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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial activities of rat heart during ageing
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 76 (1994), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Keywords: Ageing ; Coenzyme Q ; Mitochondria ; Respiratory chain
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0047-6374(94)91583-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activities in perikaryal and synaptic mitochondrial fractions from rat hippocampus during development
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 49 (1989), S. 211-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Keywords: Development ; Energy metabolism ; Enzymes ; Hippocampus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0047-6374(89)90072-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A critique on the preparation and enzymatic characterization of synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria from hippocampus (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 (1989), S. 247-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: hippocampus ; mitochondria ; enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. In literature two interesting methods are described to obtain from whole pooled brains or areas three types of mitochondria, namely, those of perikaryal origin and those contained in synaptosomes. 2. However, for many types of studies, such “preparative” preparations are not useful; for example, in pharmacological studies only data from a singlen number of animals may be of statistical usefulness and may be correctly analyzed by statistical tests. 3. Thus a method is described by which it was possible to characterize by enzyme activities three populations from single rat brain hippocampus. 4. During preparative “analytical” procedure, it was noted that the 10% Ficoll gradients previously used in the literature were unable to separate purified mitochondria-free mitochondria. This gradient should be 12% Ficoll for single areas. 5. In addition, when results are compared using the more appropriateω 2 t for calculations of gravity forces to be applied instead of the maximum or averageg for different rotors, enzymatic characterization differed considerably among the various mitochondrial populations. 6. The above considerations are also true when different pestle clearances and/or pestle rotations speeds are used during omogenizations; also lysis conditions are essential. 7. Results showed that selected experimental conditions are to be used when subcellular fractions are to be analyzed biochemically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713032
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of In Vivo Administration of Naloxone on ATP-ase's Enzyme Systems of Synaptic Plasma Membranes from Rat Cerebral Cortex (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; ATP-ases ; synaptic plasma membranes ; naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Naloxone is a specific competitive antagonist of morphine, acting on opiate receptors, located on neuronal membranes. The effects of in vivo administration of naloxone on energy-consuming non-mitochondrial ATP-ases were studied in two different types of synaptic plasma membranes from rat cerebral cortex, known to contain a high density of opiate receptors. The enzyme activities of Na+, K+-ATP-ase, Ca2+, Mg2+-ATP-ase and Mg2+-ATP-ase and of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated on synaptic plasma membranes obtained from control and treated animals with effective dose of naloxone (12μg · kg−1 i.m. 30 minutes). In control (vehicle-treated) animals specific enzyme activities assayed on these two types of synaptic plasma membranes are different, being higher on synaptic plasma membranes of II type than of I type, because the first fraction is more enriched in synaptic plasma membranes. The acute treatment with naloxone produced a significant decrease in Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP-ase activity and an increase in AChE activity, only in synaptic plasma membranes of II type. The decrease of Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP-ase enzymatic activity and the increased AChE activity are related to the interference of the drug on Ca2+ homeostasis in synaptosoplasm, that leads to the activation of calcium-dependent processes, i.e. the extrusion of neurotransmitter. These findings give further evidence that pharmacodynamic characteristics of naloxone are also related to increase [Ca2+] i , interfering with enzyme systems (Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP-ase) and that this drug increases acetylcholine catabolism in synaptic plasma membranes of cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007529826905
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy Metabolism of Synaptosomal Subpopulations from Different Neuronal Systems of Rat Hippocampus: Effect of L-Acetylcarnitine Administration In Vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 24 (1999), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Synaptosomal subpopulations ; “large” and “small” synaptosomes ; energy metabolism ; enzymes ; L-acetylcarnitine treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The maximum rate (Vmax) of some enzyme activities related to glycolysis, Krebs' cycle, acetylcholine catabolism and amino acid metabolism were evaluated in different types of synaptosomes obtained from rat hippocampus. The enzyme characterization was performed on two synaptosomal populations defined as “large” and “small” synaptosomes, supposed to originate mainly from the granule cell glutamatergic mossy fiber endings and small cholinergic nerve endings mainly arising from septohippocampal fiber synapses, involved with cognitive processes. Thus, this is an unique model of pharmacological significance to study the selective action of drugs on energy metabolism of hippocampus and the sub-chronic i.p. treatement with L-acetylcarnitine at two different dose levels (30 and 60 mg · kg−1, 5 day a week, for 4 weeks) was performed. In control animals, the results indicate that these two hippocampal synaptosomal populations differ for the potential catalytic activities of enzymes of the main metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism. This energetic micro-heterogeneity may cause their different behaviour during both physiopathological events and pharmacological treatment, because of different sensitivity of neurons. Therefore, the micro-heterogeneity of brain synaptosomes must be considered when the effect of a pharmacological treatment is to be evaluated. In fact, the in vivo administration of L-acetylcarnitine affects some specific enzyme activities, suggesting a specific molecular trigger mode of action on citrate synthase (Krebs' cycle) and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (glutamate metabolism), but mainly of “small” synaptosomal populations, suggesting a specific synaptic trigger site of action. These observations on various types of hippocampal synaptosomes confirm their different metabolic machinery and their different sensitivity to pharmacological treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021008306414
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholine esterase sensitivity to chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin and effects on cerebral enzymatic activities related to energy metabolism (1980)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 5 (1980), S. 905-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of chronic treatment (8 months) with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on rat brain was studied. The activity of some enzymes related to energy transduction (lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase; NADH-cytochromec reductase and cytochrome oxidase) and neurotransmission (acetylcholine esterase) was evaluated both in the whole brain homogenate and/or in the crude mitochondrial fraction. A clear-cut decrease of acetylcholine esterase activity was observed, the decrease continuing even after treatment was discontinued. Effects on energy metabolism and on lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptosomal non-mitochondrial ATPase activities and drug treatment (1993)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 18 (1993), S. 719-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Almitrine ; ATPases ; clonidine ; δ-yohimbine ; synaptosomes ; theniloxazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Energy-using non-mitochondrial ATPases were assayed in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes and synaptosomal subfractions, namely synaptosomal plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles. The following enzyme activities were evaluated: Na+, K+-ATPase; high- and low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase; basal Mg2+-ATPase; Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase. The evaluations were performed after four week-treatment with saline [controls] or α-adrenergic agents (δ-yohimbine, clonidine), energymetabolism interfering compound (theniloxazine), and oxygen-partial pressure increasing agent (almitrine), in order to define the plasticity and the selective changes in individual ATPases. In rat cerebral cortex, the enzyme adaptation to four-week-treatment with δ-yohimbine or clonidine was characterized by increase in both high- and low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activities. The action involves the enzyme form located in the synaptic plasma membranes. The enzyme adaptation to the subchronic treatments with theniloxazine or almitrine was characterized by increase in Na+, K+-ATPase or Mg2+-ATPase activities, respectively. The action involves the enzymatic forms located in the synaptic plasma membranes. Thus, the pharmacodynamic effects of the agents tested should also be related to the changes induced in the activity of some specific synaptosomal nonmitochondrial ATPases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966787
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parkinson-like disease by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity inMacaca Fascicularis: Synaptosomal metabolism and action of dihydroergocriptine (1994)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 19 (1994), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Parkinson-like syndrome by MPTP ; enzymes ; synaptosomes ; energy metabolism ; dihydroergocriptine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The maximal rates (Vmax) of some enzyme activities related to synaptosomal energy metabolism were studied in different types of synaptosomes from cerebellar cortex ofMacaca Fascicularis (Cynomolgus monkey). Different synaptosomal populations, namely “large” and “small” synaptosomes, were isolated from the anterior lobule of the cerebellar cortex of monkeys treated p.o. with dihydroergocriptine at the dose of 12 mg/kg/day before and during the induction of a Parkinson's-like syndrome by MPTP administration (i.v., 0.3 mg/kg/day for 5 days). The enzymes were chosen according to their regulatory role and as markers of the following metabolic pathways: (a) glycolysis ((hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase), (b) Krebs' (TCA) cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase), (c) amino acid, glutamate metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate- and glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminases), (d) acetylcholine catabolism (acetylcholinesterase) and (e) ATPases, i.e. Na+−K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATP synthetase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+−Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase Low and High affinity for Ca2+. The MPTP administration modified the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, Na+−K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase only on selected types of synaptosomes. Pharmacological treatment by dihydroergocriptine was able to recovery at the steady-state levels the activities of these enzymes, thus demonstrating a partial protective effect on these biochemical parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00971569
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial factors involved in Parkinson's disease by MPTP toxicity inMacaca fascicularis and drug effect (1992)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 17 (1992), S. 1147-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Energy metabolism ; non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria ; Parkinson's disease ; MPTP toxicity ; dihydroergocriptine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The maximal rates (Vmax) of some mitochondrial enzyme activities related to energy transduction (citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase) and amino acid metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate-and glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminases) were evaluated in non-synaptic (“free”) and intrasynaptic “light” and “heavy” mitochondria fromhippocampus ofMacaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus monkey). The different mitochondrial populations were isolated from thehippocampus of monkeys treated p.o. with dihydroergocriptine at a dose of 12 mg/kg/day before and during the induction of a Parkinson's-like syndrome by MPTP administration (i.v., 0.3 mg/kg/day for 5 days). The MPTP administration modified the activity of some enzymes related to the metabolism of glutamate and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase on selected types of mitochondria. Pharmacological treatment by dihydroergocriptine promoted return to the steady-state levels of most enzymes, demonstrating a protective effect on these biochemical parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00967293
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications by chronic intermittent hypoxia and drug treatment on skeletal muscle metabolism (1995)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 20 (1995), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Hypoxia-normoxia cycles ; intermittent hypoxia ; skeletal muscle metabolism ; drug treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The energy metabolism was evaluated in gastrocnemius muscle from 3-month-old rats subjected to either mild or severe 4-week intermittent normobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, 4-week treatment with CNS-acting drugs, namely, α-adrenergic (δ-yohimbine), vasodilator (papaverine, pinacidil), or oxygen-increasing (almitrine) agents was performed. The muscular concentration of the following metabolites was evaluated: glycogen, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate, lactateto-pyruvate ratio; citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate; aspartate, glutamate, alanine; ammonia; ATP, ADP, AMP, creatine phosphate. Furthermore the Vmax of the following muscular enzymes was evaluated: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase; total NADH cytochrome c reductase; cytochrome oxidase. The adaptation to chronic intermittent normobaric mild or severe hypoxia induced alterations of the components in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway [as supported by the increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and/or hexokinase, resulting in the decreased glycolytic substrate concentration consistent with the increased lactate production and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio] and in the mitochondrial mechanism [as supported by the decreased activity of malate dehydrogenase and/or citrate synthase resulting in the decreased concentration of some key components in the tricarboxylic acid cycle]. The effect of the concomitant pharmacological treatment suggests that the action of CNS-acting drugs could be also related to their direct influence on the muscular biochemical mechanisms linked to energy transduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00970538
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