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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 7 (2000), S. 520-525 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Proximal gastric third ; Adenocarcinoma ; Total gastrectomy ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The incidence of proximal gastric third carcinoma (PGC) has been rising in recent years. Classification and surgical therapy remain controversial. Methods: Between May 1986 and October 1997, 532 patients were operated for primary gastric carcinoma. All patient data were analyzed retrospectively comparing findings in patients with PGC and those with distal gastric carcinoma (DGC). Results: Two hundred fifty patients had a PGC, and 282 patients had a DGC. The rate of R0 resections was 79.3% for PGC and 81.6% for DGC. In 93.9% of the patients with PGC total gastrectomy was performed; for DGC total gastrectomy was done in 74.5% of patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 29.2% for PGC and 23.8% for DGC, and 3.2% for PGC and 3.5% for DGC, respectively. Patients with advanced tumor stages (stage III and IV) were more common in the PGC group (73.3% vs. 53.6% in DGC). After R0 resection, the 5-year survival rate was 33.2% for PGC and 59.7% for DGC. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the rates of R0 resections for PGC and DGC. Total gastrectomy can be performed with low postoperative morbidity and mortality. PGC and DGC represent the same tumor entity, and prognosis is similar, but due to more advanced tumor stages, the long-term survival is worse for patients with PGC than for those with DGC. Left retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy may be indicated for PGC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 18 (1994), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La gamme thérapeutique de l'hémorragie par rupture de varices oesophagiennes comprend des mesures les unes conservatrices et les autres chirurgicales. Avant d'envisager la transplantation comme un moyen potentiellement curateur de l'étiologie sousjacente, les interventions visant la décompression du système portocave restent l'essentiel de l'arsenal thérapeutique palliatif. Notre expérience dans le traitement des maladies hépatiques avancées et de l'hypertension portale sur ces 20 dernières années comporte 803 transplantations hépatiques et 201 anastomoses portocaves, mettant l'accent sur nos objectifs de traitement primaire des maladies hépatiques Les résultats des anastomoses sont favorables lorsqui'il s'agit d'anastomose de décompression sélective, réalisée électivement, chez les patients du stade Child A. Après transplantation, hépatique, l'état clinique du patient, sa fonction hépatique, et la survenue de complications extrahépatiques ont fortement influencé l'évolution à court et à long terme. Avec l'expérience le risque supplémentaire encouru par une chirurgie de décompression antérieure est réduite. D'après notre expérience et la littérature, il existe des arguments en faveur des deux formes de traitement, qui, en fait, sont complémentaires. Les deux modalités devraient être idéalement disponibles dans le même centre traitant des patients ayant une maladie susceptible d'évoluer soit vers une insuffisance hépatique ou une hypertension portale. La sélection d'un ou de l'autre des procédés dépend de l'étiologie, du stade de la maladie, et du moment évolutif où la thérapeutique se discute. Les anastomoses portocaves sont indiquées plutôt chez le patient stable ayant un risque d'hémorragie après sclérothérapie, en cas de contreindication ou en attendant la transplantation. Le rôle de la transplantation est bien établi chez le patient ayant une maladie hépatique évolutive ou terminale, autrement incurable.
    Abstract: Resumen El manejo de la hemorragia por várices esofágicas va desde una modalidad conservadora hasta la intervención quirúrgica. Antes de la introducción del trasplante de hígado como una forma de terapia potencialmente curativa de la causa etiológica primaria, las operaciones de descompresión porta-sistémicas eran la modalidad de preferencia entre los procedimientos quirúrgicos fundamentalmente paliativos. Nuestra propia experiencia con la cirugía en pacientes con enfermedad hepática avanzada e hipertensión portal en más de 20 años, incluye 803 trasplantes hepáticos y 201 “shunts’ porta-sistémicos. Los resultados de los “shunts” fueron favorables en pacientes Child A, cuando fueron realizados en forma electiva y fueron del tipo de la descompresión selectiva. Luego de trasplante hepático, el estado clínico, del paciente, incluyendo la función hepática y las complicaciones extrahepáticas, demostró tener una fuerte influencia sobre el resultado postoperatorio, con excelente posibilidad de sobrevida a largo plazo. Se ha logrado reducir el riesgo adicional que representa un “shunt” realizado con anterioridad al trasplante. Nuestra experiencia y los informes de otros autores constituyen suficiente y razonable argumentación en favor de la cirugía derivativa (“shunts”) y trasplante. En vez de plantear controversia, se considera que estas dos modalidades terapéuticas son complementarias.
    Notes: Abstract The management of esophageal variceal hemorrhage ranges from conservative to surgical modalities. Before introduction of liver transplantation as a potentially curative therapy of the underlying etiology, decompressive portosystemic shunt operations have been the mainstay of mostly palliative procedures Our own experience with surgery for advanced hepatic disease and portal hypertension over 20 years includes 803 liver transplantations and 201 portosystemic shunts, emphasizing our primary objective of treatment. The results after shunt surgery were favorable in Child class A candidates when performed electively and with selective decompression. After liver replacement the clinical status of the patient, including hepatic function and extrahepatic complications, had a strong influence on postoperative outcome, with the chance of excellent long-term survival. The additional risk of previous shunt surgery for subsequent transplantation could be reduced over time. Based on this experience and reports from others there are enough reasonable arguments for shunt and transplantation. Instead of the choice being controversial, the two forms of therapy should supplement each other and be available in the same center that specializes in the treatment of patients with diseases that eventually lead to liver failure and portal hypertension Selection of either approach must depend on etiology, stage of the disease, and proper timing. Shunt procedures may be indicated in stable patients with the risk of bleeding after sclerotherapy failure, in those with contraindications to transplantation, or as a bridge to transplantation. The role of liver transplantation has been clearly established in patients with progressive or endstage (otherwise intractable) hepatobiliary disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La résection reste le traitement de choix des cancers du foie. Chez le patient ayant un carcinome estimé non résécable par des techniques traditionnelles, on a recours à des techniques ex-situ («bench» procédure), in-situ et ante-situm, chaque fois que possible. En dépit du manque de donneurs dans un centre qui compte actuellement 198 patients, la transplantation garde une place chez certains de ces patients. A présent, les indications sont des carcinomes hépatocellulaires de stade II selon l'UICC, les carcinomes fibro-lamellaires, et d'autres tumeurs plus rares telles que l'hémangioendothéliome, l'hépatoblastome et des métastases provenant des tumeurs neuroendocrines. En raison des résultats peu satisfaisants, on exclut les carcinomes stades III et IV, les cancers biliaires intrahépatiques, les hémangiosarcomes et les métastases en rapport avec des tumeurs non endocrines. En cas de tumeur avancée avec un envahissement extrahépatique, on peut parfois combiner la transplantation avec une résection multiorgane. Une amélioration de la survie, cependant, ne peut provenir que des thérapeutiques multidisciplinaires, qui doivent être évaluées par des essais randomisés.
    Abstract: Resumen La resección sigue siendo el tratamiento de preferencia en el cáncer del hígado. Con el objeto de evitar trasplante ex situ (procedimiento de “mesa”) de hígado en tumores convencionalmente no resecables, se debe preferir la técnica de resección in-situ y ante-situm siempre que sea posible. A pesar de la insuficiencia de órganos donantes, la experiencia de un solo centro con 198 pacientes revela que el trasplante de hígado mantiene su papel como una opción terapéutica real en pacientes seleccionados. En el momento actual las indicaciones “favorables” son el carcinoma hepatocelular en estado II de la Unión Internacional Contra el Cáncer (UICC), así como el carcinoma de subtipo fibrolamelar y, además, tumores muy poco frecuentes tales como el hemangioendotelioma epiteloide, el hepatoblastoma y las metástasis hepáticas de tumores neuroendocrinos. Debido a resultados poco satisfactorios en los carcinomas hepatocelulares en estados III y IV de los canales biliares intrahepáticos, del hemangiosarcoma y de las metástasis hepáticas de tumores primarios no endocrinos, éstos deben ser excluidos del trasplante. Para tales tumores avanzados, especialmente en el caso de extensión extrahepática, se ha comprobado la factibilidad de la combinación del trasplante de hígado con la resección multivisceral. Sin embargo, sólo se puede esperar una mejoría significativa de la supervivencia mediante los protocolos multimodales de tratamiento, los cuales requieren estudios randomizados adicionales.
    Notes: Abstract Resection remains the treatment of choice in liver cancer. In order to avoid liver transplantation in conventionally unresectable tumors ex-situ (“bench” procedure), in-situ and ante-situm resection technique should be prefered whenever feasible. Despite the deficiency of donor organs, a single center experience with 198 patients reveals that liver transplantation continues its role as a therapeutic option for selected patients. At present “favorable” indications for transplantation are International Union against Cancer (UICC)-stage II hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the subtype fibrolamellar carcinoma, uncommon tumors such as epitheloid hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma, and liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Due to unsatisfying results, intrahepatic bile duct-, stage III and IV hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and liver metastases from nonendocrine primaries should be excluded from liver transplantation alone. For these advanced tumors, especially in cases of extrahepatic involvement, a combination of liver transplantation and multivisceral resection has been proven feasible. However, a significant improvement in patient survival may only be expected by currently investigated multimodality treatment protocols which will require further randomized studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, primary nonfunction, tissue oxygen saturation, near-infrared spectroscopy ; Tissue oxygen consumption, sinusoidal shunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated the pathophysiology of primary nonfunction (PNF) of grafted livers with regard to hepatic tissue oxygenation. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation in hepatic tissue (H−So 2) after reperfusion was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Graft tissue oxygen consumption was also estimated according to Fick's principle. Six grafts with PNF were compared with 40 functioning grafts. One PNF graft with extremely low and heterogenous H−So 2 after reperfusion was found to contain multiple intrahepatic portal thrombi. However, five other PNF grafts showed no lower and, on the contrary, more homogeneous H−So 2 at the end of the operation. As a whole, mean H−So 2 was negatively correlated and the coefficient of variation (CV) of H−So 2 was positively correlated with graft tissue oxygen consumption at the end of the operation; grafts whose H−So 2 showed a secondary decrease had better initial function. In later relaparotomy, the H−So 2 of the five PNF grafts was significantly higher and more homogeneous than that of the functioning grafts. These results suggest that the H−So 2 level reflects tissue oxygen consumption as well as oxygenation, and that the dissociation of both factors can occur in hepatic graft reperfusion. Not only low and heterogeneous H−So 2 but also high and homogenous H−So 2, suggesting some shunt mechanism, can be signs of poor graft function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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