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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diazepam potentiates postsynaptic inhibition in bulbar respiratory neurons of cats
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 77 (1989), S. 173-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Cat ; Diazepam ; Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials ; Medulla oblongata ; Respiratory neurons
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(89)90004-2
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Related Changes in Sympathetic Activity, Cerebral Blood Flow and Intracranial Pressure, and Effect of an α-Blocker in Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 415-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Acute subarachnoid haemorrhage; sympathetic nerve activity; intracranial pressure; cerebral blood flow; α-blockers.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  We investigated the changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) with or without increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the acute stage of experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). ICP was increased or controlled by rapid or slow injection of blood and saline, and the effect of an α-blocker, phentolamine, was also investigated in each condition. Following marked increase in ICP induced by rapid injection of blood or saline, increase in intracranial and general SNA and decrease in CBF were observed. Both changes were significantly decreased in magnitude by prior administration of phentolamine. When increase in ICP was not induced, by slow injection of blood, both SNA and CBF decreased, and these changes were alleviated by phentolamine. However, when increase in ICP was not induced by saline, neither SNA nor CBF significantly changed. These findings suggest that marked increase in ICP is the primary cause of the pathological changes occurring immediately after SAH, and that the decrease in CBF in mild SAH without increase in ICP is caused by blood itself. Administration of an α-blocker may be effective in improving the abnormal sympathetic nervous system induced by marked increase in ICP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050318
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective actions of anesthetic agents on membrane potential trajectory in bulbar respiratory neurons of cats (1990)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 416 (1990), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Respiratory neurons ; Membrane potential ; Postsynaptic potentials ; Input resistance ; Halothane ; Thiopental ; Control of breathing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of two anesthetic agents, halothane and thiopental, on the membrane potential trajectory of respiratory-related neurons in the ventral respiratory group were investigated in decerebrate cats, of which the carotid sinus and vagal afferents were denervated. Infusion of halothane (2% for 90 s) depolarized the membrane in nearly half of the inspiratory (12/21), post-inspiratory (10/26) and expiratory (4/6) neurons and caused hyperpolarization in the rest of the population. Thiopental (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) produced depolarization in 11 inspiratory and 10 post-inspiratory neurons and hyperpolarization in 1 expiratory, 4 inspiratory and 7 postinspiratory neurons. In both hyperpolarized and depolarized neurons, reduction of the respiratory membrane potential fluctuations and an increase of input resistance were commonly observed. Both drugs depressed spontaneous firing in most of the neurons studied. An increase of firing was observed in 9 out of 47 depolarized cells. These two contrasting effects on the membrane potential trajectory occurred similarly in the known groups of respiratory neurons, but the response of a given cell was consistent for the two anesthetic agents. The present results demonstrate that the anesthetic drugs exert various influences on the ventral respiratory group neuron population in maintaining the membrane potential trajectory and discharge activity. This may reflect a functional heterogeneity in the bulbar respiratory network of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370743
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium currents in respiratory neurons of the cat in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 438 (1999), S. 817-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cellular bursting In vivo voltage clamp Respiratory rhythm generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Under in vivo conditions, periodic burst discharges of medullary respiratory neurons of mature cat typically start with a rebound depolarization when inhibition through antagonistic neurons stops. This rebound can be blocked by ionophoretically applied extracellular Cd2+. A similar Cd2+-sensitive rebound depolarization is triggered by hyperpolarizing current pulses even in the presence of extracellular tetrodotoxin (TTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). In current-clamp mode, the current/voltage (I/V) curves rectify outwardly at positive voltages, and this rectification is blocked by Cd2+. Intracellular injection of the L-type Ca2+-channel blocker methoxy-verapamil changes the spontaneous activity patterns of neurons. In those neurons that typically show augmenting patterns, the membrane depolarization is slowed down, while in those neurons that have a declining pattern, voltage changes become augmenting. Voltage-clamp measurements reveal a transient, low-voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ current. The current is deinactivated at –100 mV and almost completely inactivated at –60 mV. Depolarizing voltage commands starting from more positive holding potentials evoke sustained Ca2+ currents that reach a maximum at 0 mV. The sustained L-type Ca2+ currents are completely blocked by extracellular Cd2+. We conclude that low- and high-voltage-activated Ca2+ currents are expressed in all types of respiratory neurons and play an essential role in rhythm generation and pattern formation in adult cats in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004249900090
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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