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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greater number of microtubules per axon of unmyelinated fibers of mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments: possible compensation for the absence of neurofilaments (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofilament-deficient quail ; Neurofilament ; Microtubule ; Unmyelinated axon ; Regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphometric evaluations were performed on the peroneal nerve from mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments (NF) to elucidate the effect of an absence of NF on unmyelinated axons. The diameter frequency distribution of unmyelinated axons was similar between controls and mutants. The mean transverse axonal area, axonal circumference and circularity index of the unmyelinated axons were also similar in controls and mutants. However, the number of microtubules (MT) per axon was greater (P〈0.01) in the mutants than in the controls. The regression analysis relating the number of MT per axon to the diameter of unmyelinated axons indicated a greater number of MT in the mutants than in the controls (P〈0.05-0.01). A significantly greater number of MT per axon in the mutants may suggest a compensatory increase of MT in the absence of NF. This may conserve the size and transverse circular profile of the unmyelinated axons which are probably maintained by both MT and NF in the controls. The number of MT may be increased at the expense of the soluble fraction of tubulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313600
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy in normal and neurofilament-deficient Japanese quails (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1994), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words     Acrylamide ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Neurofilament ; Pathology ; Quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Morphological effects of acrylamide (AC) on the peripheral nerves in normal and neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) Japanese quails were investigated. AC (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day. After the birds manifested neurological signs, they were necropsied (after 10 ∼ 21 AC injections) and the sciatic and tibial nerves were examined. In both normal and Quv qualis, AC produced axonopathy with a distal-proximal progression. In AC-intoxicated normal quails, the nerve fiber pathology was characterized by typical Wallerian-like degeneration, consisting of axonal degeneration, myelin breakdown, macrophage migration, Schwann cell proliferation and regeneration of nerve fibers. Ultrastructurally, AC-induced NF accumulation was detected in the axon of myelinated nerve fibers. In AC-intoxicated Quv qualis, axonal degeneration with accumulation of membranous organelles occurred; however, sequential events of Wallerian-like degeneration were not as prominent as in AC-intoxicated normal qualis. These results demonstrated that NF-deficient Quv quails are sensitive to neurotoxic effects of AC. On the other hand, the different pathology of AC-intoxicated normal and Quv qualis indicates the presence or absence of NFs influences the appearance and extent of AC axonopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294254
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greater number of microtubules per axon of unmyelinated fibers of mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments: possible compensation for the absence of neurofilaments (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Neurofilament-deficient quail – Neurofilament – Microtubule – Unmyelinated axon – Regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Morphometric evaluations were performed on the peroneal nerve from mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments (NF) to elucidate the effect of an absence of NF on unmyelinated axons. The diameter frequency distribution of unmyelinated axons was similar between controls and mutants. The mean transverse axonal area, axonal circumference and circularity index of the unmyelinated axons were also similar in controls and mutants. However, the number of microtubules (MT) per axon was greater (P〈0.01) in the mutants than in the controls. The regression analysis relating the number of MT per axon to the diameter of unmyelinated axons indicated a greater number of MT in the mutants than in the controls (P〈0.05 – 0.01). A significantly greater number of MT per axon in the mutants may suggest a compensatory increase of MT in the absence of NF. This may conserve the size and transverse circular profile of the unmyelinated axons which are probably maintained by both MT and NF in the controls. The number of MT may be increased at the expense of the soluble fraction of tubulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313600
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy in normal and neurofilament-deficient Japanese quails (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acrylamide ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Neurofilament ; Pathology ; Quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphological effects of acrylamide (AC) on the peripheral nerves in normal and neurofilament (NF)-deficient (Quv) Japanese quails were investigated. AC (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day. After the birds manifested neurological signs, they were necropsied (after 10 ∼ 21 AC injections) and the sciatic and tibial nerves were examined. In both normal and Quv qualis, AC produced axonopathy with a distal-proximal progression. In AC-intoxicated normal quails, the nerve fiber pathology was characterized by typical Wallerian-like degeneration, consisting of axonal degeneration, myelin breakdown, macrophage migration, Schwann cell proliferation and regeneration of nerve fibers. Ultrastructurally, AC-induced NF accumulation was detected in the axon of myelinated nerve fibers. In AC-intoxicated Quv qualis, axonal degeneration with accumulation of membranous organelles occurred; however, sequential events of Wallerian-like degeneration were not as prominent as in AC-intoxicated normal qualis. These results demonstrated that NF-deficient Quv quails are sensitive to neurotoxic effects of AC. On the other hand, the different pathology of AC-intoxicated normal and Quv qualis indicates the presence or absence of NFs influences the appearance and extent of AC axonopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294254
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smaller axon and unaltered numbers of microtubules per axon in relation to number of myelin lamellae of myelinated fibers in the mutant quail deficient in neurofilaments (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofilament-deficient quail ; Neurofilament ; Microtubule ; Myelinated fiber ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the morphological features of the myelinated fibers in the mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments (NF), caused by a nonsense mutation in the NF-L gene, the morphological parameters of the axon and myelin sheath, and their relationships in the peroneal nerve were evaluated. In the mutant, the axonal area was smaller than in the control (P〉0.01), reflecting the lack of large diameter axons. There was no significant difference in the mean number of myelin lamellae and of their spacings between controls and mutants. Therefore, it was decided to analyze the alteration of axonal parameters in relation to the number of myelin lamellae. In the regression analysis, the number of microtubules (MT) per square micrometer of the axonal area was greater in the mutant than in the control (P〈0.05); however, the number of MT per axon was similar in controls and mutants with the same given number of myelin lamellae. The number of MT+NF per axon was smaller in the mutant than in the control only for myelinated fibers with more than 25 myelin lamellae (P〉0.05). These findings indicate that there was a less significant effect of NF deficiency on the smaller than on the larger myelinated fibers. There was no compensatory increase in the numbers of MT per axon of the myelinated fibers in the mutant as found previously in the unmyelinated fibers of the mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309623
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smaller number of large myelinated fibers and focal myelin thickening in mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mutant ; Quail ; Neurofilament ; Myelinated fiber ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peripheral nervous system of a mutant of a Japanese quail deficient in neurofilaments (mutant) and of a normal Japanese quail (control) was morphometrically evaluated to characterize the morphological findings, especially those of the myelinated fibers of the mutant. In the proximal peroneal nerves, the frequency of the teased myelinated fibers showing the focal myelin thickening was higher in mutant than in control (P〈0.001) without obvious ongoing axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The total numbers of the myelinated fibers in the proximal and distal peroneal nerve, and in the tibial nerve branch to gastrocnemius muscle (pars medialis) were similar between control and mutant, although the number of the large myelinated fibers was less (P〈0.01) and the number of the small myelinated fibers was greater (P〈0.01) in mutant compared with control. The median diameters of neuronal cell bodies of the sacral dorsal root ganglia were similar in control and mutant. The percentages of light, dark and unclassified cells evaluated based on the histologic cytoplasmic features were also similar in control and mutant. Therefore, morphometric alterations were more pronounced in the peripheral myelinated nerve fibers compared with those in the cell bodies of the spinal dorsal root ganglia. We concluded that a smaller number of large myelinated fibers with a greater number of small myelinated fibers and the presence of focal myelin thickening are the main morphologic findings in this mutant, probably due to the arrest of radial growth or maturation of the axons of the myelinated fibers in the absence of ongoing myelinated fiber degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304138
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary hypotrophic axonopathy with neurofilament deficiency in a mutant strain of the Japanese quail (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Axonopathy ; Neurofilament ; MIcrotubule ; Morphometry ; Quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A primary axonal disease affecting the central and peripheral nervous system was discovered in a new mutant strain of the Japanese quail, named quiver (Quv). Quv showed significantly smaller cross-sectional areas of the cervical spinal cord and the optic and sciatic nerves, when compared with controls by light microscopic morphometry. In the cervical spinal cord, electron microscopic morphometry indicated that myelinated axons in Quv were significantly smaller in size than in controls, though greater in density. The axonal circularity was not significantly different from that of controls. Electron microscopically and immunohistochemically, neurofilaments were not detected in the axons or neuronal cell bodies. Axons in Quv were composed mainly of microtubules, which were increased in number in relation to the axonal size. From these findings, the lesions observed in Quv were regarded as axonal hypotrophy (growth arrest or retardation) due to altered neurofilament expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293376
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile toxicity in normal and congenitally neurofilament-deficient Japanese quails (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurotoxicity ; Neurofilament ; Quail ; Axonopathy ; β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphological effects of a neurotoxin, β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) were analyzed in normal and cogenitally neurofilament (NF)-deficient Japanese quails. These quails (6 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally with IDPN (0.2 g/kg body weight) three times every 3 days. They were necropsied at 10 to 12 days after the first injection. In normal quails, axonal swellings were observed histologically in the ventral motoneurons, ventral root, commissura grisea and spinal ganglion in the cervical and synsacral spinal cord. Electron microscopically, the changes consisted of increased NFs, with scattered mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. The myelin sheaths of the involved nerves were thinner than those of the normal axons. These lesions were similar to those induced by IDPN intoxication in mammalian experimental animals. In NF-deficient quails injected with IDPN, no axonal changes were detected. These findings suggested that IDPN selectively attacked the NFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294295
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smaller axon and unaltered numbers of microtubules per axon in relation to number of myelin lamellae of myelinated fibers in the mutant quail deficient in neurofilaments (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neurofilament-deficient quail ; Neurofilament ; Microtubule ; Myelinated fiber ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the morphological features of the myelinated fibers in the mutant quails deficient in neurofilaments (NF), caused by a nonsense mutation in the NF-L gene, the morphological parameters of the axon and myelin sheath, and their relationships in the peroneal nerve were evaluated. In the mutant, the axonal area was smaller than in the control (P 〉 0.01), reflecting the lack of large diameter axons. There was no significant difference i n the mean number of myelin lamellae and of their spacings between controls and mutants. Therefore, it was decided to analyze the alteration of axonal parameters in relation to the number of myelin lamellae. In the regression analysis, the number of microtubules (MT) per square micrometer of the axonal area was greater in the mutant than in the control (P 〈 0.05); however, the number of MT per axon was similar in controls and mutants with the same given number of myelin lamellae. The number of M T+NF per axon was smaller in the mutant than in the control only for myelinated fibers with more than 25 myelin lamellae (P 〉 0.05). These findings indicate that there was a less significant effect of NF deficiency on the smaller than on the larger myelinated fibers. There was no compensatory increase in the numbers of MT per axon of the myelinated fibers in the mutant as found previously in the unmyelinated fibers of the mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309623
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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