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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Free boundary value problems; Vol. 95 (1990)
    Basel u.a. :Birkhäuser,
    Details
    Title: Free boundary value problems; Vol. 95
    Contributer: Hoffmann, K.-H. , Sprekels, J.
    Publisher: Basel u.a. :Birkhäuser,
    Year of publication: 1990
    Pages: 275 S.
    Series Statement: International series of numerical mathematics Vol. 95
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal simulated annealing schedules for self similar systems (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5501-5508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The successful application of the stochastic optimization method known as simulated annealing can depend very much on the appropriate annealing schedule. While determining optimal schedules for arbitrary complex optimization problems is beyond the current scope, we here determine optimal schedules for a special class of systems with known properties. The state spaces of these special systems have the structure of self similar trees. Using methods of optimal control theory, we are able to predict the optimal schedule analytically for two distinct optimization criteria. These predictions are shown to be in good agreement with numerical results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359253
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization and fragmentation of C60 with sub-50 fs laser pulses (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2781-2789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas-phase C60 photoionization and photofragmentation experiments were performed using a sub-50 fs Ti Sapphire laser system and reflectron time-of-flight (RETOF) mass spectrometer. The dependence of the C60+ and C602+ signals on the laser intensity for the fundamental (795 nm) and second harmonic (ca. 400 nm) has been determined. For low laser intensities, before the onset of fragmentation, single ionization is a direct multiphoton process. Double ionization is a sequential process in which C602+ originates from already singly ionized fullerenes. At laser intensities beyond the onset of C602+ there is considerable metastable fragmentation indicating a strong coupling of electronic excitation energy into vibrational degrees of freedom that appears to be in competition with multiple ionization. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480852
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transputer-based measuring system for decentralized signal processing, applied to two-phase flow (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5045-5049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An innovative concept for decentralized processing of the signals of multiple sensors is presented. The basic idea is to connect every sensor via an analog-to-digital converter with a high-performance microprocessor, a transputer, that exclusively collects and processes its signal. The transputers are linked to a powerful network. Exemplarily, a measuring system based on this concept was used for the determination of local parameters of liquid–gas two-phase flows (e.g., local void fraction and bubble frequency). Up to six fiber-optical probes were utilized simultaneously to demonstrate the efficiency of the system. The signal processing under that special application may include on-line evaluation of flow parameters and on-line correction of errors of measurement due to sensor-induced effects. The concept of the new system, however, is basically independent of the number and type of sensors, as well as of the method of signal processing. The transputer-based measuring system thus provides a flexible, efficient tool for applications in which great amounts of data have to be evaluated or manipulated quickly. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146128
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR spectra of low-symmetry tetrahedral high-spin cobalt(II) in a cinchoninium tetrachlorocobaltate(II) dihydrate single crystal (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 4009-4012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00218a009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Synthesis of 2,7-Naphthyridine Derivatives1 (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 3220-3222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01641a037
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet protection by summer textiles. Ultraviolet transmission measurements verified by determination of the minimal erythema dose with solar-simulated radiation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Apart from sunscreen lotions, clothing provides protection from acute and chronic sun damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) of textiles, in particular of lightweight summer clothing. Usually, the UPF of a textile is determined by spectrophotometric assessment of the UV transmission (in vitro method). Objectives  To compare the relationship between in vitro tests and in vivo tests of UPF using solar simulators for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED), applied to 30 different summer textiles. Methods  Thirty summer textiles were spectrophotometrically assessed, and UPFs were calculated with respect to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal action spectrum.1 Based on the in vitro UPFs ‘on skin’ and ‘off skin’, in vivo testing was performed using a solar simulator for the determination of the MEDunprotected and MEDprotected. Results  The UPFs obtained from in vivo‘on skin’ testing were significantly (r = 0·95; P 〈 0·001) lower than the predicted in vitro UPFs. This disparity was also confirmed by chromometric assessment of the MED testing; the erythemal responses measured after textile protection were significantly (P 〈 0·001) higher than those obtained without protection. However, the in vivo‘off skin’ UPFs did not significantly (r = 0·98; P 〉 0·05) differ from the in vitro UPFs; comparison of the chromometrically assessed erythemal responses was also insignificant (P 〉 0·05). Conclusions  The different correlation between in vitro and in vivo measurements of the UPF may be due to the optical–geometrical properties of textiles and the different amount of direct and diffuse radiation passing through the spaces between the yarns. As spectrophotometric measurements of a textile may generally yield lower UPFs than those obtained under average field conditions, the in vitro test method provides ‘safe’ UPF values representing a ‘worst-case scenario’. In contrast to in vitro testing, in vivo methods are much more expensive and time-consuming. Thus, with respect to practicality, spectrophotometric measurements seem to be most suitable for the evaluation of UV protection of textiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04072.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic and neural analysis of skin cancer (DANAOS). A multicentre study for collection and computer-aided analysis of data from pigmented skin lesions using digital dermoscopy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Early detection of melanomas by means of diverse screening campaigns is an important step towards a reduction in mortality. Computer-aided analysis of digital images obtained by dermoscopy has been reported to be an accurate, practical and time-saving tool for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). A prototype for the computer-aided diagnosis of PSLs using artificial neural networks (NNs) has recently been developed: diagnostic and neural analysis of skin cancer (DANAOS).Objectives  To demonstrate the accuracy of PSL diagnosis by the DANAOS expert system, a multicentre study on a diverse multinational population was conducted.Methods  A calibrated camera system was developed and used to collect images of PSLs in a multicentre study in 13 dermatology centres in nine European countries. The dataset was used to train an NN expert system for the computer-aided diagnosis of melanoma. We analysed different aspects of the data collection and its influence on the performance of the expert system. The NN expert system was trained with a dataset of 2218 dermoscopic images of PSLs.Results  The resulting expert system showed a performance similar to that of dermatologists as published in the literature. The performance depended on the size and quality of the database and its selection.Conclusions  The need for a large database, the usefulness of multicentre data collection, as well as the benefit of a representative collection of cases from clinical practice, were demonstrated in this trial. Images that were difficult to classify using the NN expert system were not identical to those found difficult to classify by clinicians. We suggest therefore that the combination of clinician and computer may potentially increase the accuracy of PSL diagnosis. This may result in improved detection of melanoma and a reduction in unnecessary excisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05547.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wound healing model with sonographic monitoring (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 18 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The methods used hitherto for quantification of skin repair processes only allow an examiner a two-dimensional assessment of superficial wound healing. With the recent advent of high frequency B-scan ultrasonography in dermatology it has become possible to follow the course of healing and evaluate the healing processes in deeper layers of the skin. In this investigation 80 patients received cryosurgery for treatment of basal cell carcinomas on the face or neck region. As the size of cryosurgical defects can be precisely controlled they are potentially useful as standardized wound healing models. The course of wound healing after cryosurgery using a digital ultrasound scanner (DUB 20, Taberna pro medicum, Lüneburg, Germany) was monitored. The usable depth of penetration of the echo signal is ≈200μm, the axial resolution ∼80 μm. The cryolesion and the repair processes were examined ultrasonographically and clinically over a period of at least 3 weeks or until the wound had completely healed. The depth of invasion and lateral extent of the basal cell carcinoma as well as the size of the induced cryolesion can be determined by ultrasound. The exudative phase after cryosurgery, with developing oedema and necrosis, can be quantified on the basis of the reduced reflectivity in the corium. The repair processes taking place in the region of necrosis can be visualized in the ultrasound scan. The ultrasonically monitored wound healing model which we have demonstrated is particularly suitable for investigating the efficacy of drugs which promote healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb02174.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’ treated with topical calcipotriol and cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00626.x
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