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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Parasitology Today 7 (1991), S. 35-36 
    ISSN: 0169-4758
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: ELISA ; Recombinant DNA: mgl promoter ; alveolar ecchinococcosis ; catabolite repression ; fusion protein ; galactose-binding protein ; immunodiagnosis ; parasite antigen ; periplasm ; phage λ vectors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0304-4017
    Keywords: Chicken ; Diagnosis-Protozoa ; Eimeria spp
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Alveolar hydatid disease – Cystic hydatid disease – Biology – Prevalence – Immunodiagnosis – Resistance. ; Schlüsselwörter: Alveoläre Echinokokkose – cystische Echinokokkose – Biologie – Prävalenz – Immundiagnose – Resistenz.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In Mitteleuropa ist Echinococcus multilocularis, der sogenannte „gefährliche kleine Fuchsbandwurm“ relativ weit verbreitet und hat deshalb in der Öffentlichkeit erhebliche Beunruhigung hervorgerufen. Im Gegenzug sind in den letzten Jahren die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren erheblich verbessert worden, so daß die Inzidenz der Erkrankung und der Todesfälle bezüglich der alveolären Echinokokkose (AE) beim Menschen in Mitteleuropa bisher relativ niedrig und stabil geblieben ist. In Süddeutschland, in Frankreich (Franche Comté und Doubs), Österreich und in der Schweiz treten jährlich zwischen 0,02 und 1,4 neue Fälle pro 100 000 Einwohner auf. Die Bedeutung der AE des Menschen liegt grundsätzlich bei der außergewöhnlich hohen Letalität einer unbehandelten Erkrankung. Die Therapie besteht im wesentlichen in möglichst radikaler Operation und anschließender Dauertherapie mit Albendazol (oder Mebendazol). Dabei wird in der Regel keine Heilung, sondern Parasitostase erzielt, die in 〉 80 % der Fälle zu klinischer Besserung und signifikanter Lebensverlängerung der Patienten führt. Diagnostisch stehen bildgebende Verfahren, verkoppelt mit immundiagnostischen Methoden, im Vordergrund. Die Immundiagnose der alveolären Echinokokkose spielt eine zentrale Rolle, insbesondere wenn eine Frühdiagnose ins Auge gefasst wird. Im Rahmen von sero-epidemiologische Studien wurden erstmals infizierte, nichterkrankte Personen mit „natürlicher“ Resistenz gegenüber einer Erkrankung vorgefunden, wobei unmittelbar die Frage nach einer möglichen, dazugehörenden immungenetischen Prädisposition auftaucht. E. granulosus (cystische Echinokokkose) kommt als autochthone Infektion in Mitteleuropa praktisch nicht mehr vor, so daß die meisten auftretenden klinischen Fälle als Importkrankheit zu taxieren sind (vorwiegend aus dem Mittelmeerraum).
    Notes: Summary. Echinococcus multilocularis, a small tapeworm in foxes, has gained considerable public attention owing to its wide distribution in central Europe. Conversely, diagnosis and treatment of the disease have been significantly improved in recent years. Consequently, the incidence among human populations has remained stable and relatively low for many decades. In southern Germany, France (Franche Comté and Doubs), Austria and Switzerland, the annual incidence ranges between 0.02 and 1.4 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The relevance of human AE refers to the high lethality of the untreated disease. Therapy consists predominantly of radical surgery followed by continuous, long-term chemotherapy using albendazole (or mebendazole). The action of chemotherapy alone is parasitostatic rather than parasitocidal; nevertheless, clinical improvement is observed in 〉 80 % of such cases, including a significantly improved prognosis. Diagnosis relies predominantly on imaging procedures and serology. Immunodiagnosis must be performed early, especially when a preclinical diagnosis is desired upon exposure to infection. Thus, in the framework of seroepidemiological studies, first-time evidence was obtained about the phenomenon of natural resistance in non-diseased persons. This raised the question of a potential immunogenetic predisposition in certain infected persons. E. granulosus (cystic hydatid disease) is practically non-existent as autochthonous infection in central Europe now. Most clinical cases of E. granulosus infections are thus observed among persons who have immigrated from – predominantly – the mediterranean basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 421-426 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Periphere Blutmonozyten von zwei Personen mit einer experimentell und einer mit einer natürlich erworbenenGiardia lamblia-Infektion zeigten eine ausgeprägte lymphoproliferative Antwort nachIn-vitro-Stimulation mit Parasitenantigen, das sowohl aus homologen als auch heterologen Parasitenisolaten gewonnen worden war. Eine T-Zell-Blot- Analyse der lymphoproliferativen Immunantwort bezüglich der nach Molekulargewicht aufgetrenntenGiardia-Antigenkomponenten zeigte, daß das Spektrum derGiardia-Antigene mit T-Zell-Epitopen im Mr-Bereich von 〈 85'000 für das PM-1-Isolat und 〈 31'000 für das GS/M-H7-Isolat lagen. Bei einem der Patienten wurden Lymphozyten nach antigen-spezifischerIn-vitro-Proliferation auf ihre Lymphozytensubpopulationen und deren Fähigkeit zur Il-2-Produktion untersucht. Eine lymphoproliferative Antwort, verkoppelt mit einer Il-2-Produktion, war nur bei CD4+ Lymphozyten (nach entsprechender Eliminierung von CD8+ Lymphozyten) und nicht bei CD8+ Lymphozyten (nach entsprechender Eliminierung von CD4+ Lymphozyten) nachweisbar.
    Notes: Summary Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two individuals experimentally and one naturally infected withGiardia lamblia responded strongly (in anin vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay) to both heterologous and homologous (parasite origin)G. lamblia antigen stimuli. Proliferative responses to specific antigens as determined by T-cell blotting were due toGiardia T-cell epitopes mostly present in antigens lower than Mr 85,000 and 31,000 in isolates PM and GS/M-H7, respectively. Additionally, Il-2 production of PBMC respective to T lymphocyte subsets under antigen stimulation were determined in one selected patient. Proliferative and lymphokine responses could be associated with CD4+ PBMC depleted of CD8+ T cells and not with PBMC depleted of CD4+ T cells. These preliminary results suggest the initiation of larger studies addressing questions of cell-mediated immune response and the role of lymphokines in human giardiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 73 (1987), S. 165-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Second stage larvae of Toxocara canis were isolated from developed eggs, frozen in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide or 10% glycerol as cryoprotectants according to two cooling schedules and maintained in liquid nitrogen for 1 week. After thawing, the previously frozen larvae (FL) and unfrozen controls (CL) were maintained in a chemically defined medium in vitro for 35 weeks. While CL had motility rates around 95% to 97% throughout the experiment, previously frozen larvae (FL) exhibited rates of 48%–58% at the beginning and of 19%–39% at the end of the 35 week in vitro maintenance period. The surviving FL and CL larvae proved to be infective for mice. Excretory/secretory (ES) antigens isolated from several batches of culture medium in which FL and CL had been maintained reacted in the ELISA with human sera containing antibodies against Toxocara. Antigens from FL and CL separated by SDS-PAGE and silver-stained showed some differences in polypeptide patterns. Western-blot analysis revealed that these differences were not related to antigenic polypeptides but were most likely caused by substances without antigenic properties originating from dead and/or degenerating larvae. It can be concluded that ES antigens produced by previously frozen larvae are essentially the same as those derived from unfrozen controls. The value of cryopreservation of T. canis larvae for routine production of ES antigens will be further evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nu/+ mice (ZU.ICR-strain) experimentally infected withGiardia lamblia (clone GS/M-83-H7) cleared the infection by day 45 postinfection (p.i.). Athymic nu/nu mice were reconstituted with immune Peyer's patch lymphocytes obtained from self-healed nu/+ littermates and thus acquired the potential to decrease their intestinal parasite mass. Intestinal B-cells from self-healed nu/+ mice as well as from immune-reconstituted athymic nude mice synthesized in vitro parasite-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA). This IgA was subsequently analyzed by immunoblotting, showing a predominant reaction with the major surface antigen (a 72000-Da polypeptide) characterizing theGiardia clone in question. The hypothesis on the causative role of intestinal IgA and immune lymphocytes in the control ofG. lamblia infection thus deserves further attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study describes a transmission electron microscopical investigation of trophozoites from Giardia lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7 after exposure to monoclonal antibody (MAb) G10/4. From previous studies it is known that this antibody immunoreacts with the parasite’s major surface antigen VSP (variable surface protein) and exhibits a complement-independent cytotoxic effect on trophozoites of clone GS/M-83-H7. Our investigations revealed that cytotoxicity of MAb G10/4 is associated with shedding of VSP-containing membrane vesicles from the parasite surface and a concomitant partial disruption of the cellular membrane. These morphological alterations depend on the cross-linking capacity of the antibody because the immunoreactivity of respective monovalent F(ab)´ has no significant influence on the cell-surface structure. These findings indicate that the membrane-disintegrative activity of MAb G10/4 may be responsible for the parasitocidal function of the antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Echinococcus multilocularis oncospheres, primary vesicular cysts, and protoscolices were assessed in vitro and in vivo for their potential to synthesize a PAS-positive laminated layer containing monoclonal antibody (mAb) G11-binding Em2 antigen. The presence of Em2 antigen in developed oncospheres and cysts was subsequently correlated to the potential of in vivo development into a secondary metacestode in recipient host mice, which also responded by anti-Em2 serum antibody formation. In contrast, protoscolices failed to develop the “Em2-positive” layer in vitro under the selected experimental conditions. The failure to develop subsequently in vivo into a secondary metacestode was underlined by a lack of anti-Em2 serum antibody formation by the hosts. We furthermore developed a technique to obtainE. multilocularis clones by inoculating single oncospheres into recipient mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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