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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HDCV rabies vaccine ; Intradermal immunization ; Single-day schedule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the possibility of simplifying the currently recommended immunization schedule against rabies. Four groups of 11 healthy volunteers were each immunized with either one, two, four, or eight doses of 0.1 ml human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) intradermally on 1 single day. Antibody titers in serum were determined using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Geometric mean antibody titers 10, 30 and 90 days after immunization were all 〉0.5 IU/ml, which is considered protective. A dose-proportional increase in the geometric mean antibody titer was observed for all four groups. However, at each dose level, at least 1 of the 11 volunteers on day 30 and 2 of the 11 volunteers on day 90 had insufficient antibody titers 〈0.5 IU/ml. Single-day immunization against rabies with HDCV vaccine cannot be recommended because of the unacceptably high failure rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Hypothese zu erhärten, daß lokale Nebenwirkungen während i. v. Applikation von Erythromycin-Lactobionat von der Medikamentenkonzentration abhängen und demzufolge durch Auflösen von Erythromycin in einem größeren Infusionsvolumen vermindert werden können, wurde die folgende Doppelblind-Studie konzipiert: Jeder von 40 gesunden Studenten sollte in einer randomisierten Sequenz vier 30-min Infusionen erhalten: 120 ml und 250 ml Erythromycin-Lactobionat (1 g in 0,9% NaCl) und 120 ml und 250 ml Plazebo (0,9% NaCl). Während der ersten 79 Infusionen wurde eine unerwartet hohe Inzidenz von schweren systemischen Nebenwirkungen beobachtet: 95% bei einem Infusionsvolumen von 120 ml und 80% bei einem Infusionsvolumen von 250 ml. Sämtliche systemischen Nebenwirkungen wurden durch die Infusion von Erythromycin-Lactobionat hervorgerufen. Aus diesem Grunde wurde die Studie zu diesem Zeitpunkt abgebrochen. Die Nebenwirkungen umfaßten Bauchkrämpfe, Nausea, Erbrechen, Schwindel und Schweißausbrüche. Der postulierte positive Effekt von niedrigeren Medikamentenkonzentrationen im Infusat auf das Auftreten von lokalen Nebenwirkungen (Schmerzen an der Infusionsstelle, Rötung) war marginal (63% vs. 45%). Verglichen mit den unerwarteten, systemischen Nebenwirkungen ist das Problem der lokalen Toleranz von geringerer Bedeutung. Bei jungen Erwachsenen sind 30-min Infusionen von 1 g Erythromycin-Lactobionat mit einer hohen Inzidenz an systemischen Nebenwirkungen verbunden, welche durch einen altersabhängigen Effekt des Medikamentes auf die glatte Muskulatur bedingt sein könnten.
    Notes: Summary A double-blind study was designed to test the hypothesis that local side-effects during i. v. administration of erythromycin lactobionate depend on the drug concentration and that they can therefore be minimized by dissolving erythromycin in a larger infusion volume. Forty healthy students were assigned in a randomized sequence to four 30 min infusions: 120 and 250 ml of erythromycin lactobionate (1 g in 0.9% NaCl) and 120 and 250 ml of placebo (0.9% NaCl). An unexpectedly high incidence (95% and 80% for the infusion volumes of 120 and 250 ml, respectively) of severe systemic side-effects was observed during the first 79 infusions. Because all of these systemic side-effects were associated with the infusion of erythromycin, the study was terminated at this point. Side-effects included abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and profuse sweating. The postulated positive effect of lower erythromycin concentrations in the infusion on local side-effects (pain at the infusion site, erythema) was marginal (63% vs. 45%). Compared to the systemic side-effects, the problem of local tolerance is less important. In young adults, 30 min infusions of 1 g erythromycin lactobionate are associated with a high incidence of systemic side-effects which may be due to an age-dependent effect of the drug on smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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