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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: quantitative coronary angiography ; INTACT-study ; nifedipine ; antiatherosclerotic therapy ; regression/progression coronary artery disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is the objective of the INTACT-study to test in man, whether a significant retardation of the progression of coronary artery disease is attainable with the Ca-antagonist nifedipine; this may be possible on the basis of numerous animal experiments. INTACT is a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled investigation in 423 patients with preferably early stages of coronary sclerosis in whom a progression of the disease seems likely. A proper coronary angiogram led to inclusion of the patients in the study (October 1983–June 1985). Over the following 3-years-period patients received either nifedipine 80 mg/day or placebo. The study is concluded by a control coronary angiogram with angiographic projections which are identical to those of the first coronary angiography. The extent of coronary sclerosis is objectivated by computer-assisted quantitative measurement of the entire coronary arterial system with the CAAS-system (Rotterdam). For definition purposes the coronary artery system subdivided into 25 segments. Parameters for progression assessment will be mean segment diameter, minimal obstruction diameter, percentage severity of obstruction, length of obstruction and plaque area. So far 4826 coronary segments have been analyzed from the first angiograms of 383 patients. Per patient an average of 12.6 different segments could be evaluated in at least one angiographic projection. The major coronary segments could be measured in 72–93% of the patients in one or more angiographic projections (at the average about 2 different projections). Five hundred and forty-six coronary obstructions were analyzed; 131 of these were total occlusions. Only 9% of the length of the vessel contours detected by the computer algorithm required manual correction by the operators, suggesting a high reliability of the system. It can be concluded that quantitative measurement of the complete coronary artery system can indeed be obtained in a large angiographical multicenter study such as INTACT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 232 (1957), S. 137-161 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the nephrectomised rat and in the rat overdosed with cortexone and salt comparative investigations have been performed on the intensity of the hypertensive reaction following the intravenous injection of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, renin, natural and synthetic hypertensin, vasopressin, and ocytocin. 2. In the nephrectomised animal there is an increase of pressor response dependent on the dose for renin and the various peptides while no enhanced activity for the adrenergic substances has been found. 3. In the animals pretreated with cortexone and salt, pressor response to the adrenergic substances as well as to renin and the hypertensive peptides is increased, the maximal height of and relative increase in blood pressure being generally higher than in the nephrectomised rats. 4. Two mechanisms seem to be responsible for the increase in hypertensive activity of the substances examined: a) a decrease in the inactivating capacity for renin and peptides, resulting either from extirpation of the kidney or from diminution of the content of pressor active material (renin?) in the kidney. b) an increased sensitivity of the arterial system to hypertensive stimuli, probably due to a higher sodium, potassium and water content of the arterial and arteriolar wall. 5. The possible significance of these mechanisms for the pathogenesis of hypertension is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1141-1142 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Estrogen ; Progestogen ; Cardiovascular ; Atherosclerosis ; Hormonal replacement therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estrogens have been found to protect against atherosclerosis in a variety of animal models, and these antiatherogenic properties have been confirmed by epidemiological and clinical studies in women as well. Since the estrogen-induced changes of plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels do not fully account for the prevention of atherosclerosis, additional effects must be assumed. Experimental studies suggest various direct vascular actions. Estrogens enhance the endothelial degradation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and preliminary data indicate antioxidative actions on low-density lipoprotein particles in macrophages. They suppress intimal proliferation and extracellular matrix production in the arterial wall and induce marked vasodilatation in systemic and coronary arteries. Adverse effects on hemostatic factors described with high doses and synthetic compounds are not evident during hormonal replacement in postmenopausal women, in whom an estradiol-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation may even have beneficial clinical effects. The role of progesterone and other progestogens in the progession of atherosclerosis is controversial. Despite a partial antagonism to estrogen-induced changes of plasma lipids, their addition to estrogens does not alter the antiatherosclerotic properties, at least in animal experiments. The direct vascular actions of progestogens — although not as well documented — seem to be less pronounced than those of estrogens. The experimental data indicate that direct vascular effects play an important role in the antiatherogenic properties of ovarian sex steroids. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 599-600 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 517-517 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Infective endocarditis ; Renal infarction ; Renal embolism ; Candida albicans ; Endocarditis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient with mitral value endocarditis due toCandida albicans infection is presented. Because of persistent fever and one episode of transient right-sided hemiparesis, the patient underwent mitral value replacement. Two weeks after successful valve replacement, the patient suddenly developed acute abdominal pain and died before a surgical intervention could be initiated. Autopsy examination revealed a renal infarction in the lower part of the right kidney with a large rupture of the capsule and retroperitoneal bleeding. A myocotic aneurysm could not be detected. The clinical significance of renal infarction in infective endocarditis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; coronary ; Calcium entry blockers ; Coronary artery disease ; Dihydropyridines ; INTACT ; Nifedipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Animal experiments suggest an inhibitory effect of calcium entry blockers on arterial calcinosis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Experiments with isolated tissues suggest various mechanisms for an antiatherosclerotic effect of calcium entry blockers. INTACT, the International Nifedipine Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy, is the first study investigating, with a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind design, the influence of a calcium entry blocker (nifedipine 80 mg/day) on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with proven coronary artery disease. Study endpoints were changes of established coronary stenoses (diameter reduction ≥ 20%), as well as the formation of new stenoses as documented by coronary angiography. Standardized coronary angiograms were taken before and after a treatment period of 3 years. The angiograms were quantitatively analyzed with the computer-assisted edge detection system CHAS. Of the 425 patients included in the study, 282 patients (134 on nifedipine and 148 on placebo) revealed no protocol violations. In the inclusion angiograms of these patients, 893 coronary stenoses were detected which were not significantly influenced in their development by nifedipine. However, 196 entirely new coronary lesions, 185 stenoses and 11 occlusions, were found in the follow-up angiograms. There were 78 lesions in 54 patients (40%) on nifedipine (0.58 new lesions/patient) and 118 lesions in 73 patients (49%; n.s.) on placebo (0.8 new lesions/patient; p = 0.031). In two other studies on the inhibiting effect of dihydropyridine calcium entry blockers on the progression of coronary artery disease in man defining angiographic endpoints, the drugs were also shown to reduce the number of newly formed significant coronary lesions. If further trials in man confirm a protective role of calcium entry blockers against the formation of atherosclerotic coronary lesions, a new strategy in the prevention of coronary artery disease has to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 59 (1969), S. 287-324 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Clinical and angiographic aspects of 250 patients studied by selective coronary arteriography are analyzed. 165 patients with an abnormal angiogramm revealed a high increase in risk factors and positive history. Patients with typical angina and history of infarction showed in the great majority subtotal or total obstructions of one or more major branches with a mean of 2.8 branches affected per patient. The confrontation of ECG, VCG and history revealed an equal diagnostic value for the latter especially in patients with typical angina. In general vectorcardiography showed a higher accuracy and greater yield of positive diagnosis of infarction. The exercise test was found to be of problematic value. Number and degrec of obstructions, localisation and number of affected branches per patient are similar to other studies performed with the same technic (Sones) and in good agreement with postmortem investigations. A high percentage of anastomoses (76%) was found in patients with total obstructions, whercas in subtotal obstructions the percentage was much smaller (14%). The significance of this phenomenon is discussed. —Left ventricular angiography, performed in 100 patients, was of high value, showing in the great majority of patients with pathologic coronary arteries-some malfunction of the left ventricle (aneurysme or dyskinesia of the left ventricular wall).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden die klinischen und angiographischen Aspekte bei 250 mit der selektiven Technik angiographierten Patienten analysiert. Bei 165 Patienten mit pathologischem Angiogramm waren die Risikofaktoren, Angina pectoris und Infarktanamnese eindeutig gehäuft, wobei die beiden letzteren in der großen Mehrzahl mit schweren Läsionen (subtotalen R. ant. desc., R. diag., R. circumfl. sin.) und in der Regel drei bis vier Äste befallen waren. Die Gegenüberstellung von Ekg resp. Vektorkardiogramm und Anamnese zeigt, daß der letzteren mindestens ein ebenso großer Grad diagnostischer Treffsicherheit zukommt. Auf die Problematik des Arbeitsversuches im Vergleich mit der Angiographie wird hingewiesen. Zahl und Schweregrad der Verschlüsse, ihre Lokalisation und Zahl der pro Patient betroffenenen Koronaräste sowie auch die Häufigkeit reparativer Vorgänge (vor allem bei totalen Stenosen) und deren eventuellen prognostischen Implikationen werden eingehend diskutiert. Die in der vorliegenden Untersuchung mit der selektiven Angiographie gemachten Erfahrungen erweisen sich im Vergleich zu postmortalen Studien, aber auch mit der gleichen Technik gemachten Beobachtungen an einem anderen Krankengut (Sones), als sehr zuverlässig. — Die im Anschluß an die Koronarographie bei 100 Patienten durchgeführte Angiographie des linken Ventrikels ergänzte das Koronarogramm wesentlich, indem in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle mit positivem Koronarbefund auch eine Abnormität des linken Ventrikels (umschriebenes oder ausgedehntes Aneurysma, Dyskinesien der Wand) gefunden wurde. — Diagnostische und prognostische sowie epidemiologische Implikationen werden abschließend eingehend diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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