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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic transmission in STOP null mice (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroleptics are thought to exert their anti-psychotic effects by counteracting a hyper-dopaminergic transmission. Here, we have examined the dopaminergic status of STOP (stable tubule only polypeptide) null mice, which lack a microtubule-stabilizing protein and which display neuroleptic-sensitive behavioural disorders. Dopamine transmission was investigated using both behavioural analysis and measurements of dopamine efflux in different conditions. Compared to wild-type mice in basal conditions or following mild stress, STOP null mice showed a hyper-locomotor activity, which was erased by neuroleptic treatment, and an increased locomotor reactivity to amphetamine. Such a behavioural profile is indicative of an increased dopaminergic transmission. In STOP null mice, the basal dopamine concentrations, measured by quantitative microdialysis, were normal in both the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. When measured by electrochemical techniques, the dopamine efflux evoked by electrical stimulations mimicking physiological stimuli was dramatically increased in the nucleus accumbens of STOP null mice, apparently due to an increased dopamine release, whereas dopaminergic uptake and auto-inhibition mechanisms were normal. In contrast, dopamine effluxes were slightly diminished in the striatum. Together with previous results, the present study indicates the association in STOP null mice of hippocampal hypo-glutamatergy and of limbic hyper-dopaminergy. Such neurotransmission defects are thought to be central to mental diseases such as schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03166.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific involvement of neurotensin type 1 receptor in the neurotensin-mediated in vivo dopamine efflux using knock-out mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 89 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide neurotransmitter known to be involved in psychiatric disorders, various physiological processes and several different neurobiological mechanisms, including modulation of accumbal dopamine release. Two neurotensin extracellular binding sites, namely NT1- and NT2-receptor (NT1R and NT2R), have been cloned from the rat brain. These receptors are distinguishable by their different in vitro pharmacological properties but the available pharmacological tools have weak in vivo potency and specificity. The use of genetically engineered knock-out mice has provided a powerful alternative to the classical pharmacological approach to investigate their respective roles. In this study, using in vivo differential pulse amperometry, we show that, in wild-type mice, neurotensin application into the ventral tegmental area dose-dependently evokes dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens. This neurotensin-mediated efflux is dramatically decreased in mice lacking NT1R while it is unaffected in NT2R-deleted mice. This finding indicates that a large part of the dopamine efflux evoked by neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens of wild-type mice is mediated via NT1R present in the ventral tegmental area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02231.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the involvement of a tonic dopamine D2-autoinhibition in the regulation of pulse-to-pulse-evoked dopamine release in the rat striatum in vivo (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 716-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Amperometry ; Autoreceptors ; D2-type receptors ; Dopamine ; Haloperidol ; Striatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dopamine overflow evoked by trains of electrical stimulation pulses applied to the ascending dopaminergic pathway was measured with continuous amperometry in the striatum of anesthetised rats. As previously observed in in vitro studies, a pulse by pulse analysis showed a fall in dopamine overflow evoked by pulses 2 to 6, compared to the response evoked by pulse 1. However, in contrast with in vitro findings, the present in vivo data showed that the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol i) completely reverses the fall in dopamine overflow between pulse 1 and subsequent pulses, ii) enhances the dopamine overflow elicited by pulse 1. These results suggest that in vivo, both basal and pulse-evoked dopamine overflow results in stimulation of dopamine D2-type autoreceptors and therefore in regulation of dopamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis in children (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Renal artery stenosis ; Doppler ultrasound ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To evaluate the reliability of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in identifying children with renal artery stenosis (RAS) among those with hypertension, we compared Doppler US results in 22 hypertensive children (mean age 8.9±4.3 years), with (13 cases) and without RAS at angiography, and in 33 normotensive children (mean age 8.8±4.7 years). We observed 2 false-negatives and 2 false-positives with Doppler US. Of the 2 false-negative diagnoses, 1 had RAS on an accessory renal artery located behind a normal upper polar artery and the other was observed in a patient with bilateral multiple stenosis of the very distal segments of renal arteries. The 2 false-positive diagnoses were due to sinuous left renal artery and to technical reasons, respectively. In another patient, Doppler US showed a tight RAS, while arteriography was normal. RAS was subsequently confirmed by a second arteriography. Peak systolic velocity values of Doppler US were significantly higher in patients with proven angiographic RAS (3.44±0.66 m/s) than in hypertensive patients with normal renal arteries at angiography (0.99±0.35 m/s, P 〈0.0001) and normotensive healthy children (1.04±0.23 m/s, P 〈0.0001). With the use of multiple views, and the experience acquired with practice, false-negatives or false-positives due to the geometry of the renal artery can be avoided. Nevertheless, very distal stenosis can be missed by Doppler US.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050227
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in renal transplant children (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 194-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Renal transplant ; Renal insufficiency ; Cytomegalovirus ; Ganciclovir ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative children received renal transplants from CMV-seropositive donors and developed clinical symptoms of CMV infection between days 20 and 34 post transplantation. Ganciclovir (DHPG) was administered in a 1-h infusion, and the doses and dose intervals were adapted to the degree of renal insufficiency, according to the manufacturer's recommendations for adults. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters of DHPG were determined and were markedly altered. Plasma clearances were 0.4, 1.1 and 2.2 ml/min per kg and were related to individual creatinine clearances (20, 45 and 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2); the corresponding elimination half-lives were 23.7, 9.9 and 3.9 h. In two patients, the doses had to be further reduced in order to maintain plasma levels within the recommended values for peak and trough plasma concentrations. Therefore, monitoring of DHPG appears essential in adjusting dosage for optimal efficacy and minimal toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete inherited deficiency of the fourth complement component in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus and his disease-free brother in a North African family (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 14 (1994), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: C4 deficiency ; complement ; systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although null alleles of complement C4 genes (C4A *Q0 andC4B *Q0) are frequent in the normal population, the occurrence of two null alleles on the same chromosome is very rare and therefore complete C4 deficiency is exceptional. We describe a 16-year-old North African boy who presented with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement and persistent undetectable classical pathway activity and C4 protein and hemolytic activity in plasma, with normal C3 levels. Similar complement abnormalities were observed in his healthy 12-year-old brother. Complete C4 deficiency was documented in the two brothers by investigation of the family and the lack of C4A and C4B bands upon phenotyping of C4. Southern blot analysis of the C4/CYP21 gene organization in the family indicated that the deficiency resulted from a deletion of the C4B/CYP21A genes associated with nonexpression of a C4A gene. The double-null haplotype was found to be associated with homozygous A2 B17 C2C BFF C4 AQO BQO DR7 HLA haplotype. Thus, similar C4 deficiencies with HLA identity may lead to different clinical presentations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540980
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