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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cysticercus racemosus ; Scolex ; Praziquantel ; Albendazol ; Dreidimensionale transkraniale Duplexsonographie ; Key words Cysticercus racemosus ; Scolex ; Praziquantel ; Albendazol ; Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Neurocysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium larvae (cysticerci), is the most common parasitic infection of the human CNS Worldwide. In Germany its appearance is rare. Here we report two cases of neurocysticercosis which we followed over a period of 4–6 years. The first patient acquired neurocysticercosis in Germany. On admission he suffered from papilledema, partial seizures and a mild psychotic disorder. MR-tomography showed an internal hydrocephalus and multiple contrast enhancing parenchymal cysts. In the course of the disease a giant cyst within the left temporal pole developed and was exstirpated neurosurgically. The persistent internal hydrocephalus required ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Therapy with Praziquantel led to a clinical improvement, however, repeated analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid documented peristent inflammation. With the aid of a contrast enhanced three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging technique we demonstrated increased cerebral perfusion surrounding one cyst. This may be interpreted as evidence for persistent disease activity. The second patient presented with repeated episodes of cysticercotic encephalitis, which is rarely described in the literature (incidence 1%). Clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis, and therapy of neurocysticercosis will be presented together with the pitfalls of the two described cases. Our cases will be compared to previous reports on clinical findings in neurocysticercosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Neurozystizerkose, hervorgerufen durch eine Infektion mit larvenhaltigen Eiern (Onkosphären) des Schweinebandwurms (Taenia solium), ist die häufigste Parasitose des ZNS. In Deutschland ist ihr Auftreten eine Rarität. Zwei Kasuistiken deutscher Erkrankungsfälle und deren über einen Zeitraum von 4–6 Jahren dokumentierer Erkrankungsverlauf werden vorgestellt. Der erste Patient akquirierte eine parenchymatös verlaufende Neurozystizerkose in Deutschland, präsentierte sich mit einer Stauungspapille, zerebralen Anfällen sowie einem Psychosyndrom. MR-tomographisch zeigten sich multiple, Scolex-haltige, periventrikulär lokalisierte, Kontrastmittel-aufnehmende Zysten sowie ein Hydrozephalus internus. Therapeutisch waren neben einer Shuntanlage und der Teilexstirpation einer zerebralen Megazyste auch mehrere Anthelminthika-Therapien nötig, um einen Rückgang der Zystengröße zu bewirken. Kontinuierliche Liquoruntersuchungen dokumentieren diesen protrahierten Erkrankungsverlauf. Mit Hilfe der transkraniellen, kontrastverstärkten, dreidimensionalen Duplexsonographie konnte eine gesteigerte Perfusion im Randbereich der Zysten als Hinweis auf einen chronisch aktiven Krankheitsprozeß nachgewiesen werden. Bei dem zweiten Fall handelt es sich um eine seltene (Häufigkeit ca. 1%) meningoenzephalitische Verlaufsform der Neurozystizerkose. Die Verläufe sowie das Erkrankungsbild werden anhand eines aktuellen Literaturüberblicks diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Salsolinol ; Parkinson's disease ; N-methylation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. An augmented synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines, such as salsolinol (SAL) or an increased N-methylation of these compounds has been addressed by various investigators as putative pathophysiologic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Aim of this study was (1) to investigate putative relations between plasma levels of dopamine and R- and S-enantiomers of SAL and (2) whether these metabolic precursors of the neurotoxic N-methylated-SAL (NMSAL) are elevated in untreated "de-novo" Parkinsonian patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of R- and S-SAL and dopamine did not significantly (R-SAL: p = 0.61, S-SAL: p = 0.51, dopamine: p = 0.84) differ in both groups. Parkinsonian patients' R-SAL plasma levels were inversely related to intensity (p = 0.03, r = −0.42) and duration of PD (p = 0.03, r = −0.43) in contrast to S-SAL and dopamine. Dopamine levels were not associated to R-SAL (p = 0.88, r2 = 0.0008) and S-SAL (p = 0.088, r2 = 0.12) neither in Parkinsonian patients nor in controls. We conclude, that an upregulation of N-methylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines takes place in PD by enzymes such as neutral N-methyltransferase specific for R-SAL. The activity of this enzyme has been found elevated in parkinsonian lymphocytes. This increased N-methylation by the N-methyltransferase specific for R-SAL leads to the known augmented levels of neurotoxic R-NMSAL in Parkinsonian patients compared to controls in the cenral nervous system especially in the beginning of PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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