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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 245-246 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human immune deficiency virus ; Lymphadenopathy-associated virus ; Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III ; Seroepidemiology ; Infection ; Antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of HIV antibodies in various groups at risk was studied in 1,546 persons in Zürich. The prevalence was 17% (39/236) in homosexual men, 7% (13/180) in bisexual men, and 45% (14/31) and 42% (22/53) in female and male intranvenous drug abusers, respectively. Heterosexual transmission appeared to be the route of infection in four seropositive persons (two women and two men) who had no homosexual contacts and were not drug abusers (4/1050).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Kaposi's sarcoma ; Interferon therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated the response to therapy and outcome in patients with HIV-associated KS. Eighteen of 26 patients with newly diagnosed KS were treated continuously with IFN until progression of the disease occurred. In most patients with progressive disease, chemotherapy, usually with vinca alcaloid derivatives was instituted. Results were disappointing: 10 of 26 patients (38.5%) died after a median follow-up period of 4.5 months. Survival was shortest in patients who developed opportunistic infections, malignant lymphoma, or had a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Only one patient showed a complete remission and one patient had a partial remission under IFN therapy. Five additional patients had stable disease. Chemotherapy was without measurable effect on KS in patients who had progressive disease under IFN. IFN therapy was associated with various, not life-threatening adverse effects and was best tolerated by patients with a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Our results indicate that only a small portion of AIDS patients with KS seem to benefit from a continuous treatment with IFN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HDCV rabies vaccine ; Intradermal immunization ; Single-day schedule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the possibility of simplifying the currently recommended immunization schedule against rabies. Four groups of 11 healthy volunteers were each immunized with either one, two, four, or eight doses of 0.1 ml human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) intradermally on 1 single day. Antibody titers in serum were determined using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Geometric mean antibody titers 10, 30 and 90 days after immunization were all 〉0.5 IU/ml, which is considered protective. A dose-proportional increase in the geometric mean antibody titer was observed for all four groups. However, at each dose level, at least 1 of the 11 volunteers on day 30 and 2 of the 11 volunteers on day 90 had insufficient antibody titers 〈0.5 IU/ml. Single-day immunization against rabies with HDCV vaccine cannot be recommended because of the unacceptably high failure rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma ; Interferon-alpha ; Zidovudine ; Combination therapy ; HIV antigenemia ; Bone marrow suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A combination of oral zidovudine (250 mg twice daily) and subcutaneous interferon-alpha (10×106 units daily) was evaluated for clinical, antiretroviral, and immunological efficacy and for side effects in 17 patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Fifteen patients were evaluable. During the study period of 12 weeks, tumor responses were complete in two patients and partial in two patients (27% major response rate). Minimal responses were seen in two patients (40% overall response rate). An anti-HIV effect (reduction of serum p24 antigen by 70% or more) was observed in seven of ten evaluable patients who were initially antigenemic. CD4 lymphocyte counts remained unchanged. In six patients who had either a tumor response or a marked decline of HIV antigenemia, the treatment was continued between 12 and 59 weeks beyond the study period. Two of four patients with tumor regression at 12 weeks had an additional tumor response in this period despite prior dose reduction of interferon due to toxicity. Late progression of KS was eventually observed in four of six patients on prolonged treatment. The responsiveness of Kaposi's sarcoma seen in this study in patients with low CD4 counts and prior constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss) was unexpected and needs further confirmation by larger patient groups. Dose-limiting toxicities were bone marrow depression (severe anemia in four and neutropenia with anemia in two patients), subjective adverse experiences (fever, fatigue, myalgia; four patients) and both (two patients). Adjustment of the interferon dose improved the subjective as well as the hematologic tolerance to the combined treatment. Thus, the combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha can be considered as a possible treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. However, its use may be limited by toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 866-870 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a rabbit model of meningitis caused by a pneumococcus highly resistant to penicillin (MIC, 4 μg/ml), meropenem, a broad-spectrum carbapenem, was bactericidal (–0.48±0.14 Δlog10 cfu/ml·h) and slightly superior to ceftriaxone (–0.34±0.23 Δlog10 cfu/ml·h) and vancomycin (–0.39±0.19 Δlog10 cfu/ml·h). Although the combination of vancomycin with ceftriaxone was significantly more active than ceftriaxone alone (–0.55±0.19 Δlog10 cfu/ml·h), only an insignificant gain was observed by the addition of vancomycin to meropenem (–0.55±0.28 Δlog10 cfu/ml·h).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 8 (1989), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A number of advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis have been made in recent years. In vivo studies have shown that bacterial cell wall fragments and endotoxins are highly active components, independent of the presence of viable bacteria in the subarachnoid space. Their presence in the cerebrospinal fluid is associated with the induction of inflammation and with the development of brain edema and increased intracranial pressure. Antimicrobial therapy may cause an additional increase of harmful bacterial products in the cerebrospinal fluid and thereby potentiate these pathophysiological alterations. These changes may contribute to the development of brain damage during meningitis. Some promising experimental work has been directed toward counteracting the above phenomena with non-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as with monoclonal antibodies. Although considerable advances have been made, further research needs to be done in these areas to improve the prognosis of bacterial meningitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 12 (1984), S. S3 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Untersuchungen der bakteriellen Meningitis unter Verwendung von Kaninchenmodellen haben wesentlich zu unserem Verständnis dieser Erkrankung beigetragen, obwohl sich Kaninchenmodelle aus technischen Gründen nur zum Studium ganz spezifischer Aspekte eignen. Die Vermehrung von Bakterien im Subarachnoidalraum bleibt von der körpereigenen Immunabwehr weitgehend unbeeinflußt, in erster Linie, weil im infizierten Liquor ungenügende Mengen von spezifischen Antikörpern und funktionsfähigem Complement vorhanden sind. Die sich vermehrenden Bakterien zerstören die Integrität der Blut-Hirnschranke und führen zum Einstrom von Serumeiweiß und zur Invasion polymorphkerniger Leukozyten an den Ort der Entzündung. Die Gegenwart von Leukozyten im Subarachnoidalraum ist unzureichend, um mit der Infektion fertig zu werden; vielmehr scheinen Leukozyten schädigende Wirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem zu haben. Verschiedene Stoffwechselprodukte der Leukozyten, so zum Beispiel ungesättigte Fettsäuren, Arachidonsäuremetaboliten und freie Sauerstoffradikale, kommen als Mediatoren für die tiefgreifenden hydrodynamischen, strukturellen und metabolischen Veränderungen in Frage, die derzeit in experimentellen Modellen untersucht werden. Dank vertieftem Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge der bakteriellen Meningitis wird es möglicherweise in Zukunft gelingen, therapeutische Strategien zu entwickeln, welche die Prognose dieser Krankheit weiter verbessern.
    Notes: Summary Rabbit models of bacterial meningitis have contributed substantially to our understanding of the disease, although the technical characteristics of these models only allow the study of specific aspects of the disease. Bacterial multiplication in the subarachnoidal space is not substantially influenced by host defense mechanisms, mainly because of the lack of sufficient amounts of specific antibodies and functional complement in infected CSF. The multiplying bacteria induce profound changes in the blood-brain barrier, an influx of serum proteins into the CSF and the invasion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at the site of the infection. The presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in CSF not only appears to be of limited value in combating the infection, but also seems to produce deleterious effects on the central nervous system. Components of the leukocytes, such as unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic metabolites and free oxygen radicals, may contribute to the profound hydrodynamic, structural and metabolic changes that are currently under study in experimental models of the disease. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis may allow us to design more effective therapeutic strategies and improve the outcome of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 177-178 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir behandelten einen erwachsenen Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose wegen seiner durchPseudomonas aeruginosa verursachten Lungeninfektion mit Ciprofloxacin, einem Quinolonderivat. Die Einnahme von Ciprofloxacin war wiederholt mit dem Auftreten einer asymptomatischen Hämaturie verbunden. Obwohl der dafür verantwortliche pathogenetische Mechanismus zur Zeit unbekannt ist, sollte auf diese mögliche Nebenwirkung von Ciprofloxacin geachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary We used ciprofloxacin, a quinolone-derivative, to treat a lung infection due toPseudomonas aeruginosa in an adult cystic fibrosis patient. On three different occasions the use of ciprofloxacin was associated with the development of an asymptomatic hematuria with red blood cell casts. The mechanism responsible for this hematuria is presently unknown, but clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse effect of ciprofloxacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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