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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7866-7868 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Crystalline quality in a void region of a bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Downshifting and broadening of the Si optical-phonon peak are observed at the edge of the void, while spectra within the void are little different from those outside the void. Comparison with calculated results based on the theory of the phonon localization shows that both the shift and the broadening are mainly due to structural disorder and not strain. Electrical properties in a void region are also evaluated by a laser-microwave method. The lifetime of excess carriers has its minimum value at the void edge. Those results consistently show that the SOI layer is deformed plastically rather than elastically at the boundary of the void.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 606-611 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Variations of deep levels in Si-doped molecular-beam-epitaxial (MBE) n-GaAs layers by rapid thermal processing (RTP) using halogen lamps were investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy. RTP was performed at 700, 800, and 900 °C with the face-to-face configuration. Native deep levels M1 (Ec−0.18 eV), M3 (Ec−0.33 eV), and M4 (Ec−0.51 eV) in MBE n-GaAs are annealed out by RTP at 900 °C. The metastable electron trap N1 (Ec−0.5∼0.7 eV) and the midgap electron trap EL2 (Ec−0.82 eV) are produced by RTP at 700, 800, and 900 °C. Two electron traps N2 (Ec−0.36 eV) and N3 (Ec−0.49 eV) are produced by RTP at 900 °C. The peculiar spatial distribution of N1 and EL2 are observed across the RTP layers. In particular, the EL2 distribution is found to be a W-shaped pattern. It is supposed that this peculiar shape of the spatial variation is consistent with that of the thermal stress induced by RTP. In addition the spatial variations of EL2 are suppressed by use of the guard ring composed of GaAs pieces, since it prevents the thermal stress during RTP, but EL2 remains at uniform concentration of ∼1014 cm−3 across the RTP layer. It seems that the thermal stress enhances the production of the trap EL2. On the other hand, the trap N1 is found to disappear by the use of the guard ring composed of GaAs pieces. We also discuss the difference of deep levels between MBE and bulk GaAs after RTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 528-533 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid thermal processing (RTP) using halogen lamps for liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown GaAs doped with Si has been studied by deep-level transient spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage, and photoluminescence measurements. RTP is performed at 700, 800, and 900 °C for 6 s with and without SiO2 encapsulation. Three electron traps ED1(Ec −0.26 eV), ED2(Ec −0.49 eV), and ED3(Ec −0.55 eV) are produced depending on RTP conditions. The trap ED1 is observed in all RTP samples, and its depth profiles vary with RTP conditions. The decrease of the shallow donor concentration occurs for RTP samples above 800 °C, especially for those without encapsulation. It is thought that these results, which are peculiar to the RTP method, are related to the production of As interstitials and As vacancies by the large thermal stress induced by the rapid heating for RTP. The decrease of the concentration of trap EL2(Ec −0.81 eV) is not observed with RTP as reported in the furnace processing. This is due to the effect of the short-time processing of RTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3590-3594 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid thermal diffusion (RTD) of Zn into n-type GaAs0.6 P0.4 from Zn-doped oxide films using tungsten halogen lamps was successfully used to fabricate p+n junctions. RTD was performed in the temperature range 910–1080 °C for 9 s, and the heating rates were varied in the range 10–83 °C/s. The RTD of Zn was also carried out from (Zn,Ga)- and (Zn,P)-doped oxide films to study the diffusion mechanism. The Zn diffusion by RTD occurs through an interstitial-substitutional diffusion mechanism similar to the conventional furnace processing. However, the RTD of Zn was enhanced with the heating rate, especially at 83 °C/s. This was ascribed to the stress field induced in the heating stage. Electrical characteristics of fabricated diodes are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1298-1304 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Majority-carrier traps in p+n diodes fabricated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of Zn-implanted GaAs0.6P0.4:Te and in Schottky diodes fabricated on GaAs0.6P0.4:Te after only RTA were studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). RTA using halogen lamps was performed in the temperature range 830–1000 °C for approximately 6 s without any encapsulant. Two electron traps E1 and E2 were observed for both p+n and Schottky diodes and were found to have thermal emission activation energies of 0.20 and 0.36 eV, respectively. The broadened DLTS spectrum was observed and reproduced using the Gaussian distribution for thermal emission activation energies of these traps. Furthermore, traps E1 and E2 have thermal activation energies of 0.09 and 0.24 eV for electron capture, respectively. It is considered that these traps are native defects and may belong to donor-related (DX) centers. Depth profiles of shallow donors and traps were determined using capacitance-voltage measurements because of anomalously high concentrations of these traps. Shallow donor and trap concentrations were found to decrease over several μm from the surface for RTA Schottky diodes above ∼900 °C, but were observed to be uniform for RTA p+n diodes. The concentrations calculated for shallow donors and trap E2 by RTA at 1000 °C decreased exponentially with depth. The difference between p+n and Schottky diodes, and the possible mechanism for the decrease of shallow donor and trap concentrations by RTA are discussed. It is possible that the decrease of shallow donor and trap concentrations by RTA is due either to their interaction with vacancies produced near the surface or to their out-diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1215-1217 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid thermal processing (RTP) using halogen lamps for molecular-beam-epitaxial (MBE) n-GaAs layers was investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy. RTP was performed at 800 °C for 6 s with proximity capping method. It was found that the Ec −0.82 eV electron trap (EL2) was produced by RTP. The depth profile of EL2 was flat. The spatial variations of EL2 produced by RTP were observed across the MBE layers. The EL2 concentration increased by about two orders of magnitude toward the edge from the center of the samples (∼18×16 mm2). It was thought that the spatial distribution of EL2 corresponded to that of thermal stress induced by RTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2531-2533 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Micro-Raman spectroscopy is applied to evaluate change of the crystal quality in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers on Si after rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The forbidden transverse optical phonon is observed in the GaAs layers especially near the interface. In the as-grown state, the Raman frequency of the longitudinal optical phonon shifts toward higher frequency near the interface. This blue shift indicates the existence of the compressive stress due to the lattice mismatch between GaAs and Si. On the other hand, after the RTA, the Raman peak shifts toward lower frequency. This red shift indicates that the tensile stress exists near the interface because of the difference in thermal expansion. The stress change indicates the relaxation of the lattice mismatch stress near the interface by formation of dislocations during the RTA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4088-4090 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si+ ion-implanted semi-insulating GaAs substrates have been characterized by the contactless measurement of the optically injected carrier concentration using the reflectance microwave probe method. The signal intensity decreases with dosage because of implantation damage. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA), the signal intensity becomes larger than those of the as-implanted samples. However, the signal intensity decreases with dosage even after RTA. From observation of the dosage dependence, it is found that the implantation damage is not fully annealed after RTA. The measurement with the He-Ne laser is sensitive enough to evaluate the implantation damage because most excess carriers are injected near the surface. It is found that this method is effective in evaluating the condition of the ion-implanted GaAs substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7225-7228 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We predict by theoretical calculation that the concentration of interstitial Li (Liint) in ZnSe can be decreased, i.e., the Li acceptor (LiZn) can be stabilized by above-band-gap photoirradiation. Creation of excess electrons by the irradiation increases the occupation probability of the Liint donor level and thus the concentration of neutral Liint (Liint0). Consequently, the LiZn concentration increases because of the reaction Liint0+VZn0→LiZn0, where VZn0 and LiZn0 are a neutral Zn vacancy and a neutral Li acceptor, respectively. The carrier injection through an electrical junction will have similar effects as the photoirradiation, and thus our results indicate that the Li acceptors tend to be stable in active regions of light-emitting diodes and laser diodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 1200-1202 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermodynamic chemistry of native defects is applied to molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of GaAs. Following the model of Stringfellow [J. Cryst. Growth 70, 133 (1984)], we assume that the equilibrium is established at the solid-vapor interface. Calculated results show that the defect concentration is rather low, less than 1015 cm−3 under usual growth conditions and that MBE GaAs is less As-rich than those grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy or halogen transport vapor phase epitaxy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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