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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the rat splenectomy has no influence on the level of hæmoglobin and of cytochrome c. The participation of the spleen in the metabolism of hæm pigments is either negligible or can be compensated for by extra-splenic activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 6 (1950), S. 351-351 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors found (1) in female horses a significant higher serum iron level than in male horses, and (2) in castrated male horses a significant lower level than in not castrated male horses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The current knowledge concerning human growth hormone (HGH) is reviewed. HGH is a polypeptide of known structure. Its effects and immunological properties are species-specific. It can only be obtained from human pituitaries. Determination of the plasma concentration is possible using radioimmunoassay techniques after stimulation of the secretion by insulin induced hypoglycaemia, infusions of amino acids or protein meals. The metabolic effects of human growth hormone involve the protein metabolism (growth and nitrogen retention), the carbohydrate metabolism (diabetogenic action), and the lipid metabolism (lipolytic action) as well as the electrolyte metabolism and other metabolic reactions. Because of the scarcity of material available, the only indication for treatment with human growth hormone is hypopituitary dwarfism. In this condition, impressive results may be obtained. Some patients produce antibodies which may interfere with the success of the treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Stand der Kenntnisse über menschliches Wachstumshormon (HGH) wird in einer Übersicht dargestellt. HGH ist ein Polypeptid bekannter Struktur. Seine Wirkung und seine immunologischen Eigenschaften sind artspezifisch. Es kann bis heute nur aus menschlichen Hypophysen gewonnen werden. Die Plasmakonzentration kann durch radioimmunologische Methoden nach Stimulation der Sekretion durch Insulinhypoglykämie, Aminosäureninfusionen oder Proteinmahlzeiten bestimmt werden. Die Stoffwechselwirkungen von Wachstumshormon umfassen den Eiweiß-Stoffwechsel (Wachstum, Stickstoffretention), den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel (diabetogene Wirkung), den Fettstoffwechsel (lipolytische Wirkung) sowie den Elektrolytstoffwechsel und andere Stoffwechselreaktionen. Wegen der geringen zur Verfügung stehenden Menge ist der hypothalamo-hypophysäre Zwergwuchs heute die einzige Indikation für eine Behandlung mit menschlichem Wachstumshormon. Damit läßt sich eine eindrückliche Beschleunigung des Wachstums erzielen. Bei einem Teil der Patienten können sich Antikörper entwickeln, die den Erfolg der Behandlung in Frage stellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 977-984 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Growth ; Growth disturbances ; Midgrowth spurt ; Pubertal growth spurt ; Constitutional variants of growth ; Wachstum Wachstumsstörungen ; „Midgrowth spurt“ ; Pubertätswachstumsschub ; Konstitutionelle Varianten des Wachstums
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das normale Wachstum und seine Streuung werden anhand der neuen Zürcher Perzentilenkurven besprochen. In den perinatalen Monaten wachsen Knaben schneller als Mädchen, wahrscheinlich als Folge der höheren Testosteronkonzentration im Blut. Mit 6–7 Jahren erfolgt ein kleiner Wachstumsschub (midgrowth spurt), wahrscheinlich als Folge der ansteigenden Sekretion androgener Nebennierensteroide (Adrenarche). Unmitteibar vor der Pubertät sinkt die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit auf einen Tiefpunkt. Es folgt der Pubertäts-Wachstumsschub, bei Mädchen im Durchschnitt mit 12 Jahren, bei Knaben mit 14 Jahren. Dieser ist bei Knaben stärker ausgeprägt und beruht auf der ansteigenden Sekretion der gonadalen Steroide (Gonadarche). Drei bis vier Jahre später ist das Wachstum abgeschlossen. Zwischen Wachstum und Knochenreifung bestehen enge Zusammenhänge. Mädchen sind nicht nur im Pubertäts-Wachstumsschub, sondern auch im Knochenalter in diesem Zeitpunkt den Knaben um zwei Jahre voraus. Aus Größe und Knochenalter können der Zeitpunkt der Pubertät und die Erwachsenengröße recht gut vorausgesagt werden. Größe und Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit sind zwei von einander unabhängige multifaktorielle Größen. Die Mehrzahl aller Auffälligkeiten des Wachstums sind konstitutionelle (familiäre) Normvarianten der Größe (familiärer Kleinwuchs bzw. Großwuchs) und der Wachstums- und Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit (familiäre Beschleunigung bzw. Verzögerung des Wachstums und der Pubertät). Die Ursachen von pathologischem Kleinwuchs und Großwuchs sind vor allem chromosomale Störungen (z.B. Down-Syndrom), Dysmorphie-Syndrome (z.B. Russell-Silver-Syndrome), Endokrinopathien (z.B. hypophysärer Minderwuchs), chronische Krankheiten (z.B. Zöliakie) und Knochendysplasien (z.B. Achondroplasie).
    Notes: Summary Normal growth and its variability are discussed on the basis of the new Zürich standard percentile charts. In the perinatal period boys grow faster than girls, presumably because of the higher concentration of plasma testosterone. At the age of 6–7 years there is a modest midgrowth spurt, presumably caused by the increasing secretion of adrenal androgens (adrenarche). Just before puberty growth velocity reaches its lowest point. This is followed by the pubertal growth spurt with its peak at a mean age of 12 years in girls and 14 years in boys. This growth spurt is more marked in boys and is caused by the increasing secretion of the gonadal steroids (gonadarche). Three or four years later growth ceases. Growth and bone maturation are closely related. In both the pubertal growth spurt and bone maturation girls are two years advanced compared to boys. From height and bone age a quite accurate estimation of the timing of puberty and of adult height can be made. Height and growth velocity are independent multifactorial variables. The majority of growth problems are caused by constitutional (familial) variants of height (familial short or tall stature) and of velocity of growth and maturation (familial acceleration or delay of growth and adolescence). The causes of growth disturbances of organic origin are chromosomal aberrations (e.g., Down syndrome), dysmorphology syndromes (e.g., Russell-Silver syndrome), endocrinopathies (e.g., hypopituitary dwarfism), chronic diseases (e.g., celiac disease), and bone dysplasias (e.g., achondroplasia).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 623-624 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Weight gain ; Estrogens ; Tall stature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of high estrogen doses on weight was studied in 36 adolescent girls with familial tall stature treated to reduce adult height. Mean weight gain during the first year was 9.0∓3.6 kg. Thereafter, there was no or minimal gain on continued treatment. The largest weight velocity occurred during the first 6 months. Within that period, it was most marked during the first 5 weeks, probably due to early water retention. The gain (total, in different groups of patients and in treatment periods of different duration) did not correlate with height and weight before treatment expressed in absolute values or standard deviation scores. It is concluded that the weight gain induced by long-term estrogen treatment cannot be predicted quantitatively before treatment in individuals, and that heavy or fat girls do not necessarily gain more weight than light and lean girls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Neopterin ; Stimulated monocytes ; Immunodeficiencies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An increase in total urinary neopterin was observed in 12 of 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven of 13 patients with lymphadenopathy, one of six healthy homosexual males, seven of ten adult patients with staphylococcal pneumonia, 11 of 12 children with viral infections, four of seven children with bacterial infections, and 12 of 13 children with various immune defects. Extremely high values of total urinary neopterin and monapterin were observed in severely ill patients with AIDS and those with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Neopterin excretion was normal in two AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, but without opportunistic infections at that time. On reexamination of one of these patients later on, elevated neopterin values were noted. Parallel increases in neopterin and monapterin were found, whereas biopterin was usually normal. The increase in total neopterin was mainly due to 7,8-dihydroneopterin and was accompanied by an increase in 3′-hydroxysepiapterin. Increased neopterin in urine is assumed to reflect the increase in GTP pool and GTP cyclohydrolase I activity as observed in stimulated monocytes. Thus, neopterin, as a measure of the activation of the nonspecific cellular immune system, may be used diagnostically to detect allograft rejection after transplantations and to follow-up HTLV-III positive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 1381-1384 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 413-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fraktur ; Spongiosadichte ; Computertomographie (CT) ; Fracture ; Trabecular bone ; Computed tomography (CT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Computed tomography of the human radius is performed using a special purpose scanning device which incorporates a radionuclide (125I) as radiation source. Parameters describing the trabecular bone and the compact bone are determined at a distal and a diaphyseal measuring site respectively. Using this measurement technique changes in bone mineralization in the radius were studied in a group of 23 children following immobilization of an upper limb for fracture healing. An immobilization period of between three to six weeks resulted in a reduction of the relevant parameter value of up to 44% (mean 16%) in the distal part of the radius, whereas no significant change could be seen in the diaphyseal part of the same bone. Rapid remineralization of trabecular bone is indicated by the increase of the corresponding parameter value at a rate of up to several percent per week. However, in some of the patients studied complete normalization was not attained during the first six months following cast removal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch die Anwendung eines Spezialscanners mit125I als Strahlenquelle wird der menschliche Radius computertomographisch analysiert. Parameter für Spongiosa und Compacta können an einem metaphysären und diaphysären Meßort separat bestimmt werden. Mit dieser Technik wurden Änderungen der Knochenmineralisation nach Immobilisation wegen einer Fraktur an der oberen Extremität bei 23 Kindern bestimmt. Eine Immobilisationsperiode von 3–6 Wochen führte zu einer Abnahme der Spongiosadichte bis zu 44% (Mittelwert 16%) im distalen Radius, während keine signifikanten Änderungen an der Compacta der Diaphyse festzustellen waren. Eine rasche Remineralisation der Spongiosa konnte beobachtet werden, jedoch war diese bei einigen Patienten 6 Monate nach Gipsentfernung noch nicht vollständig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Growth hormone deficiency ; Hypopituitarism ; Craniopharyngioma ; Body proportions ; Head shape ; Skinfold thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 74 children (52 ♂, 22 ♀) with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (30 cases with isolated GH-deficiency, two of them familial; 4 familial and one isolated case with tendency for formation of antibodies against hGH; 29 with other pituitary hormone defects; 10 craniopharyngiomas), various anthropometric measurements were analyzed before treatment with hGH. In all groups, standing height, sitting height, and subischial leg height were equally retarded, and bihumeral width was more retarded than biilac width; the head was relatively large; fat tissue was increased with subscapular skinfolds being greater than triceps skinfolds, indicating relative obesity of the trunk; muscle and/or bone mass was reduced. In isolated GH-deficiency, head shape was slightly scaphoid; in combined defects, it was round, and in craniopharyngioma cases, it was brachycephalic. It is concluded that anthropometric measurements may help in differentiating the type of GH-deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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