernde Zeichen der insuffizienten zerebralen Perfusion und der schweren zerebralen Ischämie beobachtet. Die intrathorakale Herzdruckmassage konnte direkt mit Hilfe der TCD optimiert werden, bis eine zufriedenstellende Perfusion und adäquate Sauerstoffsättigung angezeigt wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 432-433 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Anästhesie ; Herzschrittmacher ; frequenzadaptive Schrittmacher ; Komplikationen ; Ventilation ; Key words Anaesthesia: general ; Complications: pacemaker failure ; Rate-responsive pacemaker ; Ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We describe unexpected episodes of paced tachycardia in two patients with rate-responsive pacemakers during anaesthesia. Five months after a heart transplant and implantation of a pacemaker a 43-year-old patient suffered cardiac tamponade as a result of chronic pericarditis. The second case involved embolic occlusion of the femoral artery in a 33-year-old female patient previously operated on for tricuspid valve replacement and implantation of a pacemaker. In both cases induction of anaesthesia was performed with fentanyl, etomidate and vecuronium. Following intubation and mechanical ventilation, the heart rates (HR) of the two patients increased to 140 and 130 min−1 respectively. This was interpreted as a sign of inadequate anaesthesia, and therefore additional doses of fentanyl and etomidate were given, with no effect on the tachycardia. After exclusion of other possible reasons for this complication such as hypokalaemia, hypercapnia, hypoxaemia or allergic reactions, unexpected functioning of the rate-responsive pacemakers due to thoracic impedance changes was assumed. Minute ventilation was reduced, lowering paced HR in 3–5 min. Conclusions. These case reports suggest that anaesthetic management affects the action of rate-responsive pacemakers, causing haemodynamic complications, and inadequate interventions by the anaesthesiologist. Thus, it is necessary for anaesthesiologists to make a preoperative evalution of the underlying medical disease and the type of pacemaker in order to adjust anaesthetic management accordingly and to understand the haemodynamic responses that may occur during the perioperative period. Preoperative programming to exclude the rate-responsive function is advised.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über das Auftreten von unerwarteten Tachykardien während der Narkoseeinleitung, die bei 2 Patienten durch frequenzadaptive Herzschrittmacher (SM) ausgelöst wurden. In beiden Fällen unterzogen sich Patienten mit frequenzadaptiven SM Notfalloperationen. Während der Narkoseeinleitung stieg die stimulierte Herzfrequenz nach der Intubation und dem Beginn der kontrollierten Ventilation auf 140 bzw. 130 min −1 an. Zunächst wurden die Anstiege der Herzfrequenz als inadäquate Anästhesie gedeutet und die Narkosen mittels Fentanyl und Etomidat vertieft. Bei Fortdauer der Tachykardien wurden andere Ursachen wie Hypokaliämie, Hypoxie, Hyperkapnie und allergische Reaktion ausgeschlossen, bevor an die Interaktion der frequenzadaptiven SM gedacht wurde. In beiden Fällen handelte es sich um Thoraximpedanz-messende Systeme. Mit Verminderung des Atemminutenvolumens sank die Herzfrequenz innerhalb von 3–5 min ab. Diese Fallbeispiele zeigen, daß das anästhesiologische Management mit frequenzadaptiven SM interagieren kann. Zur Vermeidung derartiger Komplikationen muß der Anästhesist an die Besonderheiten dieser Systeme denken, um das perioperative Management entsprechend auszurichten und intraoperativen Interaktionen durch Kenntnis der SM-Funktionsweise gezielt entgegenzuwirken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Nierenbefall ; Ferritin ; Tumormarker ; Histiozyten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 46jährigen Patienten mit Funktionsminderung der linken Niere und sonographischer Größenzunahme wurde bioptisch ein Rezidiv eines hochmaligen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoms festgestellt. Zeitlich koinzident mit dem einseitigen Nierenfunktionsverlust wurde ein Anstieg des Serum-Ferritins von 2356 µg/l auf 6254 µg/l als Korrelat der Lymphomprogredienz beobachtet (Serum-Eisen, Transferrin und Transferrinsättigung normal). In der immunhistologischen Untersuchung der Nierenbiopsie zeigten die Lymphomzellen ein negatives Resultat bezüglich der Ferritin-Färbung. Ein positiver Ferritin-Nachweis gelang jedoch in histiozytären Zellen. Vereinzelte Angaben in der Literatur deuten darauf hin, daß die Synthese von Ferritin in den Histiozyten im Rahmen einer Neoexpression durch Lymphomzellen induziert werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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