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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levodopa-induced modulation of subthalamic beta oscillations during self-paced movements in patients with Parkinson's disease (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Excessive synchronization of neural activity in the beta frequency band (∼20 Hz) within basal ganglia circuits might contribute to the paucity and slowness of movement in Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment with dopaminergic drugs reduces the background level of beta frequency band synchronization in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), but has not been shown to increase the proportion of beta activity that is suppressed before voluntary movement in PD. We assessed changes in the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta frequency band of local field potential signals from the region of the STN in 14 patients with PD as they performed self-paced movements of a joystick before and after levodopa administration. The dopamine precursor, levodopa, increased the duration and magnitude of the premovement beta ERD, but did not alter postmovement synchronization in the beta band. Both the latency and magnitude of the beta ERD inversely correlated with the degree of motor impairment. These findings suggest that the beta ERD recorded in the STN area reflects motor-preparative processes that are at least partly dependent on dopaminergic activity within the basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03969.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DAFS experiments for phase-sensitive determination of local structure around Zr in Co/Zr multilayers (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 329-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598014150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryopreservation, survival and function of intrastriatal fetal mesencephalic grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 90 (1992), S. 54-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neural grafting ; Neural transplantation ; Parkinson's disease ; Cryopreservation ; Fetal mesencephalon ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we quantitatively assessed to what extent freeze-storage at liquid nitrogen temperature influences the survival and function of fetal mesencephalic grafts in the dopamine-depleted rat striatum. Ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue was dissected from rat fetuses and stored overnight in a preservative medium at 4 °C (hibernation). It was grafted intrastriatally either as a fresh cell suspension or was frozen as tissue fragments or as a cell suspension after stepwise incubation in ascending concentrations of dimethyl-sulphoxide. Following a cryopreservation interval of 80 days in liquid nitrogen, the frozen samples were rapidly thawed, rinsed, and grafted. Cellular viabilities of graft cell suspensions, as assessed by ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, were decreased from 90% in fresh tissue to 38-35% in frozen and thawed tissue. Amphetamine-induced turning behavior at 6 weeks post-grafting was significantly attenuated in hosts that had received fresh grafts or grafts that were frozen as tissue fragments. Tyrosine hydroxylase-(TH-) immunocytochemistry of recipient brains revealed significant decreases in TH-positive graft cell numbers in rats grafted with cryopreserved tissue (38–42% of fresh tissue). Moreover, the dye exclusion viability of thawed VM tissue was found to accurately predict the subsequent graft survival. There was no difference with respect to graft cell numbers between the two freezing methods employed, though block storage seems to be more simple from a practical point of view. The present study indicates that freezing in liquid nitrogen may be a feasible method for long-term storage of fetal neural tissue for grafting, although a marked decrease in graft survival and function of cryopreserved tissue must be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229256
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foetal nigral cell suspension grafts influence dopamine release in the non-grafted side in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease: in vivo voltammetric data (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 109 (1996), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Differential-pulse voltammetry ; Dopamine ; Caudate putamen ; Neural grafting ; Non-grafted side ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study employed differential-pulse voltammetry to assess the influence of foetal ventral mesencephalic grafts on dopamine overflow in the contralateral caudate putamen of the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. The experimental design involved measurements of dopamine overflow in the grafted and contralateral striatum. Control measurements of dopamine overflow were performed in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats only and the caudate putamen of normal control rats. Cell suspensions of foetal rat ventral mesencephalic tissue were grafted into the dopamine-depleted caudate putamen of unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. At 6 weeks, animals with functional, mature grafts (as assessed by amphetamine-amplified behavioural asymmetry), were pretreated with pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.), and both striatal sides were monitored for dopamine overflow for 90 min following amphetamine sulphate administration (5 mg/kg i.p.). The time course of dopamine overflow inside the graft was similar to that in the contralateral caudate putamen of the same animal, the normal control animal and the contralateral caudate putamen of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals. However, in grafted animals the mean dopamine overflow detected in the contralateral caudate putamen was approximately 34% lower than the concentration of dopamine detected in the contralateral caudate putamen of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned control animals and approximately 39% lower than the concentration of dopamine detected in the caudate putamen of the normal control animal. There was no statistical difference in the concentration of amphetamine-induced dopamine overflow between the caudate putamen contralateral to the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion and the caudate putamen of the normal control animal. These data suggest that intrastriatal foetal ventral mesencephalic suspension grafts reduce amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the contralateral non-grafted caudate putamen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosurgical interventions in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson disease: neurostimulation and neural implantation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 178-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Transplantation ; Neurostimulation ; Stereotactic surgery ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the exception of thalamotomy for drug-refractory tremor, surgical therapy for Parkinson’s disease has been almost abondoned as treatment for Parkinsonian symptoms between 1965 and 1985. Reasons for this development relate to inconsistent postoperative results, complications associated with stereotactic surgical techniques and, most importantly, the advent of levodopa, which is still considered to be the gold standard in pharmacotherapy for Parkinson’s disease. However, both, the long-term experience with L-DOPA therapy on the one hand and the progress of advanced stereotactic techniques and fetal graft research on the other hand have lead to reconsideration of surgical therapy in Parkinson’s disease for patients, who can not be treated satisfactorily with medication. Both lesions (via thermocoagulation) and/or neurostimulation (via chronic intracerebral implantation of electrodes) in thalamic nuclei (nucleus ventralis oralis posterior/intermedialis thalami; VOP/VIM) may alleviate rest tremor in PD patients. In principle neurostimulation has the significant advantage of reversibility with regard to side effects in comparison to lesion surgery. Furthermore ventro-posterior pallidotomy or chronic stimulation in this structures may ameliorate bradykinesia and levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Additionally, ”switching-off” the subthalamic nucleus by neurostimulation has been reported to reduce rigidity, bradykinesia and levodopa-induced ON-OFF-fluctuations. On the other hand, neuronal transplantation of fetal nigral dopamine precursor cells aims at restoring the striatal dopamine deficit. Both animal and clinical experiments have shown that fetal grafts survive intrastriatal transplantation and may ensue moderate to satisfactory improvements, especially in regard to bradykinesia and ON-OFF-fluctuations. Further progress in the field of neuronal transplantation will largely depend on the development of alternative cell resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050332
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin genes and the induction of c-fos gene by dopaminergic drugs are not altered in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: MPTP ; mouse ; Parkinson's disease ; striatum ; gene expression ; proenkephalin ; prodynorphin ; c-fos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of proenkephalin (PENK), prodynorphin (PDYN) and c-fos genes was studied in the striatum of C57B1/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which are used as a rodent model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Two weeks after systemic administration of MPTP (2×40 mg/kg, s.c. 18h apart), the lesion of the substantia nigra (SN) could be visualised by loss of the nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA hybridization signal and by a 91% decrease in striatal dopamine levels. The levels of PENK and PDYN mRNAs were not significantly changed in the striatum of the lesioned mice, as compared to non-treated controls. The induction of the immediate early gene c-fos by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol was not altered, while the selective D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 failed to induce c-fos in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice. These results are in contrast to the data concerning rats with the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the SN, which serve as another rodent model of PD. In the striata of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, PENK gene is upregulated, PDYN gene is down-regulated and the induction of c-fos gene by D2 receptor antagonists is abolished, whereas selective D1 receptor agonists induce c-fos gene, which does not occur in non-lesioned rats. We presume that the lack of influence of the MPTP lesion in mice on the striatal gene expression was mainly caused by insufficient dopamine depletion in the striatum, which could not be increased in this model. The importance of the changes observed in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats has been discussed in the context of the mouse and primate MPTP models of PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259657
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemmung der Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Optimierung der dopaminergen Therapie bei idiopathischen Parkinsonsyndrom mit Entacapone (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 78-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Morbus Parkinson ; Entacapone ; Tolcapone ; COMT-Hemmung ; Key words Idiopathic Parkinson syndrome ; Entacapone ; Tolcapone ; COMT inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Registration of the inhibitor of the catechol-O-methyltransfersase (COMT) tolcapone has been stopped due to the possible relationship of tolcapone treatment to three cases of fatal hepatitis. As a result, strong uncertainty has emerged among neurologists about the principle of COMT inhibition itself. We review data, especially on the remaining COMT inhibitor, entacapone, with regard to pre-clinical and clinical efficacy and safety.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachdem die Zulasssung von Tolcapone wegen ätiologisch ungeklärter Hepatitiden ruht, ist in der Ärzteschaft eine Verunsicherung über das Wirkprinzip der Hemmung der Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) insgesamt eingetreten. Die Autoren fassen die Datenlage insbesondere zu dem nunmehr einzig zugelassenen COMT-Inhibitor Entacapone hinsichtlich präklinischer und klinischer Wirkung und Nebenwirkung zusammen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochdosistherapie des Morbus Parkinson¶Neuer Dopaminagonist Pramipexol erlaubt die Reduktion von L-Dopa auf Null (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 742-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom ; Wirkungsfluktuationen ; L-Dopa-Reduktion ; Key words Idiopathic Parkinson syndrome ; Fluctuations ; Levodopa reduction ; Pramipexole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report a 63-years old patient with Parkinson's disease, who experienced slight fluctuations 10 years after first signs of the disease and two years after initiation of levodopa/carbidopa and biperiden therapy. He was enrolled in a double blind, placebo controlled study with the dopamine agonist pramipexole. This study was extended to an open phase. During this phase we were able to reduce levodopa/carbidopa down to zero, while fluctuations and peak dose dyskinesias ceased. The most important adverse event were hypersomnia and very slight persistent dyskinesias, which were reported tolerable by the patient. Treatment without levodopa/carbidopa could be maintained for 31 months. We conclude that in selected cases patients in Hoehn and Yahrs stages II to III and with mild fluctuations might be treated with pramipexole without levodopa.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten von einem 63jährigen Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson, bei dem 10 Jahre nach erstem Auftreten von Krankheitszeichen und nach zweijähriger L-Dopa/Carbidopa-Therapie mit zusätzlichem Biperiden leichte Fluktuationen aufgetreten waren. Er nahm an einer zunächst doppelblinden, ansschließend offener Studie mit dem neuen Dopaminagonisten Pramipexol teil; in der offenen Phase konnten wir nach Aufdosierung von Pramipexol L-Dopa/Carbidopa schrittweise absetzen. Die Kombinationstherapie aus Pramipexol und Biperiden ohne L-Dopa dauerte Zeitpunkt 31 Monate. Unter dieser Therapie sistierten zunächst die Peak-dose-Dyskinesien, als Nebenwirkung berichtet der Patient von einer Hypersomnie und leichten Dauerdyskinesien, die erträglich waren. Wir schließen aus diesem Einzelfall, daß Prämipexol in einigen Fällen die Potenz besitzt, auch Patienten in Hoehn-und-Yahr-Stadien II und III mit leichten Wirkungsfluktuationen ohne L-Dopa zu behandeln.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050504
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