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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 68 (1985), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Cytomegalovirus ; Papovavirus ; HTLV-III/LAV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two adult patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with psychoorganic symptoms produced by an extensive cerebral and cerebellar leukoencephalopathy. Diffuse loss of myelin and axons with reactive astrocytosis and distinctive multinucleated giant cells were prominent in the deep white matter, but less so in the subcortical white matter and in compact myelinated pathways. Bilateral involvement of the centrum semiovale produced distal Wallerian degeneration of the descending pyramidal tracts, which in one patient correlated with progressive paraparesis and bladder dysfunction. Although there were morphological indications of cytomegalovirus infection and immunohistochemical evidence of papovavirus antigens, the neuropathology did not resemble that usually associated with infection by these opportunistic agents. The possibility is entertained that the progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy (PDL) in these patients was directly related to infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the etiologic agent of AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690837
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neopterin in AIDS, other immunodeficiencies, and bacterial and viral infections (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Neopterin ; Stimulated monocytes ; Immunodeficiencies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An increase in total urinary neopterin was observed in 12 of 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven of 13 patients with lymphadenopathy, one of six healthy homosexual males, seven of ten adult patients with staphylococcal pneumonia, 11 of 12 children with viral infections, four of seven children with bacterial infections, and 12 of 13 children with various immune defects. Extremely high values of total urinary neopterin and monapterin were observed in severely ill patients with AIDS and those with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Neopterin excretion was normal in two AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, but without opportunistic infections at that time. On reexamination of one of these patients later on, elevated neopterin values were noted. Parallel increases in neopterin and monapterin were found, whereas biopterin was usually normal. The increase in total neopterin was mainly due to 7,8-dihydroneopterin and was accompanied by an increase in 3′-hydroxysepiapterin. Increased neopterin in urine is assumed to reflect the increase in GTP pool and GTP cyclohydrolase I activity as observed in stimulated monocytes. Thus, neopterin, as a measure of the activation of the nonspecific cellular immune system, may be used diagnostically to detect allograft rejection after transplantations and to follow-up HTLV-III positive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711954
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of HIV antibodies in groups at risk in Zürich, Switzerland (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 245-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human immune deficiency virus ; Lymphadenopathy-associated virus ; Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III ; Seroepidemiology ; Infection ; Antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of HIV antibodies in various groups at risk was studied in 1,546 persons in Zürich. The prevalence was 17% (39/236) in homosexual men, 7% (13/180) in bisexual men, and 45% (14/31) and 42% (22/53) in female and male intranvenous drug abusers, respectively. Heterosexual transmission appeared to be the route of infection in four seropositive persons (two women and two men) who had no homosexual contacts and were not drug abusers (4/1050).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715858
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of HIV antibodies among prostitutes in Zürich, Switzerland (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human immune deficiency virus ; Lymphadenopathy-associated virus ; Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III ; Seroepidemiology ; Infection ; Prostitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of antibodies to the human immune deficiency virus was determined in 123 prostitutes. Of 18 intravenous drug abusers 14 were anti-HIV positive, all others, with one exception, were seronegative. Neither race, nor number of clients, nor sexual practices correlated with seropositivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01773453
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidativer Metabolismus von Phagozyten: Physikochemische Grundlagen und klinische Relevanz (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 1271-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Oxygen dependent intracellular killing ; Superoxide anion ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Hexosemonophosphate shunt ; Myeloperoxidase ; Inborn defects in intracellular killing ; Sauerstoffabhängige intracelluläre Keimabtötung ; Superoxidanion ; Wasserstoffsuperoxid ; Hexosemonophosphat Shunt ; Myeloperoxidase ; angeborene Defekte der intracellulären Keimabtötung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mikrobizide Aktivität von Phagozyten beruht primär auf zwei intracellulären Prozessen: Degranulation und Stimulierung des cellulären oxidativen Metabolismus. Der während der Phagozytose aktivierte oxidative Metabolismus ist mit einer partiellen Reduktion des molekularen Sauerstoffs verbunden und führt zur Bildung hochreaktiver Oxidationsmittel mit mikrobizider Wirkung. Da eine effiziente intracelluläre antimikrobielle Funktion der Phagozyten sowohl vom intracellulären Vorgang der Verschmelzung der Lysosomen mit den phagozytischen Vakuolen als auch von der Bildung von Sauerstoffradikalen abhängig ist, führen Störungen der beiden Prozesse zu einer erhöhten Infektanfälligkeit mit zum Teil ernster klinischer Symptomatik.
    Notes: Summary The microbicidal activity of phagocytes is primarily dependent upon two intracellular processes: degranulation and respiratory burst. The latter one is associated with a partial reduction of molecular oxygen leading to the production of highly reactive oxydizing agents with microbicidal activity. Since an efficiant intracellular antimicrobial function of phagocytes is mainly based on the intracellular process of fusion of lysosomes with the phagocytic vesicles and the production of highly reactive oxygen radicales, disturbances of both these events will cause increased susceptibility against microorganisms and in most of the cases severe infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01478136
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients: Long-term treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2A and chemotherapy (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Kaposi's sarcoma ; Interferon therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated the response to therapy and outcome in patients with HIV-associated KS. Eighteen of 26 patients with newly diagnosed KS were treated continuously with IFN until progression of the disease occurred. In most patients with progressive disease, chemotherapy, usually with vinca alcaloid derivatives was instituted. Results were disappointing: 10 of 26 patients (38.5%) died after a median follow-up period of 4.5 months. Survival was shortest in patients who developed opportunistic infections, malignant lymphoma, or had a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Only one patient showed a complete remission and one patient had a partial remission under IFN therapy. Five additional patients had stable disease. Chemotherapy was without measurable effect on KS in patients who had progressive disease under IFN. IFN therapy was associated with various, not life-threatening adverse effects and was best tolerated by patients with a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Our results indicate that only a small portion of AIDS patients with KS seem to benefit from a continuous treatment with IFN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745513
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High rate of insufficient antibody titers after single-day immunization with human diploid-cell-strain vaccine against rabies (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 518-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HDCV rabies vaccine ; Intradermal immunization ; Single-day schedule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the possibility of simplifying the currently recommended immunization schedule against rabies. Four groups of 11 healthy volunteers were each immunized with either one, two, four, or eight doses of 0.1 ml human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) intradermally on 1 single day. Antibody titers in serum were determined using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Geometric mean antibody titers 10, 30 and 90 days after immunization were all 〉0.5 IU/ml, which is considered protective. A dose-proportional increase in the geometric mean antibody titer was observed for all four groups. However, at each dose level, at least 1 of the 11 volunteers on day 30 and 2 of the 11 volunteers on day 90 had insufficient antibody titers 〈0.5 IU/ml. Single-day immunization against rabies with HDCV vaccine cannot be recommended because of the unacceptably high failure rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01713059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological variability of multiple dose pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in man (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: netilmicin ; aminoglycoside antibiotics ; nephrotoxicity ; pharmacokinetics ; multiple dose ; i.m. route ; individual variability ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intra- and interindividual variability in the serum kinetics and renal elimination of netilmicin was investigated in a controlled study in 6 healthy, male volunteers. The antibiotic was administered on 2 single days, separated by a 3 week interval. Netilmicin 2 mg/kg lean body mass was given i.m. twice (b.i.d.) and three times (t.i.d.) in a crossover design. 54 blood and 28 urine samples per volunteer were analysed by a radio-enzymatic assay. 24 h serum kinetics were best described by a two compartment open model with time-dependent serum clearance. The latter decreased intraindividually on both study days, from a mean of 82 to 68 ml/min (p〈0.05). A similar decrease was observed in the 12 h creatinine clearance. Because drug administration started in the morning, this finding reflects the physiological circadian rhythm in the glomerular filtration rate. The corresponding half-lives of netilmicin rose from 149 to 171 min. Striking intraindividual variation in absorption half-life was observed in all volunteers, ranging from less than 4 to more than 30 min. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from data of the first and second study, revealed a significant intraindividual reduction in the volume of distribution (mean decrease 13%) and in the serum clearance of netilmicin (−8%). Analysis of the serum data of the b.i.d. and t.i.d. dosing schedules showed no difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters; there was significantly higher urinary recovery with the t.i.d. (+9%) than with the b.i.d. schedules. After both days, the 24 h creatinine clearance decreased significantly, by more than 10%. A slight nephrotoxic effect, induced by a therapy for one day with netilmicin, can be deduced from these data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610062
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminoglykosid-Bestimmungen im Serum mit der Urease-Methode (1977)
    Springer
    Infection 5 (1977), S. 115-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The urease method developed byNoone et al. for rapid bioassay of aminoglycoside antibiotics in serum is described in detail. The accuracy of the method was improved by using a BM 1-09 electrode assembly (Metrohm, CH-9100 Herisau, Switzerland) in conjunction with a digital pH-Meter (Metrohm E 500). The mean difference between spiked serum samples and measured concentrations was +0.37±0.78µg/ml. The coefficient of determination between the urease and agar diffusion method was 0.94. Disadvantages of the method are a low sensitivity at concentrations below 1.5µg/ml and a large serum sample (1.5 ml). Advantages are its simplicity and rapidity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Urease-Methode zur raschen Bestimmung der Aminoglykosid-Antibiotika im Serum, die vonNoone u. Mitarb. entwickelt wurde, wird im Detail beschrieben. Die Präzision der Methode konnte mit einer BM 1-09 Elektroden-Meßkette (Metrohm, CH-9100 Herisau, Schweiz) und einem Digital-pH-Meter (Metrohm E 500) verbessert werden. Die mittlere Differenz zwischen einem vorgegebenen Wert im Testserum und der gemessenen Konzentration war +0.37±0.78µg/ml. Der Determinationskoeffizient zwischen der Urease- und der Agardiffusions-Methode war 0.94. Die Nachteile der Methode sind eine geringe Empfindlichkeit bei Serumkonzentrationen unter 1.5µg/ml und die Notwendigkeit einer relativ großen Patientenserummenge von 1.5 ml. Die Vorteile bestehen in einer einfachen apparativen Ausrüstung, einem geringen Arbeitsaufwand und der Tatsache, daß das Resultat innerhalb von drei Stunden nach der Blutentnahme vorliegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642092
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose zidovudine in combination with either acyclovir or lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients: A pilot study (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer randomisierten cross-over Studie wurden 16 asymptomatische HIV Infizierte, die ein positives HIV-1 p24 Antigen aufwiesen, mit zwei verschiedenen antiviralen Kombinationstherapien behandelt und die antiretrovirale Aktivität, Verträglichkeit und Toxizität miteinander verglichen. Zidovudin, 2 × 250 mg täglich peroral, wurde entweder kombiniert mit Aciclovir, 2×800 mg täglich peroral, oder mit lymphoblastoid Interferon-alpha, 1.5×106 IU 3 × wöchentlich subkutan. Eine 12-wöchige Therapiephase war gefolgt von einer 4- wöchigen Auswaschperiode und anschließend einer weiteren 12-wöchigen cross- over Therapiephase. Ein Abfall des HIV-1 p24 Antigen wurde bei allen Patienten während beiden Behandlungsphasen beobachtet. Zwischen den beiden Kombinationstherapien konnte kein Unterschied gefunden werden. Eine Progression der HIV Infektion trat bei keinem Patienten auf. Bei drei Patienten mußte die Medikation wegen Nebenwirkungen vorzeitig gestoppt werden. Ob asymptomatische HIV Infizierte von anti-viralen Kombinationstherapien profitieren, soll in Langzeitstudien evaluiert werden.
    Notes: Summary The antiretroviral activity, tolerance and toxicity of two different antiviral drug combinations were assessed and compared in a randomized, crossover pilot study in 16 HIV-1 p24 antigenaemic subjects with asymptomatic HIV infection. Oral zidovudine 250 mg twice daily was combined with either oral acyclovir 800 mg twice daily or lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha 1.5×106 IU administered subcutaneously three times weekly. The 12-week treatment period was followed by a 4-week washout period and a further 12-week crossover phase. During the entire treatment period a decline in p24 antigen was observed in all patients. No significant differences were found between the two treatment regimens. No patient showed clinical progression of HIV infection. Three patients were withdrawn from the study, one due to serious anaemia and two due to severe clinical adverse events. Long-term efficacy and tolerance data in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with these regimens would be valuable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726447
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