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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4564-4569 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, we found that the interdiffusion of the CdS and Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) layers can occur either at high temperature (550–650 °C) in Ar or at lower temperature (400–420 °C) in a CdCl2 atmosphere. By integrating a Zn2SnO4 film into a CdS/CdTe solar cell as a buffer layer, this interdiffusion feature can solve several critical issues and improve device performance and reproducibility of both SnO2-based and Cd2SnO4-based CdTe cells. Interdiffusion consumes the CdS film from both the ZTO and CdTe sides during the device fabrication process and improves quantum efficiency at short wavelengths. The ZTO film acts as a Zn source to alloy with the CdS film, which results in increases in the band gap of the window layer and in short-circuit current density Jsc. Interdiffusion can also significantly improve device adhesion after CdCl2 treatment, thus providing much greater process latitude when optimizing the CdCl2 process step. The optimum CdCl2-treated CdTe device has high quantum efficiency at long wavelength, because of its good junction properties and well-passivated CdTe film. We have fabricated a Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/CdS/CdTe cell demonstrating an NREL-confirmed total-area efficiency of 15.8% (Voc=844.3 mV, Jsc=25.00 mA/cm2, and fill factor=74.82%). This high-performance cell is one of the best thin-film CdTe solar cells in the world. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements are used to explore minority carrier recombination in n-type GaAs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and doped with selenium to produce electron concentrations from 1.3×1017 cm−3 to 3.8×1018 cm−3. For electron densities n0〈1018 cm−3, the lifetime is found to be controlled by radiative recombination and photon recycling with no evidence of Shockley–Read–Hall recombination. For higher electron densities, samples show evidence of Shockley–Read–Hall recombination as reflected in the intensity dependence of the photoluminescence decay. Still, we find that radiative recombination and photon recycling are important for all electron concentrations studied, and no evidence for Auger recombination was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 1225-1237 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation (ut+3uux/2+ 1/4 uxxx)x +3σuyy/4=0 allows an infinite-dimensional Lie group of symmetries, i.e., a group transforming solutions amongst each other. The Lie algebra of this symmetry group depends on three arbitrary functions of time "t'' and is shown to be related to a subalgebra of the loop algebra A(1)4. Low-dimensional subalgebras of the symmetry algebra are identified, specifically all those of dimension n≤3, and also a physically important six-dimensional Lie algebra containing translations, dilations, Galilei transformations, and "quasirotations.'' New solutions of the KP equation are obtained by symmetry reduction, using the one-dimensional subalgebras of the symmetry algebra. These solutions contain up to three arbitrary functions of t.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 6648-6674 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we construct a set of five conditions necessary for the existence of generalized symmetries for a class of differential-difference equations depending only on nearest neighboring interaction. These conditions are applied to prove the existence of new integrable equations belonging to this class. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 5551-5576 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Differential–difference equations of the form ün=Fn(t,un−1,un,un+1) are classified according to their continuous Lie point symmetry groups. It is shown that for nonlinear equations, the symmetry group can be at most seven-dimensional. The integrable Toda lattice is a member of this class and has a four-dimensional symmetry group. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 34 (1993), S. 3713-3730 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Two different methods of finding Lie point symmetries of differential-difference equations are presented and applied to the two-dimensional Toda lattice. Continuous symmetries are combined with discrete ones to obtain various reductions to lower dimensional equations, in particular, to differential equations of the delay type. The concept of conditional symmetries is extended from purely differential to differential-difference equations and shown to incorporate Bäcklund transformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 10772-10776 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2440-2442 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed lifetimes greater than 1 μs in moderately doped, thin film, n-GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As double heterostructure membranes formed by etching away the substrate. We attribute these ultralong lifetimes to enhanced photon recycling caused by the removal of the substrate. Nonradiative recombination in the bulk and at the interfaces is very low; the upper limit of the interface recombination velocity is 25 cm/s. Such long lifetimes in GaAs doped at ND=1.3×1017 cm−3 suggest that thin-film solar cells offer a potential option for achieving very high efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2879-2881 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved photoluminescence was used to map recombination lifetimes in polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells. Typical lifetime profiles indicated spatial variation by factors of 2–3 across 1 cm dimensions. Correlated device efficiency measurements indicated that spatial regions of lifetime minima dominated the open-circuit voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A climate change impacts assessment for water resources in the San Joaquin River region of California is presented. Regional climate projections are based on a 1 percent per year CO2 increase relative to late 20th Century CO2 conditions. Two global projections of this CO2 increase scenario are considered (HadCM2 and PCM) during two future periods (2010 to 2039 and 2050 to 2079). HadCM2 projects faster warming than PCM. HadCM2 and PCM project wetter and drier conditions, respectively, relative to present climate. In the HadCM2 case, there would be increased reservoir inflows, increased storage limited by existing capacity, and increased releases for deliveries and river flows. In the PCM case, there would be decreased reservoir inflows, decreased storage and releases, and decreased deliveries. Impacts under either projection case cannot be regarded as more likely than the other. Most of the impacts uncertainty is attributable to the divergence in the precipitation projections. The range of assessed impacts is too broad to guide selection of mitigation projects. Regional planning agencies can respond by developing contingency strategies for these cases and applying the methodology herein to evaluate a broader set of CO2 scenarios, land use projections, and operational assumptions. Improved agency access to climate projection information is necessary to support this effort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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