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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 32 (1976), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 7 (1970), S. 301-306 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 8 (1973), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Phasengleichgewichtsredaktionen des Dreistoffsystems Cu-Zn-S wurden über einen weiten Temperaturbereich, nämlich von 100 °C bis zu 1050 °C und dabei besonders nachdrücklich die 500 ° und 800 °C-Isothermen, untersucht. Alle Experimente wurden in abgeschmolzenen und vorher evakuierten Quarzglasampullen durchgeführt, in welchen eine Dampfphase (vapor) stets gegenwärtig war. In keinem der Experimente war das Vorhandensein einer ternären Phase zu verzeichnen. Bei 800 °C verlaufen Konodenscharen vom kubischen ZnS (Zinkblende) zur Digenit-Kupferglanz-Mischkristallreihe, ferner Konoden zwischen ZnS und drei Cu-Zu-Legierungen (α, β, γ) und zwischen ZnS und einer Zn-Cu-Schmelze von 0 bis ca. 30 Gew.-% Cu. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit trat nur kubisches ZnS (Zinkblende) auf. Cu2S vermag bei 800 °C 7,0±1 Gew.-% ZnS in fester Lösung aufzunehmen, während die Löslichkeit von Cu2S in ZnS weniger als 1,0 Gew.-% beträgt. Mit zunehmender Temperaturerniedrigung koexistiert ZnS mit allen übrigen Phasen des Systems, sobald diese stabil werden, z. B. ε-CuZn (〈598 °C), CuS (〈507 °C) und blaubleibender Covellin (〈157 °C). Bei 500 °C beträgt die Löslichkeit von ZnS in Cu2S nur noch 1,5±0,5 Gew.-% und die von Cu2S in ZnS weinger als 0,1 Gew.-%. Die Gegenwart von ZnS erniedright die Inversionstemperatur von hexagonalem ⇄ kubischen Cu2S um etwa 13 °C, hat aber weder einen meßbaren Einfluß auf die Inversionstemperatur des monoklinen ⇄ hexagonalen Cu2S noch auf die kubisch ⇄ kubische Inversion des Cu9S5. Angeischts der im Cu-Zn-S-System ermittelten Phasenbeziehungen bei niedrigen Temperaturen werden die Koexistenz natürlicher Zinkblende mit Kupfersulfiden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The phase relations in the Cu-Zn-S system were studied at temperatures ranging from 100 ° to 1050 °C with emphasis on the 500 ° and 800 °C isotherms. All experiments were performed in closed, evacuated silica tubes in which vapor always is a phase. Ternary phases did not appear in any of these experiments. At 800 °C tie-lines exist between cubic ZnS (sphalerite) and the digenite-chalcoite solid solution, between ZnS and three CuZn alloys (α, β, γ) and between ZnS and ZnCu liquid containing from zero to about 30 wt % Cu. Only the cubic, sphalerite, form of ZnS was encountered in the present study. At 800 °C the solid solution of ZnS in Cu2S is 7.0 ± 1 wt % and the solid solution of Cu2S in ZnS is less than 1.0 wt %. At lower temperatures ZnS coexists with all other phases once they become stable, i.e., ε-CuZn (〈598 °C), CuS (〈507 °C), and blue-remaining covellite (〈157 °C). At 500 °C the solid solution of ZnS in Cu2S is 1.5±0.5 wt % and that of Cu2S in ZnS is less than 0.1 wt %. The presence of ZnS depresses the temperature of the hexagonal ⇄ cubic inversion in Cu2S by about 13 °C, but does not measurably affect the temperature of the monoclinic ⇄ hexagonal inversion in Cu2S nor that of the cubic ⇄ cubic inversion in Cu9S5. The coexistence in nature of sphalerite and copper-sulfides is discussed in light of the low temperature phase relations in the Cu-Zn-S system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 7 (1972), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgeprägte Wechselbeziehungen existieren zwischen zahlreichen Erzen und den sie umhüllenden Gesteinen. Zum Beispiel sind sulfidische Eisen-Nickel-Kupfeterze fast ausschließlich an basische Gesteine gebunden, wie Norite, während Molybdänsulfidlagerstätten, oder auch Blei-Zink-Vererzungen, in sauren Gesteinen, etwa Graniten und Monzoniten, anzutreffen sind. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an entsprechenden silikatisch-sulfidischen Stoff-systemen zeigen in augenfälliger Weise eine weitgehende Unmischbarkeit im Schmelzfluß. Die Löslichkeit von Sulfiden in Silikatschmelzen ist gering selbst bei niedriger Sauerstoffugazität und nimmt mit steigender f02 noch weiter ab. Zufuhr von Schwefel zu einer homogenen Schmelze noritischer Zusammensetzung, mit kleinen Nickel- und Kupfergehalten, führt zur Bildung einer sulfidisch-oxidischen Schmelze, die mit der Silikatschmelze koexistiert. Die Silikatschmelze puffert die Zusammensetzung der sulfidisch-oxidischen Schmelze, welche bei der Abkühlung zu einem Gemisch aus Magnetit und monosulfidischen Mischkristallen, (Fe, Ni, Cu) 1−x S, kristallisiert. Bei weiterer Temperaturerniedrigung zerfällt die Mischkristallphase zu Pyrrhotin, Kupferkies und Pentlandit, gemäß der charakteristischen Erzparagenese vom Typus Sudbury. Bereiche von miteinander unmischbaren Schmelzen existieren auch in Systemen, welche granitische oder monzonitische und auch sulfidische Komponenten beinhalten. Reaktionen zwischen Schwefeldampf und silikatischen Mineralien führen zur Bildung von Sulfiden und Oxiden, welche gewöhnlich in metamorphen Gesteinen zu beobachten sind.
    Notes: Abstract Pronounced correlations exist between many ores and the rock types in which they occur. For instance, iron-nickel-copper sulfide ores are almost exclusively located in mafic rocks, such as norites and molybdenum sulfide deposits and vein-type lead-zinc sulfide deposits occur in silicic rocks, such as granites and monzonites. Experimental investigations of pertinent systems containing sulfide as well as silicate components have demonstrated the presence of wide fields of liquid immiscibility. The solubilities of sulfides in liquid silicates are low (〈1000 ppm) even at low oxygen fugacities and diminish further with increase in f02. Addition of sulfur to homogeneous “noritic-type” liquid which contains small amounts of nickel and copper produces a sulfide-oxide liquid which coexists with the silicate liquid. The silicate liquid buffers the composition of the sulfide-oxide liquid. The latter crystallizes on cooling to a mixture of magnetite and a (Fe, Ni, Cu)1−x S solid solution wich in turn decomposes to the pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite assemblages characteristic of Sudbury-type deposits. Liquid immiscibility fields containing coexisting silicate and sulfide-oxide liquids exist also in systems containing granitic or monzonitic as well as the sulfide components. Reactions between sulfur vapor and silicate minerals produce sulfides and oxides commonly observed in metamorphosed rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 11 (1976), S. 249-266 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sulfide minerals in coal bed III at the Chinook Mine, Indiana, are pyrite, marcasite, and rarely sphalerite. Pyrite occurs as framboids concentrated mainly in exinite, as bands or lenses in vitrinite and clay partings, as cell fillings in fusinite, and in cleats. Marcasite normally occurs in association with clusters of pyrite framboids within micro-organic remains. Sphalerite occurs exclusively in fusinite associated with cleat pyrite. The iron sulfides, which are of authigenic origin, were formed during the biochemical stage of coalification during the accumulation and compaction of peat. The factor that limited their formation in such an environment was the availability and reactivity of iron. Chemical heterogeneity in the peat swamps where the sulfides formed existed even on a microscopic scale. The iron sulfides were commonly precipitated in localized micro-environments that were favorable for their formation. The metamorphic stage of coalification did not affect the iron sulfides significantly, although it may have been responsible for the recrystallization of pyrite framboids and minor deformation of pyrite in fusinite and its local mobilisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 14 (1979), S. 195-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Polished and thin section examinations of samples from Indiana Coal Bed V (Springfield) have shown three sulfides to be present; namely pyrite, marcasite and sphalerite. Pyrite and marcasite are dominant forms whereas sphalerite is very minor. These sulfides appear to have formed in four distinct stages as judged on the basis of mineralogy and mineral texture. Pyrite occurs as framboids throughout the coal seam, as fibrous crystals in two horizons of the coal and in massive form as cleat fillings and cell fillings in fusinite and semi-fusinite. Marcasite occurs in spherical polycrystalline and twinned grains, as polycrystalline overgrowths on framboids, as cementing material for clusters of framboids, as blocky polycrystalline grains and with pyrite as cell fillings in fusinite and semi-fusinite. Sphalerite occurs exclusively as cell fillings in semi-fusinite. The paragenetic sequence indicates fluctuations in the overall coal bed chemistry. Individual sections display evidence of chemical variation on the micro scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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