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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung FÄlle von erworbener C¯1-Esterase-Inhibitor (C¯1-INH)-Defizienz sind im Zusammenhang mit Serum-Immunoglobulin-VerÄnderungen beschrieben worden. Wir konnten drei weitere Patienten mit einem solchen Inhibitormangel, die an einer lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung mit Serum-Immunoglobin-VerÄnderungen litten, untersuchen. Es handelte sich um zwei Frauen mit chronisch-lymphatischer LeukÄmie und 7 S-IgM-Immunoglobulinen im Serum und eine dritte Patientin mit Lymphosarkom, KÄlte-Urtikaria und monoklonale IgG1-KryoglobulinÄmie. Bei diesen drei Patienten wurde ein Ähnliches Komplementprofil wie bei früher beschriebenen Patienten mit erworbener Defizienz des C¯1-INH gefunden: Verminderung der gesamten Komplementkonzentration, der C1-, C4- und C2-Komponenten, normaler Wert der C3-, C5-, C6-, C7-Komponenten, und normale Funktion des “alternativen pathways”. Nur eine Patientin mit erheblicher Defizienz des C¯1-INH (weniger als 10% des Normalwertes) zeigte klinische Symptome des angio-neurotischen ödems. Eine starke antikomplementÄre SerumaktivitÄt wurde in allen drei FÄllen nachgewiesen und in vitro-Tests demonstrierten, da\ diese AktivitÄt gegen die C1-Komponente gerichtet war. Die C¯1-INH-Defizienz ist sehr wahrscheinlich die Konsequenz der hohen C1-Aktivierung, aber andere Ursachen für die Verminderung des C¯1-INH können nicht ausgeschlossen werden: erniedrigte Synthese oder direkte Aktion der 7S-IgM-Immunoglobuline gegen den Inhibitor. Die folgenden Befunde sprechen für eine erworbene Defizienz des C¯1-INH: Abwesenheit einer Familiengeschichte von angio-neurotischem ödem. Abwesenheit einer C¯1-INH-Defizienz bei den Kindern der Patienten. Die Absenkung des Wertes der C-1-Komponente zusÄtzlich einer Senkung der C4- und C2-Komponenten, wÄhrend im hereditÄren angio-neurotischen ödem die C1-Komponente normal bleibt. Die Entdeckung abnormaler Immunoglobuline im Serum und einer anti-komplementÄren AktivitÄt gegen die C1-Komponente bei einem Patienten, der an einer lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung leidet. Diese Beobachtungen betonen die Wichtigkeit der Studie des Komplementsystems bei Erkrankungen mit VerÄnderung der Serum-Immunoglobuline und zeigen auch, da\ die Beobachtung einer Senkung der gesamten Komplementkonzentration zu einer vollstÄndigeren Studie des Komplementsystems führen soll.
    Notes: Summary Some cases of acquired C¯1-inhibitor (C¯1-INH) deficiencies have been reported in patients with serum immunoglobulin abnormalities. We recently discovered three additional cases in patients with lymphoproliferative disease and abnormal serum immunoglobulins: two female patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and circulating 7S IgM, one female patient with lymphosarcoma, cold urticaria and a monoclonal IgG1-χ-kryoglobulin. The three patients had a complement profile similar to that seen in patients having an acquired deficiency of C¯1-INH: Low levels of total complement and of the early complement components (C1, C4, C2), normal levels of C3, C5, C6, C7 and normal function of the alternate pathway. Only one patient with a profound diminution of C¯1-INH showed symptoms of angio-oedema. Strong anticomplementary activity was present in the three sera and in vitro tests demonstrated a high capacity of the sera to activate C¯1. The C¯1-INH deficiency is most likely due to its interaction with activated C1. The following findings indicate an acquired C¯1-INH depletion: absence of angiooedema in the family, absence of C¯1-INH deficiency in the patient's children, the finding of extremely low levels of C1 in addition to low levels of C4 and C2, presence of an abnormal serum immunoglobulin and high serum anticomplementary activity directed toward C1 in a patient suffering from a lymphoproliferative disease. These observations stress the importance of the study of the complement system in affections involving immunoglobulin abnormalities and show that identification of a reduced level in haemolytical complement ought to lead to further investigations of the complement system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leukocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression on two widespread tumor cell lines: K562 (an erythroleukemia) and MOLT-4 (a T leukemia), was investigated using two monoclonal antibodies specific for the α chain of this surface antigen, and flow cytometry analysis. When K562 cells are in the exponential phase of growth, they display very low levels of LFA-1. By contrast, cells from the plateau phase exhibit a strong labelling, which disappears rapidly when they are allowed to resume division by changing the culture medium. Using the same experimental conditions, we failed to detect any LFA-1 expression on MOLT-4 cells. However, after stimulation of these cells by phorbol myristate acetate, we observed a significant labelling, which occurred within 2 days of treatment. The LFA-1 expression disappears progressively after removal of the phorbol ester. From these results it may be concluded that (a) LFA-1 expression can vary considerably according to the culture conditions, (b) the expression of this antigen on the surface of non-expressing variants can be induced by phorbol ester, and (c) in both cases, the change in expression can be reversed completely by replacing the culture medium or by removing phorbol myristate acetate from it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; LFA-1 ; Murine tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using anti-CD11a and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed respectively against the α and the β chains of LFA-1, we obtained an important and specific staining of P815 murine tumour cells. Both ascitic and cultured cells displayed a positive staining. Other murine tumours of haematopoietic origin, as well as lymphocytes or lymphoblasts from DBA/2 mice, were not labelled by the same monoclonal antibodies. These results were surprising since, to our knowledge, no case of cross-reaction between species has been reported with LFA-1. Moreover, competition assays showed that epitopes recognized by the two anti-CD11a antibodies were different from those identified by H35.89.9, a mAb raised against the murine LFA-1 α chain. Using allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we also showed that anti-(human LFA-1) mAbs were unable to block the lysis of P815 by these effector cells. Thus, the putative functional properties of these structures, as well as their importance from an antigeneic point of view, remain to be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 557-560 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words MICA ; HLA ; MHC ; Haplotypes ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The antigenic determinants of human C4 have been defined by human IgG antisera, Rodgers (Rg) and Chido (Ch), in hemagglutination-inhibition assays (HAI). Eight (2 Rg and 6 Ch) are of high frequency, 〉 90% , and 1, WH, is of low frequency, 15 %. The phenotypic combinations are complex; generally, C4A expresses Rg, and C4B has Ch, but reverse antigenicities have been established both by HAI and by sequence data of selected C4 allotypes. A study of 325 families provides data on the antigenic expression of each C4 allotype and demonstrates strong associations. A structural model for the antigenic determinants of C4 proteins has been proposed and is completely supported by the family material. Of the 16 possible antigenic combinations for C4 proteins, only 3 are undetected. A new Ch combination has been recorded in two French families. The reported sequence variation within the C4d region can account for the antigenic determinants but leaves the location of electrophoretic variation in C4 still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The hallmark of the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is their astonishing level of polymorphism, a characteristic not shared by the nonclassical MHC class I genes. A distinct family of MHC class I genes has been recently identified within the human MHC class I region. The MICA (MHC class I chain-related A) gene in this family is a highly divergent member of the MHC class I family and has a unique pattern of tissue expression. We have sequenced exons encoding the extracellular α1, α2, and α3 domains of the MICA gene from twenty HLA homozygous typing cell lines and four unrelated individuals. We report the identification of eleven new alleles defined by a total of twenty-two amino acid substitutions. Thus, the total number of MICA alleles is sixteen. Interestingly, a tentative superimposition of MICA variable residues on the HLA-A2 structure reveals a unique pattern of distribution, concentrated primarily on the outer edge of the MICA putative antigen binding cleft, apparently bordering an invariant ligand binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The finding of two duplicated C4A haplotypes in a normal French family led to a detailed study of their C4 polymorphism. The father had an extremely rare A*6A*11, B* QO haplotype inherited by all of his children and the mother had the more common A*3A*2, B*QO haplotype. Two HLA identical daughters only have four C4A alleles. The father's A11 allotype expresses Ch: 1 (Chido) rather than Rg:1 (Rodgers) and represents a new Ch phenotype Ch: 1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6. In order to clarify the genetic background in this unusual family, DNA studies of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were undertake. The father's rare haplotype, which expresses two C4A allotypes, results from a long and a short C4 gene normally associated with the A*6, B*1 that also exhibits the BglII RFLP. As it travels in an extended MHC haplotype HLA A2, B57 (17), C2*C, BF*S, DR7 that is most frequently associated with A*6, B*1, we postulate that the short C4B has been converted in the α chain region to a C4A gene which produces a C4A protein. This report of a short C4A gene is the first example in the complex polymorphism of C4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Complement deficiency ; classical pathway ; C2 ; C4 ; systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic deficiencies of components of the classical pathway of complement activation are associated with an increased risk for the development of autoimmune and immune complex-mediated diseases. In the present study we report on the molecular and clinical features associated with combined heterozygous C4 and C2 deficiency in 15 individuals investigated within six families. Approximately 30% of the individuals manifested SLE or another autoimmune condition. Heterozygous C2 deficiency was related to a 28-bp deletion in the C2 gene (C2 deficiency type I), in most cases within the HLA-A25 B18 C2Q0 BfS C4A4B2 DR2 haplotype. Among 13 partial C4-deficient haplotypes transmitted, 8 carried C4A*Q0 alleles and 5 C4B*Q0 alleles. In seven cases the C4A*Q0 alleles were associated with a deletion of the C4A/CYP21P genes within the HLA-B8 C2C BfS C4AQ0B1 DR3 haplotype. In three cases, the C4B*Q0 allele was associated with a deletion of the C4B/CYP21P genes within the HLA-B18 C2C BfF1 C4A3BQ0 DR3 haplotype. In the other cases, C4A*Q0 or C4B*Q0 was dependent on as yet uncharacterized defects in the C4 gene or in C4 gene expression. In view of the relatively high frequency of heterozygous C4 deficiency in the normal Caucasian population, the expected frequency of the combined deficiency should approximate 0.001.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: C4 deficiency ; complement ; systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although null alleles of complement C4 genes (C4A *Q0 andC4B *Q0) are frequent in the normal population, the occurrence of two null alleles on the same chromosome is very rare and therefore complete C4 deficiency is exceptional. We describe a 16-year-old North African boy who presented with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement and persistent undetectable classical pathway activity and C4 protein and hemolytic activity in plasma, with normal C3 levels. Similar complement abnormalities were observed in his healthy 12-year-old brother. Complete C4 deficiency was documented in the two brothers by investigation of the family and the lack of C4A and C4B bands upon phenotyping of C4. Southern blot analysis of the C4/CYP21 gene organization in the family indicated that the deficiency resulted from a deletion of the C4B/CYP21A genes associated with nonexpression of a C4A gene. The double-null haplotype was found to be associated with homozygous A2 B17 C2C BFF C4 AQO BQO DR7 HLA haplotype. Thus, similar C4 deficiencies with HLA identity may lead to different clinical presentations.
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