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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ritanserin on sleep disturbances of dysthymic patients (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dysthymic disorder ; Sleep ; Ritanserin ; Slow wave sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ritanserin, a selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist, is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression, including dysthymic disorder. In animals and healthy volunteers, ritanserin specifically increases slow-wave sleep and the hypothesis arises that this effect on sleep may contribute to its therapeutic properties. Therefore, we studied the effects of ritanserin on sleep in a group of dysthymic patients (DSM-III). Polygraphic recording as well as subjective evaluations of the quality of sleep were performed before and at the end of a 4-week period of double-blind medication with either ritanserin (10 mg o.d. in the morning) or placebo. At baseline, patients showed at fragmented and superficial sleep, with low amounts of slow wave sleep. Ritanserin significantly increased Slow Wave Sleep and changed the frequency and distribution of some stage transitions during the night. No other sleep parameters were modified by ritanserin treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early pattern recognition in severe perinatal asphyxia: a prospective MRI study (1993)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Birth asphyxia ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of MRI examination in 88 neonates and infants with perinatal asphyxia, we defined 6 different patterns on T2-weighted images: pattern A-scattered hyperintensity of both hemispheres of the telencephalon with blurred border zones between cortex and white matter, indicating diffuse brain injury; pattern B-parasagittal hyperintensity extending into the corona radiata, corresponding to the watershed zones; pattern C-hyper-and hypointense lesions in thalamus and basal ganglia, which relate to haemorrhagic necrosis or iron deposition in these areas; pattern D-periventricular hyperintensity, mainly along the lateral ventricles, i.e. periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), originating from the matrix zone; pattern E-small multifocal lesions varying from hyper-to hypointense, interpreted as necrosis and haemorrhage; pattern F-periventricular centrifugal hypointense stripes in the centrum semiovale and deep white matter of the frontal and occipital lobes. Contrast was effectively inverted on T1-weighted images. Patterns A, B and C were found in 17%, 25% and 37% of patients, and patterns D, E and F in 19%, 17% and 35%, respectively. In 49 patients a combination of patterns was observed, but 30% of the initial images were normal. At follow-up, persistent abnormalities were seen in all children with patterns A and D, but in only 52% of those with pattern C. Myelination was retarded most often in patient with diffuse brain injury and PVL (patterns A and D).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602824
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ophthalmologische Störungen bei ehemals extrem kleinen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 10 Jahren Eine Erhebung der Jahrgänge von 1983–1985 in der ganzen Schweiz (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Extrem Frühgeborene ; Visus ; Strabismus ; Amblyopie ; Retinopathie ; Key words Extremely low birth weight infants ; Strabismus ; Vision ; Amblyopia ; Retinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in 10 year old survivors with extremely low birthweight of 500–999 g. In addition the association between retinopathy of prematurity and other ophthalmological disorders was studied. Methods: The parents of all surviving newborns (N=117) with birthweight 500–999 g born in Switzerland between 1983 and 1985, were asked for eye problems in their children. When the history was positive, additional information was obtained from the ophthalmologist. Results: At the age of 10±1 years the very low birthweight infants had significantly more ophthalmological problems (37%) than found in the general population (10%). Whereas low vision ( 〈1.0) of at least one eye (35%), strabism (19%), amblyopia (11%) and astigmatism (7.5%) were significantly more frequent compared with the normal population, myopia (12%) was not. Retinopathy was not significantly associated with other ophthalmological disorders. Conclusions: We conclude that all extremely low birth weight infants irrespectively of retinopathy have a significantly increased risk for ophthalmological disorders. Therefore they should have regular ophthalmological reevaluations until school age.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Wie häufig sind ophthalmologische Störungen bei ehemals sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 10 Jahren? Bestehen Assoziationen zu einer durchgemachten Frühgeborenenretinopathie? Methode: Die Eltern aller überlebenden Frühgeborenen (n=117), die in den Jahren von 1983–1985 in der Schweiz mit einem Geburtsgewicht zwischen 500–999 g geboren worden waren, wurden nach Augenproblemen ihrer Kinder befragt. Bei positiver Anamnese wurden zusätzliche Informationen vom Ophthalmologen eingeholt. Ergebnisse: Die Frühgeborenen zeigten im Alter von 10±1 Jahren hochsignifikant mehr ophthalmologische Störungen (37%) als die Durchschnittsbevölkerung (10%). Signifikant häufiger waren Visusminderung (35%), Strabismus (19%), Amblyopie (11%) und Astigmatismus (18%). Die Myopierate (12%) war nicht wesentlich erhöht. Nach einer durchgemachten Retinopathie waren die Werte noch höher, die Unterschiede zu ehemaligen Frühgeborenen ohne Retinopathie waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Schlußfolgerung: Sehr kleine Frühgeborene weisen ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für ophthalmologische Störungen auf und nicht nur, wenn in der Neonatalperiode eine Retinopathie nachgewiesen wurde. Sie sollten deshalb alle mindestens bis ins Schulalter regelmäßig ophthalmologisch kontrolliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050268
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual acuity and stereopsis between the ages of 5 and 10 years (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Visual acuity ; Stereo acuity ; Children 5–10 years old
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of visual acuity and stereopsis was studied in 321 boys and 340 girls aged between 5 and 10 years. Visual acuity was assessed by the E test and a modified version of the STYCAR test, stereo acuity by the Lang-Stereo test [17]. Both vision tests showed an increase in the median visual acuity between the ages of 5 and 10 years. The E test indicated an increase from 1.2 between 5 and 6 years to 1.5–1.7 between 7 and 10 years. The values obtained with the STYCAR test were 0.6–1.3 higher, depending on the test rating used. Visual acuity norms between 5 and 10 years are presented as empirical centile curves. No significant differences were observed in visual acuity between the left and right eyes, nor between the sexes. The right eye was found to be the leading eye in 54.8% of the boys and 54.5% of the girls (P〈0.001). The Lang-Stereo test was passed by 87.9%–94.3% of all children, and there were no significant differences with respect to age and sex. Children who failed the test had a significantly lower visual acuity than those who passed it. In the former group a significant interocular difference in visual acuity was present (P〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02429046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensatory maturational deceleration of growth or “catch-down growth” in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia after delayed initiation of therapy (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1986), S. 550-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ; Growth ; Delayed treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth pattern is reported of 16 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in whom therapy was started after the age of 3 years. Treatment was initiated at a mean chronological age (CA) of 4.7 years (range 3.0–7.2) and at a mean bone age (BA) of 10.4 years (range 10.2–13.2). It consisted of hydrocortisone (mean dosage 26 mg/m2) or prednisone (8.7 mg/m2) in all, and of fluorohydrocortisone (0.05–0.1 mg daily) in five patients. At the last examination the mean duration of therapy was 5.2 years, the mean CA 10.0 years, and the mean BA 12.6 years. In 13 of the 16 patients a “catch-down growth” pattern was observed, which was characterised by a decrease in height (expressed, as SDS) for CA, a deceleration of bone maturation and increase of height (SDS) for BA, and an improvement in predicted height (Bayley-Pinneau).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intellectual outcome, speech and school performance in high risk preterm children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 845-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Preterm children ; Intellectual development ; Speech ; School performance ; 5–9 years of age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intellectual development, speech and school performance of preterm infants with birth weight appropriate for gestational age are reported in two separate investigations: a longitudinal study of 97 preterm children and 93 term children as a control group, and a cross-sectional study of 249 preterm children. Both preterm groups were regarded as high risk groups with respect to number of outborns, distribution of gestational age and perinatal risk factors. Intellectual outcome at 5 and 7 years of age in the majority of the preterm children was comparable to that of the term children. However, 8% of the preterm boys and 2% of the preterm girls achieved lower IQ scores than any of the term children. Between 15% and 17% of the preterm boys and 9%–12% of the preterm girls did not attend school at grade level, compared to 4% and 2% in the term group, respectively. Intellectual and neurological development and school performance were higher interrelated in the preterm than in the term children. Articulation defects, stuttering and dysgrammatism occurred more frequently in the preterm than in the term children and in boys more so than in girls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072071
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal metatarsus adductus, joint mobility, axis and rotation of the lower extremity in preterm and term children 0–5 years of age (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Metatarsus adductus ; Axis ; Rotation ; Lower extremity ; Children, term and preterm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 484 premature children and a control group of 114 healthy term children underwent orthopaedic follow-up from birth to 5 years of age. At birth, metatarsus adductus was found to be more frequent in twins than in single infants (41% vs 16%; P〈0.01), but occurred with equal frequency in single preterm and term infants (16% vs 12%). By 5 years of age, metatarsus adductus had resolved in all the term but only in 81% of the preterm children (P〈0.05). In the preterm and term groups, knee axis (mean intermalleolar distance 22.0 mm vs 20.1 mm), tibial torsion (mean angle-1.2° vs +0.6°) and angle of gait (mean angle +1.5° vs +0.7°) at 5 years were statistically insignificant. Hip function at 5 years was similar in normal preterm and term children but significantly decreased in preterm children with cerebral palsy, more so with regard to abduction (56° vs 39°, P〈0.05) and extension (22° vs 8°, P〈0.01). The difference between the sexes was insignificant in both the preterm and term groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurological outcome in high risk weight appropriate for gestational age preterm children at early school age (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 835-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Preterm children ; Neurological development ; Cerebral palsy ; 5–6 Years of age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurological development in preterm children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age is reported in two separate groups: a longitudinal study of 97 preterm children and 93 term children as a control group and a cross-sectional study of 249 preterm children. Both preterm groups were regarded as high risk with respect to number of outborns, distribution of gestational age and perinatal risk factors. Neurological outcome at 5–6 years of age in the majority of the preterm children was comparable to that of the term children. However, 15% of boys and 9% of girls in the preterm group were diagnosed as having cerebral palsy. Mild diplegia was most frequently observed; 4% of the children were severely impaired. Fourteen percent of the preterm vs 2% of the term boys and 6–9% of the preterm vs none of the term girls received motor therapy during early school age. There was a small but consistent sex difference in neurological outcome in favour of the term and preterm girls. Effects of drop out rate and of incompleteness of ascertainment are reported in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072070
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental and behavioural disturbances in 13 boys with fragile X syndrome (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1985), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Behavioural and developmental disturbances ; Prepubertal boys ; Fragile X syndrome (Martin-Bell syndrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Developmental and behavioural aspects were studied in 13 boys aged 2.6–12.5 years from three families with the fragile X syndrome. The following observations were made. (1) Moderate to severe retardation was present in all boys; non-verbal IQs ranged between 25 and 67 (mean 46±14); IQ and age were negatively correlated (P〈0.01). (2) Language development was grossly delayed in all boys: most had severe articulation problems. (3) Imitative and symbolic play (e.g. doll play) were strikingly retarded as compared to abstract play (e.g. block design). (4) Autistic features such as no use of eye contact, stereotyped movements and echolalia were found in 9/13 boys; the same number showed aggressive behaviour. (5) General activity was reduced during the 1st year of life; most boys became very hyperactive during the second year; and short attention span and increased distractability were observed in all. (6) Motor development was mildly delayed; all boys were clumsy and moderately hypotonic. The fragile X syndrome ought to be considered in retarded boys with a dissociated developmental pattern, in particular a striking delay in language and play development, and autistic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442299
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early fine motor and adaptive development in high-risk appropriate for gestational age preterm and healthy term children (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 562-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fine motor and adaptive development ; Term and preterm children ; Influence of prenatal ; Perinatal and postnatal variables ; Predictive significance of fine motor and adaptive skills
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of fine motor and adaptive skills during the first 2 years of life is reported in 97 highrisk preterm children and 94 healthy term children. Most stages of fine motor and adaptive development were found to occur at slightly later ages among preterm children. Neurological development was significantly correlated with fine motor and adaptive development in preterm children only. No significant influence of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal variables on fine motor and adaptive development was noted. No significant sex differences were observed in both the term and preterm group. The strongest predictors of later intellectual functioning were fine motor performance at 9 months and fine motor and adaptive skills at 18 to 24 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072208
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