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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rapid thermal processing on molecular-beam epitaxy GaAs with SiOx encapsulation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2238-2244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Variations of deep levels in Si-doped molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) n-GaAs layers by rapid thermal processing (RTP) were investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy. RTP was performed at 850, 910, and 1000 °C with SiOx encapsulation. Native deep levels M1 (Ec − 0.18 eV), M3 (Ec − 0.33 eV), and M4 (Ec − 0.51 eV) are annealed out by RTP at a higher temperature (1000 °C) compared with the case of capless RTP. Three electron traps NC1 (Ec − 0.36 eV), NC2 (Ec − 0.48 eV), and EL2 (Ec − 0.81 eV) are produced by RTP. After RTP at 850 and 910 °C, the concentrations of the EL2 decrease with depth from the surface and show no peculiar lateral distribution across the wafer, which is different from that of capless RTP reported previously. The formation of the EL2 is enhanced by the stoichiometry change due to the Ga outdiffusion into the SiOx film during RTP. After RTP at 1000 °C, the outdiffusion of the EL2 is observed near the surface. This result seems to be ascribed to the As loss, since it can no longer prevent the As evaporation at such high temperature. Though it has been reported previously that an N1 trap which has a broad energy level (Ec − 0.5–0.7 eV) is formed in MBE GaAs by RTP without any encapsulation, no N1 trap was observed in a SiOx-capped sample after RTP. We discuss the difference of the EL2 concentration depth profiles between SiOx-capped MBE GaAs and capless samples after RTP, considering the absence of the trap N1 in capped samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348702
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-Raman study on GaAs layers directly grown on (100) Si by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2531-2533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Micro-Raman spectroscopy is applied to evaluate change of the crystal quality in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers on Si after rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The forbidden transverse optical phonon is observed in the GaAs layers especially near the interface. In the as-grown state, the Raman frequency of the longitudinal optical phonon shifts toward higher frequency near the interface. This blue shift indicates the existence of the compressive stress due to the lattice mismatch between GaAs and Si. On the other hand, after the RTA, the Raman peak shifts toward lower frequency. This red shift indicates that the tensile stress exists near the interface because of the difference in thermal expansion. The stress change indicates the relaxation of the lattice mismatch stress near the interface by formation of dislocations during the RTA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351551
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contactless characterization of the Si+ ion-implanted semi-insulating GaAs (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4088-4090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si+ ion-implanted semi-insulating GaAs substrates have been characterized by the contactless measurement of the optically injected carrier concentration using the reflectance microwave probe method. The signal intensity decreases with dosage because of implantation damage. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA), the signal intensity becomes larger than those of the as-implanted samples. However, the signal intensity decreases with dosage even after RTA. From observation of the dosage dependence, it is found that the implantation damage is not fully annealed after RTA. The measurement with the He-Ne laser is sensitive enough to evaluate the implantation damage because most excess carriers are injected near the surface. It is found that this method is effective in evaluating the condition of the ion-implanted GaAs substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350836
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct Cellular Expression of Calcineurin Aα and Aβ in Rat Brain (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Specific polyclonal antibodies that distinguish the two distinct isoforms of the catalytic subunit of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin Aα and Aβ, were prepared, and the distribution of calcineurin Aα and Aβ in rat brain was studied using immunochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Immunochemical measurement revealed that the regional distributions of the two isoforms differed and that Aα was more abundant than Aβ in the rat brain. The subcellular distribution patterns of both isoforms were similar. Both isoforms were highly enriched in cytosolic fractions, including the synaptosomal cytosol. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that both Aα and Aβ immunoreactivities differed in regional and cellular localizations. These different patterns of expression suggest that the two isoforms of calcineurin A may each have specific functions in modulating neuronal activity in particular cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10036.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramide Prevents Neuronal Programmed Cell Death Induced by Nerve Growth Factor Deprivation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We examined the ability of ceramide and sphingomyelinase (SMase) to prevent neuronal programmed cell death (PCD). We found that a cell-permeable ceramide analogue prevented neuronal PCD when applied to established sympathetic neuron primary cultures at the time of nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation. Other amphiphilic lipids such as oleic acid failed to prevent cell death. Exogenous SMase also showed the same effect, probably by raising the intracellular ceramide level by sphingomyelin (SM) breakdown. Phosphocholine, another hydrolytic product of SM by SMase, did not prevent cell death. Other phospholipases, such as phospholipase C and phospholipase A2, could not prevent cell death. Given the recent findings that the SM cycle is activated to increase the intracellular ceramide level on NGF binding to the low-affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) and that NGF binding to LNGFR suppresses apoptosis in neural cell lines, our results suggest the possibility of the SM cycle as a signaling mechanism transducing the PCD-preventing activity of NGF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010463.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infraciliary Bands in the Rumen Ophryoscolecid Ciliate Ostracodinium gracile (Dogiel, 1925), Observed by Light Microscopy (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 45 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Morphological features of the rumen ciliate Ostracodinium gracile (Dogiel, 1925) are described from pyridinated silver carbonate-impregnated specimens. Ostracodinium gracile has a characteristic arrangement of infraciliary bands not present in other ophryoscolecid ciliates. Buccal infraciliature is composed of three polybrachykineties. The adoral polybrachykinety does not completely encircle the circumference of the vestibular opening, but arches ventrally from its right to left side. The dorsoadoral polybrachykinety extends laterally along the dorsal side of the vestibular opening. The vestibular polybrachykinety extends along the dorsal wall of the long tubular vestibulum. Dorsal infraciliature consists of the dorsal polybrachykinety that extends laterally along the dorsal side of the body. During binary fission, four primordia, that is ventral, right, left, and dorsal primordia, form in the stomatogenic field and develop into the adoral, dorsoadoral, vestibular, and dorsal polybrachykineties of the opisthe. respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04559.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4H-SiC/6H-SiC interface structures studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2636-2637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interface structures of 4H-SiC/6H-SiC heterostructures formed in monocrystalline bulk silicon carbide were studied by high-resolution electron microscopy of cross-sectional specimens. The samples were grown on the (0001¯) C face of a 6H-SiC seed with in situ Ce doping. The observed transition region is atomically flat over regions of several hundreds nm. The transition from the initial 6H-SiC growth to the 4H-SiC growth happens all at once at certain thicknesses with the occurrence of only a few layers of 4H-SiC (6H-SiC) before (after) the transition. The atomic stacking sequence at the interface of the two polytype crystals can be resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DERMATOMYOSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSE DERMAL NEUTROPHILIA (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb04401.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid Stimulates Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Gene Expression in B16 Melanoma Cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 4 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of dexamethasone on melanogenesis and tyrosinase mRNA levels were determined in B16/F10 melanoma cells. Melanin content of B16 cells increased in a dosedependent manner by the addition of dexamethasone to the culture medium. After 72 hr exposure, dexamethasone (10−6 M) produced a 2.4-fold increase in melanin content. Northern blot analysis revealed that tyrosinase mRNA level also increased by the addition of dexamethasone to the culture medium. After 24 hr exposure, dexamethasone (10−6 M) caused a 1.8-fold increase in tyrosinase mRNA levels. A tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) decreased tyrosinase mRNA level at 30 nM concentration. Dexamethasone antagonized this TPA mediated decrease in tyrosinase mRNA. It is suggested that glucocorticoids are involved in the regulation of tyrosinase activity at the transcriptional level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1991.tb00448.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Sassaby Antelope, Damaliscus lunatus lunatus, Including the Description of a New Species and Form (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Composition of rumen ciliate fauna in five Zambian, sassaby antelopes was determined. Six genera, 18 species, and four forms were identified. One new species and form, belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae, were found, then labeled Ostracodinium damaliscus n. sp. and Diplodinium bubalidis f. aspinosum n. f., respectively. Only ophryoscolecid species were present while isotrichids were absent. Twelve of 18 total species are commmonly found in African antelopes. Three of those 12 species, Entodinium fyferi, Enoploplastron garstangi and Opisthotrichum janus, are only found in African antelopes. Percentage composition was low in the genera ml of rumen fluid, and the average number of ciliate species per host was 17.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05964.x
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