Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adriamycin-Lipiodol suspension for i. a. chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (1989)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 23 (1989), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Physicochemical properties of two types of adriamycin preparation, suspensions and emulsions prepared for i.a. chemotherapy of hepatocellular cacinoma, were investigated. A suspension was prepared by dispersing adriamycin directly into the lipid contrast medium, Lipiodol, whereas an emulsion was obtained by emulsifying an aqueous solution of adriamycin into Lipiodol. The dispersibility of the drug in each preparation was examined microscopically. The chemical stability of and drug release from the preparation were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. The suspension was then given to ten patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The suspension maintained good dispersibility without coagulation of drug particles, whereas coalescence of aqueous droplets and the resultant phase separation occurred 4 h after preparation of the emulsion. Both preparations maintained the initial drug content for at least 1 week at room temperature. The release of adriamycin was more prolonged in the suspension than in the emulsion. After i.a. administration of the suspension, a selective accumulation of Lipiodol in the tumor and decrease in serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were found in most patients. A significant amount of adriamycin was still detected in hepatic speciments resected from two patients 1 and 2 months after treatment. These findings suggest that the adriamycin-Lipiodol suspension may be a useful preparation for targeting chemotherapy to hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451648
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure-excretion relationship of styrene and acetone in factory workers: A comparison of a lipophilic solvent and a hydrophilic solvent (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A factory survey was conducted in the second half of a working week on 41 exposed male workers, who were engaged in fiber-reinforced plastics work and exposed to the mixed vapors of styrene and acetone. Nonexposed workers, 20 men, were recruited from the same factory. Styrene and acetone in respiratory zone air were monitored for a 8-h shift with carbon cloth- and water-equipped personal diffusive samplers, respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected at the shift-end. Acetone and styrene concentrations in whole blood, serum and urine were measured by head-space gas chromatography, and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. All biological exposure indicators analyzed correlated significantly with the intensity of exposure to the corresponding solvent during the shift. The slopes of the regression lines indicate that a very small fraction of styrene absorbed will be excreted into urine as styrene per se, and that styrene is quite effectively excreted into urine after metabolic conversion. In contrast, the slopes of regression lines for acetone suggest that acetone distributes both in the blood and urine quite evenly. When the distribution of the solvent in serum was compared with that in the whole blood, it was found that almost all of styrene in blood is present in the serum, whereas acetone distributed very evenly in the cellular and noncellular fractions of the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230723
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary vanadium as a biological indicator of exposure to vanadium (1989)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Green tongue ; Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry ; Occupational exposure ; Vanadium in air ; Vanadium in urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vanadium was determined in urine and blood of two workers (Worker Nos. 1 and 2 with direct exposure to vanadium pentoxide) and 13 fellow workers (with indirect or no vanadium exposure), and the results were compared by means of personal and stationary sampling of vanadium in air. Worker No. 1, a foreman with the heaviest exposure to vanadium, had a green tongue, complained of frequent productive coughing, and excreted 47 to 124 ng/ml vanadium in his late morning and mid-afternoon urine. Worker No. 2, a helper to the foreman with less exposure, had no green tongue or subjective complaints, and excreted no vanadium at a measurable level even in his mid-shift urine. No vanadium was detected in urine samples from other workers, nor in blood from all workers including Worker Nos. 1 and 2. Application of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry to measurement of vanadium in biological materials is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381427
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of urinalysis and blood analysis as means of detecting exposure to organic solvents at low concentrations (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Blood analysis ; n-Hexane ; Methanol ; Toluene ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and forty-three workers exposed to one or more of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, n-hexane, and methanol at sub-occupational exposure limits were examined for the time-weighted average intensity of exposure by diffusive sampling, and for biological exposure indicators by means of analysis of shift-end blood for the solvent and analysis of shift-end urine for the corresponding metabolite(s). Urinalysis was also performed in 20 nonexposed control men to establish the “background level.” Both solvent concentrations in blood and metabolite concentrations in urine correlated significantly with solvent concentrations in air. Comparison of blood analysis and urinalysis as regards sensitivity in identifying low solvent exposure showed that blood analysis is generally superior to urinalysis. It was also noted that estimation of exposure intensity on an individual basis is scarcely possible even with blood analysis. Solvent concentration in whole blood was the same as that in serum in the case of the aromatics, except for styrene. It was higher in blood than in serum in the case of n-hexane, and lower in the cases of styrene and methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378279
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formic acid excretion in comparison with methanol excretion in urine of workers occupationally exposed to methanol (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Formic acid excretion ; Methanol exposure ; Methanol excretion ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A semiautomated head-space gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for measuring formic acid in urine. The method consists of heating 1 ml urine sample in a 20-ml air-tight vial in the presence of 1 ml sulfuric acid and 2 ml ethanol at 60°C for 30 min for ethyl esterification and air-liquid equilibrium, followed by automatic injection of 1 ml head-space air into a flame ionization detector GC. The detection limit was 1 mg/l for formic acid. The method was applied to measure formic acid in the shift-end urine samples from 88 workers exposed to methanol at 66.6 ppm (as geometric mean) and in urine samples from 149 nonexposed controls. Methanol concentrations were also determined. Regression analysis showed that urinary formic acid concentrations, as observed or corrected for either creatinine concentration or specific gravity of urine (1.016), correlated significantly with time-weighted average intensities of exposure to methanol vapor. Men excreted significantly more formic acid than women. Comparison with methanol excretion suggested, however, that urinary formic acid is less sensitive than urinary methanol as an indicator of methanol vapor exposure, primarily because the background level for formic acid (26 mg/l as arithmetic mean, or 23 mg/l as geometric mean) is more than ten times higher than the level for methanol (1.9 mg/l as arithmetic mean, or 1.7mg/l as geometric mean). After theoretical methanol exposure at infinite concentration, the urinary formic acid/methanol ratio should be about 0.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379542
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary excretion of unmetabolized acetone as an indicator of occupational exposure to acetone (1990)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Acetone in breathing-zone air ; Acetone in urine ; Biological monitoring ; Diffusive sampling ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetone concentrations in urine samples from 28 workers exposed to acetone in a fiber-reinforced plastics factory were determined by directly injecting urine supernate into a gaschromatograph with FID detectors. Acetone concentrations in the urine from ten nonexposed subjects were also determined. The 8-h time-weighted exposure intensity of individual workers was monitored by means of diffusive sampling. Acetone concentration in urine and acetone concentration in the breathing zone showed a linear correlation to each other. The study results indicate that the correlation coefficient is high enough to enable use of the urinary level of acetone as an indicator of occupational exposure to acetone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383593
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary methylchloroform rather than urinary metabolites as an indicator of occupational exposure to methylchloroform (1995)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 67 (1995), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Exposure indicator ; Methylchloroform ; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to compare methylchloroform (MC, or 1,1,1-trichloroethane) per se and its metabolites in urine as indicators of occupational exposure to this solvent, 50 male solvent workers were studied in the second half of a working week to evaluate the exposure-excretion relationship. The time-weighted average intensity of solvent exposure of individuals during an 8-h shift was monitored by personal diffusive sampling. Urine samples were collected near the end of the shift and were analyzed for MC and its metabolites [i.e., trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trichloroethanol (TCE) and total trichloro-compounds (TTC; the sum of TCA and TCE)] by head-space gas chromatography. MC per se, TCA, TCE, and TTC in urine correlated significantly (P 〈 0.01) with MC in ambient air, and among the four the correlation coefficient was highest for MC. The same results were obtained by multiple regression analysis in which ambient air MC was taken as the dependent variable and either the three indicators urinary MC, TCA, and TCE or the two indicators urinary MC and TTC were taken as independent variables. Taking the specificity and selectivity of the analyte as well as the simple and hazardous chemical-free procedure of analysis into consideration, it is concluded that MC is the analyte of choice as an indicator of occupational exposure to MC, when urine is selected as a specimen available by noninvasive sampling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383128
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependent increase in 2,5-hexanedione in the urine of workers exposed to n-hexane (1991)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1991), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: 2-Acetylfuran ; Biological monitoring ; 2,5-Hexanedione ; n-Hexane exposure ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), an n-hexane metabolite, and 2-acetylfuran (2-AF) were measured in urine samples from 123 workers who had predominantly been exposed to n-hexane vapor and 53 workers who had experienced no exposure to solvents. The time-weighted average intensity of exposure to n-hexane vapor was determined by a diffusive sampling method. For biological monitoring of exposure, urine samples were collected late in the afternoon during the second half of a working week and were analyzed in the presence and absence of acid hydrolysis (at pH 〈 0.5) for 2,5-HD and 2-AF by gas chromatography on a non-polar capillary DB-1 column. The urinary 2,5-HD concentration increased as a linear function of the intensity of exposure to n-hexane, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.64–0.77 after acid hydrolysis and that of 0.730–0.83 in the absence of hydrolysis, depending on the correction for urinary density (P 〈 0.01 in all cases, with no improvement in the coefficient occurring after the corrections). In contrast, 2-AF levels were independent of n-hexane exposure. The geometric mean 2,5-HD concentration in urine samples from 53 nonexposed men was 0.26 mg/l as observed (i.e., with no correction), 0.19 mg/l after correction for a urinary specific gravity of 1.016, and 0.23 mg/g creatinine after correction for creatinine concentration, and the geometric standard deviation was approximately 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386379
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between acetone exposure concentration and health effects in acetate fiber plant workers (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Acetone ; Epidemiology ; Occupational exposure ; Adverse health effects ; Exposureresponse relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to clarify the effects of acetone (AC) exposure on health, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 110 male AC-exposed and 67 male nonexposed shift workers. The AC workers ranged in age from 18.7 to 56.8 years (mean: 37.6 years) and in length of AC exposure from 0.5 to 34.3 years (mean: 14.9 years). The nonexposed workers ranged in age from 20.7 to 57.5 years (mean: 41.9 years). AC exposure levels assessed by personal passive monitors and biological monitoring indices measured at the end of the workshift were 19.6–1018 ppm in the breathing zone (AC-E, mean: 364 ppm), 2.5–422 ppm in alveolar air (AC-A, mean: 97.3 ppm) 4–220 mg/1 in blood (AC-B, mean 66.0 ppm), and 0.75–170 mg/l in urine (AC-U, mean: 37.8 mg/1). Symptoms at the end of the workshift with good exposure-response relationships were eye irritation, tearing, and acetone odor, and symptoms within the previous 6 months with good exposure-response relationships were heavy, vague, or faint feeling in the head, nausea, loss of weight, and slow healing of an external wound. In the 30–44 year age range, simple reaction time and digit span scores in a short computerized neuro-behavioral test battery were significantly lower in AC workers, but exposure-response relationships were not clear. Manifest Anxiety Scale scores, Self-rating Depression Scale scores, R-R interval variation on the ECG, hematological examinations, serum biochemistry examinations for liver function, and phagocytic activity of peripheral neutrophils did not show any AC-related differences between the two groups. In view of the reported findings, the current occupational exposure limit of 750 ppm recommended by many governmental and academic associations seems to be too high to prevent the health effects of AC observed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381623
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toluene in blood as a marker of choice for low-level exposure to toluene (1994)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 66 (1994), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Hippuric acid ; Occupational exposure ; Toluene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The validity of two new biological exposure markers of toluene in blood (TOL-B) and toluene in urine (TOL-U) was examined in comparison with that of the traditional marker of hippuric acid in urine (HA-U) in 294 male workers exposed to toluene in workroom air (TOL-A), mostly at low levels. The exposure was such that the geometric mean for toluene was 2.3 ppm with a maximum of 132 ppm; the workers were also exposed to other solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, styrene, and methanol, but at lower levels. The chance of cutaneous absorption was remote. Higher correlation with TOL-A and better sensitivity in separating the exposed workers from the nonexposed subjects were taken as selection criteria. When workers exposed to TOL-A at lower concentrations (〈 50 ppm, 〈 10 ppm, 〈 2 ppm, etc.) were selected and correlation with TOL-A was examined, TOL-B showed the largest correlation coefficient which was significant even at TOL-A of 〈 1 ppm, whereas correlation of HA-U was no longer significant when TOL-A was 〈 10 ppm. TOL-U was between the two extremes. The sensitivities of TOL-B and TOL-U were comparable; HA-U showed the lowest sensitivity. Thus, it was concluded that TOL-B is the indicator of choice for detecting toluene exposure at low levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378363
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...