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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction:  The human collectins, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and surfactant-protein-D (SP-D) play a central role in the innate immune system. Immunological responses to malignant transformation of epithelial cells gained increasing interest recently. A former study could demonstrate binding of MBL to certain colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines in vitro. We therefore examined the expression of human collectins in normal colon mucosa and in colorectal carcinomas.Materials and methods:  Colon samples from 20 CRC patients and 10 normal mucosa samples were collected immediately after surgery. The tissue was microdissected and RNA isolated (Qiagen, Rneasy-Kit). Gene expression profiles were analysed using Gene-chips (Affymetrix, HG-U133). We analysed the data for the expression of MBL, its associated serine proteases mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1/2 (MASP 1/2), SP-A and SP-D. The signal intensity of the genes of interest was compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test.Results:  The expression of human collectins in normal human colon mucosa was generally low. Only the expression of SP-A and MASP-2 reached the noise threshold of 250 signals. These genes were significantly downregulated in CRC specimens. The expression of the other proteins showed no difference in normal mucosa and CRC.Conclusion:  As demonstrated before, the expression of human collectins in normal colon was low in this study. Only SP-A showed a significant expression in normal mucosa which was downregulated in CRC. As the absolute signal level was below the noise threshold, these results have to be interpreted with caution and require confirmation by direct measurenment of the proteins. Our results suggest that there is no major role for the human collectins in colorectal cancer.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Beta-catenin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis ; Predictive value ; Prognosis ; Rectal cancer ; Tumor marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta, T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor, and beta-catenin modulate cell differentiation and proliferation via the expression of effector genes. It has recently been postulated that betacatenin is a potent oncogene of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis and a prognostic tumor marker. Our aim was to investigate whether the nuclear overexpression of betacatenin, possibly caused by mutations in exon 3 of betacatenin (CTNNB1), is correlated with distant metastatic spread or disease-free survival in rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-beta-catenin-monoclonal antibody on paraffin sections of two groups of patients (n=2 × 77) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone. The patients selected were all free of local disease, to exclude surgical influence. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, International Union Against Cancer stage, and year of operation (1982 to 1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread. Follow-up was prospective (median, 9.6 years). Three staining patterns were defined: membranous (normal), diffuse cytoplasmic (pathologic), and intense nuclear staining (pathologic). When intense nuclear staining was defined, the specimen was microdissected. Then, DNA was isolated, polymerase chain reaction-amplified, and sequenced to detect mutations in exon 3. RESULTS: Nuclear overexpression of beta-catenin correlated neither with distant metastatic spread (chisquared, 0.37;P=0.79) nor with disease-free survival (log-rank with trend,P=0.62). No mutations were found in the area of the serine/threonine-kinase glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta-phosphorylation site in exon 3 (CTNNB1) of beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: Although beta-catenin seems to play an important role in early colorectal carcinogenesis, its value as a prognostic marker is questionable. It must be assumed that metastatic ability is determined by other factors than the disturbance of the beta-catenin T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor cascade and that other mechanisms might cause the observed nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 215-224 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery ; Port site metastases ; Pitfalls of laparoscopy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische colorectale Chirurgie ; Port-site-Metastasen ; Onkologische Fehler bei der Laparoskopie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die onkologischen Probleme bei laparoskopisch colorectalen Eingriffen in kurativer Intention bestehen im Auftreten von Port-site-Metastasen, in einer inadäquaten Radikalität, einer Tumorzellverschleppung durch ungeschützte Präparatebergung und unzureichende Operationstechnik sowie Nichtbeachtung technisch-onkologischer Grenzen bei bestimmten Tumorlokalisationen. Die bisher vorliegenden Untersuchungen ergeben eine mehr mechanische Pathogenese der Port-site-Metastasen durch Verschleppung von Tumorzellen in die Trokareinstichstellen über Instrumente, Trokare und Resektionspräparate. Durch entsprechende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen scheint somit eine Vermeidung möglich. Das CO2-Pneumoperitoneum spielt anscheinend eine untergeordnete Rolle bei der Entstehung der Port-site-Metastasen. Die onkologische Radikalität laparoskopischer Eingriffe beim colorectalen Carcinom kann bei fehlenden Langzeitdaten zur Zeit nicht beurteilt werden. Es liegen lediglich vereinzelte Untersuchungen zur Zahl der bei den Eingriffen mitentfernten Lymphknoten vor. Die Anzahl scheint nicht die bei vergleichbaren offenen Resektionen zu erreichen, eine genauere Analyse müßte jedoch die selektionierten Indikationen nach Tumorgröße und -lokalisation berücksichtigen. Die Vielzahl der möglichen Fehler und Gefahren der onkologischen laparoskopischen Chirurgie führt zu der klaren Forderung, daß die Eingriffe nur innerhalb von prospektiven klinischen Studien mit selektionierten Indikationen erfolgen sollten. Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie für alle Tumorstadien und -lokalisationen ist vor diesem Hintergrund kritisch zu werten.
    Notes: Summary. Oncological problems associated with laparoscopic colorectal surgery with curative intent include port site metastases, inadequate radicality, seeding of tumour cells through unprotected recovery of the surgical specimen, faulty surgical technique, and failure to observe the technical and/or oncological limitations applicable to certain tumour sites. Investigations so far reported reveal a preponderance of mechanical pathogenesis of port site metastases caused by the contamination of trocar entry ports by tumour cells borne on instruments, trocars and resected material. This suggests that appropriate precautionary measures could resolve the problem. It appears that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum plays only a minor role in the development of port site metastases. Owing to a lack of long-term data, the oncological radicality of laparosopic resections for colorectal carcinoma cannot be assessed; merely a few reports on the number of lymph nodes removed during such operations have been published. Nevertheless, it would appear that fewer lymph nodes were removed than with comparable conventional surgery. However, a more accurate analysis needs to take account of the fact that the indication for laparoscopic surgery is determined by the size and location of the tumour. The many potential pitfalls and hazards of oncological laparoscopic surgery make it mandatory that such interventions should be done only within the framework of prospective clinical studies covering limited indications. Randomized prospective studies to cover all tumour stages and sites cannot be recommended.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Gastric fundectomy — Hypergastrinemia — Calciotropic hormones — Bone — Mineral homeostasis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In humans, gastric surgery results in in osteopenia via mechanisms that are insufficiently understood; surgery-induced changes in the hormonal axes involving the stomach, thyroid, and the parathyroids may play a role. To study this in more detail, we evaluated calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) metabolism as well as physical, chemical, and histomorphometric bone parameters in rats rendered hypergastrinemic by fundectomy (FX). In independent experiments, the response to an oral Ca challenge was investigated in intact rats versus FX, and in thyroidectomized versus thyroid-intact FX rats. Sixteen weeks following FX, body weight was approximately 80% that of sham-operated controls. In urine, P excretion was elevated fivefold, the pH was significantly decreased, and cAMP excretion was elevated as compared with controls; serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, 25OHD, Ca, Mg, and P were normal; gastrin and 1,25(OH)2D were elevated. On the basis of bone ash mineral content, FX rats developed significant osteopenia, and histomorphometry indicated only slightly elevated bone turnover and mineralization. Following oral Ca, thyroid-intact FX rats developed hypercalcemia, serum gastrin decreased, and calcitonin increased significantly; in thyroidectomized FX rats, calcitonin remained at baseline levels although there was a similar degree of hypercalcemia; PTH decreased during the hypercalcemic period in both groups. Serum gastrin did not correlate with calcitonin or PTH, and in multivariate regression analysis the only predictor of serum 1,25(OH)2D was urinary phosphorus. It was concluded that in the FX rat (1) osteopenia is not caused by intestinal Ca malabsorption, vitamin D, Ca deficiency, or secondary hyperparathyroidism; (2) osteopenia may be related to PTH-independent urinary hyperexcretion of P, followed by a rise of serum 1,25(OH)2D; (3) the existence of endocrine axes among gastrin, calcitonin, and PTH cannot be substantiated. FX osteopenia appears to be related to gastric acid abolition, and the reactive hypergastrinemia probably stabilizes the mass and turnover of bone.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 11 (1996), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Cette étude expérimentale a pour but de déterminer l'utilité d'une technique d'anastomose totalement laparoscopique du côlon avec l'aide de l'anneau d'anastomose biofragmentable Valtrac et avec l'emploi d'un nouvel applicateur. Après résection colique intra-corporelle fermée avec l'agrafeuse linéaire et après mise en place de bourses, l'extrémité proximale et distale du còlon est ré-ouverte pour permettre la mise en place de l'anneau de Valtrac permettrant de compléter l'anastomose intra-corporelle. Cette technique a été testée chez 8 cochons. Six animaux n'ont développé aucune complication per- ou postopératoire alors que deux cochons ont développé une péritonite fatale suite à une insuffisance de l'anastomose chez l'un des animaux et une sténose anastomotique par déplacement de l'anneau de Valtrac. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la manipulation de l'anneau anastomotique biofragmentable est facilitée par l'usage du nouvel applicateur. Dans les cas non compliqués, l'endoscopie et l'histologie ont montré une guérison per primam avec peu de sclérose et aucune de sténose anastomotique.
    Notes: Abstract. This experimental study examines the usefulness of a totally laparoscopic anastomotic technique in the colon with the aid of the biofragmentable anastomotic Valtrac ring and a newly developed applicator device. Following closed intracorporeal colonic resection with the linear stapler and subsequent re-opening of the proximal and distal bowel ends after placement of a pursestring suture, intracorporeal anastomosis was completed with the Valtrac ring. The technique was tested in 8 pigs. 6 pigs had no intra- or postoperative complications, while 2 pigs developed fatal peritonitis following anastomotic insufficiency in one pig and anastomotic stenosis caused by tilting of the Valtrac ring in the other animal. The results of the study show that handling of the biofragmentable anastomotic ring is facilitated by the use of the new application system. In the uncomplicated case, endoscopy and histology revealed bland healing with little scarring, and no evidence of an anastomotic stenosis.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 12 (1997), S. 82-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Chez 48 patients qui ont subi une résection antérieure pour cancer du rectum avec rétablissement de la continuité colo-rectale, les résultats cliniques et manométriques ont été corrélés avec le niveau de l'anastomose. Le collectif de patients a été divisé en quatre groupes en fonction du niveau de l'anastomose: ≤3, 4 – 6, 7 – 9 et ≤10 cm. Plus le niveau de l'anastomose est bas situé, plus le résultat fonctionnel est altéré en ce qui concerne la fréquence des exonérations, les fuites mineures, l'incontinence fécale, l'aptitude à différer l'exonération et à différencier la consistance des matières. La fréquence, les fuites en raison de l'impossibilité de différer l'exonération, l'incontinence aux selles solides, l'inaptitude à discriminer les gaz des selles et l'exonération in compléte étaient significativement différentes (P〈0,05) entre le collectif de patients avec une anastomose entre 3 et 6 cm et ceux porteurs d'une anastomose entre 7 – 9 cm. Les données manométriques ne montrent aucune tendance ou différence significative entre les différents groupes en ce qui conceme la pression anale de repos et la pression de contraction maximale et médiane. Le réflexe recto-anal inhibiteur était aboli chez 60% des patients, des changement évidents avec une tendance à une diminution de la fonction plus l'anastomose est basse, se traduisent par une diminution du volume nécessaire pour produire un besoin d'exonération d'urgence, un volume tolérable maximum et une compliance du néo-rectum (la différence est statistiquement significative avec P〈0,05 lorsque l'on compare des anastomoses situées entre 7 – 9 cm et celles situées ≥10 cm. Des analyses corrélées à la longueur du rectum résiduel (〈1,5, 1,5 – 4,0, 4,1 – 6,5 〉6,5 cm) montrent des constatations identiques suggérant une altération de la fonction après résection rectale et dues à une diminution de la fonction du néo-rectum. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de conserver le plus de rectum possible sans pour autant compromettre la guérison. Si le niveau de l'anastomose doit se situer à moins de 6 cm ou si le rectum résiduel est de moins de 4 cm, la construction d'une poche colique dans le but d'augmenter la capacité du néo-rectum doit être envisagée.
    Notes: Abstract. In 48 patients who had undergone anterior resection for rectal cancer with straight colorectal reconstruction, clinical and manometric results were correlated with the level of anastomosis. Patients were divided into four groups by anastomotic level: ≤3, 4 – 6, 7 – 9, and ≥10 cm. Functional outcome with regard to frequency of bowel movements, minor leakage, fecal incontinence, ability to defer stool and to differentiate consistency showed increasing impairment the lower the anastomotic level. Frequency, leakage owing to the inability to defer stool, incontinence for solid stool, inability to discriminate flatus from stool, and incomplete emptying were significantly different (P〈0.05) between the patients with an anastomotic level between 3 – 6 cm and between 7 – 9 cm. Manometric data revealed no trend or significant differences among the groups with regard to anal resting pressure and maximal and median squeeze pressure. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was abolished in 60% of the patients. Clear changes, with a trend toward reduced function with lower anastomotic levels, were seen in the volume that produced a feeling of urgency, maximal tolerable volume, and neorectal compliance (between anastomotic levels 7 – 9 and ≥10 cm the differences were significant; P〈0.05). Analysis by length of residual rectum (〈1.5, 1.5 – 4.0, 4.1 – 6.5, 〉6.5 cm) demonstrated similar findings, suggesting that impaired function after rectal resection is due to reduced function of the neorectum. Thus, as much residual rectum as possible should be preserve without risking cure. If the level of the anastomosis is expected to be below 6 cm, or if the residual rectum is less than 4 cm, the construction of a colon pouch to increase neorectal capacity should be considered.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Liver tumour – Embryonal sarcoma – Rupture of the liver. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lebertumor – embryonales Sarkom – Leberruptur.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Undifferenzierte, embryonale Sarkome der Leber sind sehr seltene, maligne Tumore. Sie sind überwiegend bei Kindern im Alter von 6–10 Jahren anzutreffen. Unter den primären Lebertumoren stellen sie im Kindesalter mit 14,1 % nach dem Hepatocellulären Carcinom und der focal nodulären Hyperplasie den dritthäufigsten Tumor dar. Bei Erwachsenen kommen diese Neoplasien sehr viel seltener vor. In der Literatur wurden in den letzten 50 Jahren lediglich 18 Fälle beschrieben. Methoden und Ergebnisse: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über eine 29 jährige Patientin mit einer spontanen Leberruptur berichtet, bei der sich nach der Leberresektion das überraschende histologische Ergebnis eines undifferenzierten Sarkoms ergab. Schlußfolgerung: Der Fallbericht zeigt die Möglichkeit eines embryonalen Sarkoms als Ursache einer spontanen Leberruptur und Vorgehensweise im vorgegebenen Fall durch primäre Tamponade, interventionelle Embolisierung der zuführenden Arterie und sekundäre Resektion bei stabilen Verhältnissen.
    Notes: Summary. Introduction: Undifferentiated, embryonal sarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of the liver, the incidence of which is highest in children between 6 and 10 years of age (14.1 %). Among the primary tumours of the liver in childhood it ranks in third place after hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. Embryonal sarcoma is much rarer in adults. To our knowledge, only 18 cases have been published in the last 50 years. Methods and results: We now present the case of a 29-year-old woman with spontaneous rupture of the liver caused by an undifferentiated sarcoma. Conclusion: This case report illustrates the possibility of an embryonal sarcoma being the reason for spontaneous rupture of the liver. The management of this case comprised primary tamponade, interventional embolisation of the feeding artery, and secondary resection under stable conditions.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer – HNPCC – Hereditary cancer – Amsterdam Criteria – Bethesda-Criteria – Microsatellite instability – MSI. ; Schlüsselwörter: Erbliches Coloncarcinom ohne Polyposis – HNPCC – hereditäre Tumorerkrankungen – Amsterdam-Kriterien – Bethesda-Kriterien – Mikrosatelliteninstabilität – MSI.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Epidemiologische Daten lassen vermuten, daß bis zu 10 % aller colorectalen Carcinome auf eine genetische Tumordisposition zurückzuführen sind [6, 11, 20], wobei das autosomal-dominant vererbte Coloncarcinom ohne Polyposis (HNPCC-Syndrom) am häufigsten auftritt. Dieses Syndrom, das erstmals 1895 von A. Warthin bei einer „Familie G“ beschrieben wurde [14], ist charakterisiert durch eine Prädisposition für frühzeitig auftretende colorectale Carcinome und assoziierte intestinale oder urogenitale Tumore. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 61 jährigen Patientin mit insgesamt 5 verschiedenen Tumorerkrankungen. Sie ist Anlageträgerin eines mutanten Mismatch-Repair-Gens, obwohl sie die Amsterdam-Kriterien nicht erfüllt. Nach einer molekulargenetischen Untersuchung zeigte sich zudem eine positive Anlageträgerschaft bei dem 36 jährigen, bisher völlig gesunden Sohn. Genetische Untersuchungen werden empfohlen für Patienten mit einem colorectalen Carcinom, die die Amsterdam-Kriterien erfüllen. Eine Mutationsanalyse der Keimbahn bei Erfüllen eines der Bethesda-Kriterien 2–7 ohne Amsterdam-Kriterien ist derzeit nur bei MSI positiven Tumoren sinnvoll.
    Notes: Abstract. Epidemiologic data suggest that an underlying genetic disposition can be detected in up to 10 % of all colorectal cancer patients and autosomal dominantly inherited hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the entity most frequently identified. It was described first by A. Warthin in 1895 in “Family G” and is characterized by a predisposition to an early onset of colorectal cancer and other intestinal or genitourinary tumors. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with five different cancers. Although the strict Amsterdam Criteria were not fulfilled, molecular analysis revealed HNPCC; further genetic testing in the family confirmed that the 36-year-old and so far healthy son had inherited the germline mutation of his affected mother. Genetic testing in clinically suspected HNPCC cases is recommended for patients with colorectal cancer meeting the Amsterdam Criteria. In patients meeting one of Bethesda Criteria 2–7 without meeting the Amsterdam Criteria, germline mutation analysis is recommended only in MSI-positive tumors.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 90-93 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter MEN 2a ; Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom ; Kindesalter ; Keywords Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-2A ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. Molecular genetic investigations nowadays allow the possibility to detect familiary medullary thyroid carcinoma and thus early diagnosis and preventive surgery at a favourable stage. At present in Germany the recommended time point for surgery is at age of 5–6 years for children with familiary multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type-2A. Case report. We report the case of a boy with familiary MEN type-2A, who already at the age of 5 years, revealed a medullary thyroid microcarcinoma (MTC). Conclusions. Due to our case and individual literature reports we recommend an earlier time point for prophylactic thyroidectomy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik bietet heutzutage die Möglichkeit, familiäre Formen des medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms im asymptomatischen Stadium zu erfassen und somit in einem prognostisch günstigen Stadium zu operieren. Generell wird derzeit in Deutschland das 5.–6. Lebensjahr als Zeitpunkt der prophylaktischen Thyreoidektomie angesehen. Fallbericht. Wir berichten über den Fall eines Jungen mit familiärem MEN-2a-Syndrom, bei dem bereits im Alter von 5 Jahren ein medulläres Mikrokarzinom der Schilddrüse vorlag. Schlussfolgerungen. Aufgrund unseres Fallberichts und einzelner Literaturmitteilungen sollte u. E. der Zeitpunkt der prophylaktischen Thyreoidektomie früher gewählt werden.
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