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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimized Mortality and Neurological Complications in Surgery for Chronic Arch Aneurysm: (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5020 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , England . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: Cerebral complication is still a major concern in surgery for arteriosclerotic aortic arch disease. For preventing this complication, axillary artery cannulation, selective cerebral perfusion, and replacement of the ascending and arch aorta were applied to thoracic aortic aneurysm involving aortic arch. Method: From May 1999 to July 2002, consecutive 39 patients with true aneurysm (29 patients) or chronic aortic dissection (10 patients) involving aortic arch underwent replacement of the ascending and arch aorta with an elephant trunk under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass through the axillary artery cannulation and selective cerebral perfusion. The brain was continuously perfused without any intermission through the axillary artery. Concomitant operation included coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in two patients, aortic valve replacement (AVR) in one, Bentall operation in two, mitral valve replacement (MVR) in one, and aortic valve sparing operation in one. Patient age at operation was 40–84 (72 + 9) years and 24 of them were older than 70 years of age. Results: There was one operative death (2.5%) due to bleeding from the left lung, and one hospital death due to respiratory failure. Postoperative permanent neurological dysfunction was found in one patient (2.5%). Two patients presented temporary neurological dysfunction (5%). Thirty-six of the 39 patients were discharged from hospital on foot. Conclusion: Continuous perfusion through the axillary artery with selective cerebral perfusion and replacement of the ascending and arch aorta may minimize cerebral complication leading to satisfactory results in patients with chronic aortic aneurysm involving aortic arch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0886-0440.2004.4092_11.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ruptured Aneurysm of the Ductus Diverticulum into the Pulmonary Artery in a Man: A Successful Repair (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 13 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Aneurysm of the ductus diverticulum in the adult is rare and its rupture is fatal. A 75-year-old man presented with congestive heart failure that suddenly occurred with a continuous murmur. Angiography showed a left-to-right shunt through a large thrombosed aneurysm of the ductus diverticulum (6 cm), and the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio was 2.6. Patch closure of the orifice (3times4 cm) of the aneurysm and repair of the perforated pulmonary artery were done emergently under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion. He recovered uneventfully. Early recognition and early intervention should be indicated in this otherwise fatal condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1998.tb01252.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutual metabolic suppression between benzene and toluene in man (1988)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 60 (1988), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Benzene ; Biological monitoring ; Suppression in metabolism ; Toluene ; Urinary metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The exposure intensity during a shift and the metabolite levels in the shift-end urine were examined in male workers exposed to either benzene (65 subjects; the benzene group), toluene (35 subjects; the toluene group), or a mixture of both (55 subjects; the mixture group). In addition, 35 non-exposed male workers (the control group) were similarly examined for urinary metabolites to define background levels. A linear relationship was established between the intensity of solvent exposure and the corresponding urinary metabolite levels (i.e. phenol, catechol and quinol from benzene, and hippuric acid and o-cresol from toluene) in each case when one of the three exposed groups was combined with the control group for calculation. Comparison of regression lines in combination with regression analysis disclosed that urinary levels of phenol and quinol (but not catechol) were lower in the mixture group than in the benzene group when the intensities of exposure to benzene were comparable, indicating that the biotransformation of benzene to phenolic compounds (excluding catechol) in man is suppressed by co-exposure to toluene. Conversely, metabolism of toluene to hippuric acid was suppressed by benzene co-exposure. Conversion of toluene to o-cresol was also reduced by benzene, but to a lesser extent. The significance of the present findings on the mutual suppression of metabolism between benzene and toluene is discussed in relation to solvent toxicology and biological monitoring of exposure to the solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409373
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational dimethylformamide exposure (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1992), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Air monitoring ; Biological monitoring ; Diffusive sampling ; Dimethylformamide ; Monomethylformamide ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) intensity of exposure toN, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) vapor (with little possibility of skin contact with liquid DMF) and the subsequent excretion ofN-monomethylformamide (MMF) precursor in shift-end urine samples was examined in 116 workers exposed to DMF and 92 workers exposed to DMF in combination with toluene. Urinary MMF level was examined also in 42 non-exposed subjects. The TWA vapor concentration in breathing zone air of each worker was successfully measured by means of a recently developed diffusive sampler in which water was used as an absorbent. The examination of gas chromatographic (GC) conditions for MMF determination showed that the formation of MMF was not saturated when the injection port temperature was set at 200°C, reached a plateau at 250°C, and showed no additional increase at 300°C. There was a linear relationship between DMF in air and MMF in urine with a regression equation ofy =1.65x + 1.69 (r = 0.723,P〈0.01), wherey is MMF (unit; mg/l, uncorrected for urine density) in urine andx is DMF (ppm) in air, when only those exposed to DMF were selected, and the injection port temperature was set at 250°C. From this equation, it was possible to estimate that about 10% of the DMF absorbed will be excreted into urine as the MMF precursor. The slope of the regression line was significantly smaller among those exposed to DMF and toluene in combination as compared with those with DMF exposure only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced cadmium and lead burden in Japan in the past 10 years (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Blood level ; Cadmium ; Dietary intake Japan ; Lead
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To investigate the current levels of exposure of the Japanese population to cadmium and lead, in comparison with the levels in 1980s. · Design A nation wide survey was conducted in 1991–1994 (the 1990 study) in 19 study sites in Japan as a follow-up to a study conducted in 1979–1983 (the 1980 study). Blood samples and 24-h total food duplicates were collected from women who did not smoke or drink habitually. Methods Blood and food duplicates (after homogenization) were analysed for cadmium (Cd-B and Cd-F, respectively) and lead (Pb-B and Pb-F) by graphite furnace atomic absorption after wet-ashing. · Results Altogether, 467 women volunteered for blood sampling. Of these women, 375 also gave food duplicates. Geometric mean (GM) Cd-B levels in the 1990 study were lower than the corresponding 1980 values in most study sites so that the 1990 grand GM (1.98 ng/ml) for Cd-B was significantly lower than the 1980 GM (3.58 ng/ml). This reduction in Cd-B was related to the reduction in Cd-F (GM for Cd-F was 38.0 μg/day in the 1980 study and 30.0 Etg/day in the 1990 study). Dietary intake was almost exclusively the route of Cd burden among the populations studied. Both Pb-B and Pb-F also showed a remarkable reduction, i.e. from 33.9 ng/ml (1980 GM) to 23.2 ng/ml (1990 GM) in the case of Pb-B, and from 32.2 μg/day (1980 GM) to 7.1 μg/day (1990 GM) in the case of Pb-F. Pb-B, however, did not correlate with Pb-F either in the 1980 or the 1990 study, because Pb intake via inhalation of air remained significant when compared with dietary intake. · Conclusion The Cd burden in Japan has decreased markedly in the past 10 years, although it is still higher than in other countries. The Pb burden has been quite low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409415
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced cadmium and lead burden in Japan in the past 10 years (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Blood level ; Cadmium ; Dietary intake Japan ; Lead
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective To investigate the current levels of exposure of the Japanese population to cadmium and lead, in comparison with the levels in 1980s. ⋅ Design A nation wide survey was conducted in 1991–1994 (the 1990 study) in 19 study sites in Japan as a follow-up to a study conducted in 1979–1983 (the 1980 study). Blood samples and 24-h total food duplicates were collected from women who did not smoke or drink habitually. Methods Blood and food duplicates (after homogenization) were analysed for cadmium (Cd-B and Cd-F, respectively) and lead (Pb-B and Pb-F) by graphite furnace atomic absorption after wet-ashing. ⋅ Results Altogether, 467 women volunteered for blood sampling. Of these women, 375 also gave food duplicates. Geometric mean (GM) Cd-B levels in the 1990 study were lower than the corresponding 1980 values in most study sites so that the 1990 grand GM (1.98 ng/ml) for Cd-B was significantly lower than the 1980 GM (3.58 ng/ml). This reduction in Cd-B was related to the reduction in Cd-F (GM for Cd-F was 38.0 μg/day in the 1980 study and 30.0 μg/day in the 1990 study). Dietary intake was almost exclusively the route of Cd burden among the populations studied. Both Pb-B and Pb-F also showed a remarkable reduction, i.e. from 33.9 ng/ml (1980 GM) to 23.2 ng/ml (1990 GM) in the case of Pb-B, and from 32.2 μg/day (1980 GM) to 7.1 μg/day (1990 GM) in the case of Pb-F. Pb-B, however, did not correlate with Pb-F either in the 1980 or the 1990 study, because Pb intake via inhalation of air remained significant when compared with dietary intake. ⋅ Conclusion The Cd burden in Japan has decreased markedly in the past 10 years, although it is still higher than in other countries. The Pb burden has been quite low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050065
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of urinary cadmium and lead as markers of background exposure of middle-aged women in Korea (1998)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 71 (1998), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Blood ; Cadmium ; Marker of nonoccupational exposure ; Korean women ; Lead ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The present study was initiated to investigate the validity of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in urine in comparison with the metals in blood as a biological marker of nonoccupational exposure of general populations to these metals as environmental pollutants. Design: Peripheral blood samples, morning spot-urine samples, and 24-h total food duplicate samples were collected from 107 nonsmoking women (aged 30–59 years) in four urban and rural survey sites in Korea. Methods: Portions of the samples were digested by heating in the presence of mineral acids, and the digests were analyzed for Cd and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metal concentrations in urine were adjusted for creatinine concentration and a specific gravity of 1.016. The analyte levels were evaluated on an individual basis (n = 107) and also on a group basis, i.e., in terms of geometric means for the survey sites (n = 4). Results: Cd in urine correlated with Cd in blood on an individual as well as survey-site basis and tended to correlate with Cd in food duplicates on a group basis. The correlation of Pb in urine with Pb in blood was weaker than that of Cd in urine with Cd in blood when evaluated on an individual and survey-site basis. Pb in urine correlated with Pb in food duplicates either weakly or even negatively when examined on a survey-site basis. Conclusions: Cd in urine proved to be valid as a biological marker of environmental exposure of general populations, whereas less support was obtained for Pb in urine as an exposure marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050277
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics and cytokinetics of cultured lymphocytes from benzene-exposed workers (1980)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 46 (1980), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Benzene ; Cell-cycle kinetics ; Chromosome aberrations ; Dose-response relationship ; Sister-chromatid exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytogenetic and cytokinetic changes were examined using the differential staining method for sister chromatids in cultured lymphocytes from 16 female workers who had been occupationally exposed to up to 40 ppm of benzene for 1–20 years. While no increases in the number of structural and numerical chromosome aberrations nor any changes in cell-cycle kinetics were observed, a slight decrease in the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges was detected. This apparently reverse finding of decreased sister-chromatid exchanges may be a manifestation of the subtler effect of the environmental chemical on the DNA replication mechanism. Possible dose-effect relationship in benzene-induced chromosome aberrations was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Styrene exposure and biologic monitoring in FRP boat production plants (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Carbon felt dosimetry ; FRP boat production ; Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Styrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A survey on styrene exposure was conducted in five small to medium-sized fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) boat plants utilizing carbon felt dosimeters as personal and stationary samplers to measure 4 h (TWA) exposure during workday afternoons. The heaviest exposure, up to 256 ppm by personal sampling and 174 ppm by stationary sampling, took place during the lamination on a mold to produce a boat shell, and the work inside narrow holds also resulted in exposures of a comparable degree. Styrene levels were much lower in other auxiliary works. The TWA of exposure in an entire boat production was estimated to be 40–50 ppm. Installation of several flexible hoses as an exhaust system was proved to be effective in decreasing the vapor concentration. Gas masks were also useful in reducing the exposure. Urine samples were collected from 96 male workers at the end of 8h work (4 h in the morning and 4 h in the afternoon) and also from 22 nonexposed male subjects, and analyzed for mandelic acid (MA), phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA), and hippuric acid (HA). When the results of urinalyses were compared with 4-h styrene TWA as monitored by personal sampling, the best correlation was obtained with MA + PhGA/creatinine (the correlation coefficient, 0.88), followed by MA (0.84). For these two cases, regression lines and 95% confidence limits for the group means and for the individual values were calculated. The urinary levels of MA, PhGA, and HA in the 22 nonexposed male subjects were also tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377941
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to benzene, trichloroethylene, or tetrachloroethylene, with reference to smoking habits (1990)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Benzene ; Sister chromatid exchanges ; Solvent exposure ; Tetrachloroethylene ; Trichloroethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in peripheral lymphocytes from four groups of solvent workers, i.e. 36 nonsmoking women exposed to benzene at about 50 ppm on the average, 38 men and women (male smokers and nonsmokers, and female nonsmokers) exposed to trichloroethylene (TRI) at 7 ppm, 27 men and women (both smokers and nonsmokers) with tetrachloroethylene (TETRA) exposure, and 19 workers (both smokers and nonsmokers in men, and nonsmokers in women) exposed to a mixture of TRI (at 8 ppm) and TETRA (at 17 ppm) (TRI + TETRA). The results were compared with the findings in control subjects matched by age, sex, smoking habits and place of residence. No significant increase in SCE frequencies was observed in association with exposure to benzene, TRI, TETRA or TRI + TETRA. The SCE frequency was, however, significantly higher in the TRI-, TETRA-or TRI + TETRA-exposed smoking men than in the concurrent nonsmoking controls of the same sex. Possible synergism between solvent exposure and smoking is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383594
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