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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromium allergy: significance of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (2003)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Most studies investigating chromium allergy have been performed with Cr(VI). However, real exposure to chromium from leather products includes both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). We have determined and compared the minimum elicitation threshold (MET) concentration for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-sensitive patients. In addition, reactions to combinations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were compared to reactions elicited by Cr(III) and Cr(VI) alone. Dilution series of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were applied in Finn Chambers® on the back of 18 patients. The patches were left for 2 days and readings were done on days 2, 3 and 7. The MET10% for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was calculated from the dose–response curves to be 0.18 µg/cm2/48 h (6 p.p.m.) and 0.03 µg/cm2/48 h (1 p.p.m.), respectively. No significant differences in the response to combined Cr(III) and Cr(VI) solutions versus single solutions were found. Cr(III) was concluded to play an important role in chromium allergy, because Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were both capable of eliciting eczema at low concentrations. Rather than regarding chromium dermatitis as a result of Cr(VI) allergy alone, it may be more correct to consider it as a result of a combined Cr(III) and Cr(VI) allergy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0230.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interleukin-4 and Interferon-Gamma Production by Leishmania Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Nonexposed Individuals (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by Leishmania reactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed individuals was investigated. IFN-γ was measured in culture supernatants after antigen stimulation. For the measurement of IL-4, antigen stimulated cells were pulsed with PMA and ionomycin before IL-4 release was measured. L. donovani and L. major antigens induced IL-4 production (105–1748pg/ml) in 13 and seven cultures, and IFN-γ production (1.7- 〉 66IU/ml) in 14 and 11 of 20 cultures, respectively. IL-4 production rose steeply after 6 days of antigen stimulation suggesting a response due to antigen recognition. Both IL-4 and IFN-γ production was abrogated by depletion of CD2+ or CD4+ but not CD8+ cells. CD2+ or CD4+ but not CD8+ enriched cultures produced cytokines as unseparated PBMC. Thus, in non-exposed individuals circulating Leishmania reactive CD4+ T cells could be demonstrated. The cells from different individuals showed different patterns of IFN-γ and/or IL-4 production upon antigenic stimulation. In experimental leishmaniasis the early balance between IFN-γ and IL-4 is important for the clinical outcome. Our findings call for studies of the importance of cytokine production by cross-reactive T cells for the outcome of L. donovani infections in humans and show that the method for IL-4 detection is useful for this purpose.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03577.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anti-Interleukin-6 Antibodies in Normal Human Serum (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 33 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: High-avidity IgG antibodies to the cytokine inlerleukin-6 (IL-6) were found in sera of apparently healthy adult individuals. These antibodies specifically interfered with an FLISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for IL-6 in which specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies to human recombinant IL-6 (rlL-6) were used. Furthermore. using precipitation of 125-I-rIL-6 with rabbit antibodies to human immunoglobulins (Ig). the sera of 7 out of 6S Danish blood donors were found to contain specific antibodies in substantial amounts. Judged by ELISA interference, gel filtration of sera incubated with 125I-rIL-6 and second antibody precipitation of 125I-rIL-6. IgG seemed to be the dominant IL-6 binding protein in these normal sera. Using specific antibodies to human in light chains, it was found that the anti-lL-6 antibodies were of polyclonal origin. Moreover, there are at least two epitopes on the IL-6 molecule, because more than one IgG bound lo some IL-6 molecules at the same time, The anti-IL-6 antibodies did not cross-react with a number of other human recombinant-derived and native cytokines. The antibodies recognized native as well as rlL-6. but preferentially monomeric lL-6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb02552.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anti-Interleukin-6 Autoantibodies in Plasma are Associated with an Increased Frequency of Infections and Increased Mortality of Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Altered cytokine metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Recently, autoantibodies to cytokines have been proposed to act as modifiers of cytokine functions. In this study plasma levels of anti-interleukin-1α (IL-1α autoantibodies and anti-IL-6 autoantibodies were determined by RIAs in 96 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in 16 healthy individuals. After 19 months (median) the prognostic significance of the cytokine autoantibodies was investigated using univariate analysis (Log-rank test) and multivariate regression analysis (Cox model). The seroprevalences of anti-IL-1α autoantibodies and anti-IL-6 autoantibodies (42 and 18%, respectively) in the patients were not different from healthy individuals and did not relate to severity of liver disease. The presence of anti-IL-1α autoantibodies was of no prognostic significance. Independent of severity of liver disease, patients with anti-IL-6 autoantibodies in plasma had a higher risk of acquiring infections and higher risk of death (P 〈 0.02) compared to patients without anti-IL-6 autoantibodies. The authors concluded that anti-IL-6 autoantibodies are associated with increased mortality when present in the plasma of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, which is probably secondary to recurrent infections, but not to underlying severity of liver disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-344.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Somatostatin attenuates the hyperthermia induced increase in neutrophil concentration (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 77 (1997), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hyperthermia ; Hormones ; Growth hormone ; Immunology ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the immune changes seen during in vivo whole body hyperthermia are mediated by elevations in the plasma concentrations of either catecholamines, growth hormone or β-endorphins. Eight healthy volunteers were immersed in a hot water bath (WI; water temperature 39.5°C) for 2 h during which their rectal temperature rose to 39.5°C. In a single blind, randomized, cross-over study the stress hormone effects were blocked one at a time by administration of propranolol, somatostatin or naloxone; the results were compared to those obtained during saline infusion (control). Blood samples were collected before, at the end of 2 h of WI (body temperature 39.5°C), and 2 h later. Hormone blockade did not abolish the hyperthermia-induced recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to the blood, and no influence was observed on the percentages or concentrations of any other subpopulations of blood mononuclear cells, except that the number of cluster designation (CD)3+ cells slightly increased after hyperthermia only in the propranolol experiment. Furthermore, the NK cell activity, both unstimulated and interferon-α or interleukin-2 stimulated, did not differ from the control situation. It is of interest, however, that somatostatin partly abolished the hyperthermia induced increase in the neutrophil number. Based on these data and previous results showing that growth hormone infusion increases the concentration of neutrophils in the blood, it is suggested that growth hormone is at least partly responsible for hyperthermia induced neutrocytosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050313
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    5-Hydroxytryptamine2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptors mediate serotonin-induced short-circuit current in pig jejunum (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1994), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Jejunum ; Intestinal secretion ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Pig ; Pharmacology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methysergide, ketanserin, granisetron, cisapride, and renzapride on serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-evoked short-circuit current in muscle and myenteric plexus-stripped pig jejunum using the Ussing chamber technique. Ketanserin, granisetron, cisapride, and renzapride all reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced increase in short-circuit current by about 50%. Combination of ketanserin and granisetron only reduced the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced peak increase in short-circuit current by 25%. Cisapride caused a small concentration-dependent increase in short-circuit current. Atropine and hexamethonium both almost completely suppressed the cisapride-induced peak increase in short-circuit current. Ketanserin, granisetron, methysergide, and renzapride did not alter the basal short-circuit current. These results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine elicits an increase in short-circuit current by activating epithelial and submucosal 5-hydroxytryptamine2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor subtypes. Furthermore, the short-circuit current-increasing effect of cisapride, is due to activation of at least muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302548
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age and segmental differences in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced hypersecretion in the pig small intestine (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Intestinal secretion ; Serotonin ; Cholera toxin ; Enterotoxigenic diarrhoea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract 5-Hydroxytryptamine is a mediator in cholera toxin-induced hypersecretion in the small intestine. Our hypothesis is that the hypersecretion induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in the small intestine decreases with increasing age and in an aboral direction in the small intestine. In vivo, measuring accumulated fluid in ligated loops, the apparent maximal efficacy of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced jejunal secretion in pig neonates was 4.8±1.1 mg·mg−1 dry loop·45 min−1. The apparent maximal efficacy decreased by 23% and 63% in young and adult pigs, respectively, compared with neonates. In vitro, measuring changes in short-circuit current in Ussing chambers, the apparent maximal efficacy was 66.7±4.8 μA·cm−2 in neonates and was reduced by 30% and 57% in young and adult pigs, respectively. Young pigs were used in the segmental study. The apparent maximal efficacy in vivo was 3.7±0.5 mg·mg−1 dry loop and decreased by 22% and 56% in the mid and distal small intestine, respectively. By contrast, in vitro the apparent maximal efficacy was elevated by 56% to 72.0±5.0 μA·cm−2 in the distal compared with the proximal part. In conclusion, the secretory response to 5-hydroxytryptamine in pig small intestine decreases with increasing age and in the aboral direction according to in vivo results. We suggest that the decrease in sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine can explain a part of the reduced secretory response to cholera toxin with age and in the aboral direction of the small intestine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264635
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