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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 437-444 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Candidaserology ; Yeastinfections ; Systemic mycosis ; Agglutination ; Hemagglutination ; Immunoglobulins ; Candida-Serologie ; Pilzinfektionen ; Systemmykosen ; Agglutination ; Hämagglutination ; Immunoglobuline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Da die bisherigen Methoden zur Diagnostik von Candida-Infektionen häufig unzureichend sind, wurde durch den Vergleich von Agglutinations- und Hämagglutinationsreaktion von Patientenserum gegen Candida versucht, neue Parameter für eine rasche und sichere Diagnose zu finden. Es wurden Seren von 54 Patienten mit der Agglutinations-(AT) und der Hämagglutinationsreaktion (HAT) untersucht und beide Reaktionen verglichen. Mit der HAT konnten Organinfektionen mit Wahrscheinlichkeit und Sepsisfälle mit Sicherheit diagnostiziert werden. Mit Hilfe präcipitierter und säulenchromatographisch getrennter Immunoglobuline (IgA, IgM und IgG) konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß IgG-hämagglutinierende und agglutinierende, IgM dagegen nur hämagglutinierende Eigenschaften besitzt. Aufgrund dieser unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften von IgM und IgG wird der Unterschied im Titerverlauf zwischen HAT und AT erklärt, wodurch auch das Verhalten der Titerrelation bei einer Candida-Infektion deutlich wird. Es wurden 2 Kriterien für die Diagnostik von Candida-Infektionen erarbeitet: 1. Für die Verlaufskontrolle ist nicht nur die absolute Titerhöhe, sondern die Titerrelation (HAT/AT) entscheidend. Sie ist beim Gesunden 〈1 und beim Kranken ≧1. 2. Mit Hämagglutinations- und Agglutinationsreaktionen sind getrennte Aussagen über das Verhalten von IgM und IgG bei Candida-Infektionen möglich.
    Notes: Summary Because of the mostly inadequate methods for the detection ofCandida infections, the attempt was made to find new parameters for a rapid and reliable diagnosis comparing the agglutination and hemagglutination reactions of patients' serum againstCandida. 54 sera of patients were examined by the agglutination (AT) and hemagglutination (HAT) techniques and the reactions were compared with each other. Infections of organs were found out with probability by the HAT method, and cases of Candida septicemia with certainty. Precipitation of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and IgG) and separation by column chromatography allowed to demonstrate that IgG possesses hemagglutinating and agglutinating properties, IgM, on the other hand, only hemagglutinating qualities. Based on these different properties of IgM and IgG, the variation in the course of the titers between HAT and AT could be explained and the behaviour of the proportion of titers in aCandida infection becomes quite clear. Two criteria for the diagnosis of a Candida infection were pointed out: 1. Not only is the absolute height of titer important for the control of the course of an infection, but also the relation of the titers (HAT/AT). The HAT/AT relation in a healthy subject corresponds to 〈1 and in aCandida infected patient ≧1. 2. It is possible to make succinct statements on the behaviour of IgM and IgG inCandida infections by means of the hemagglutination and agglutination reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 599-600 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 247-251 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cephradine ; Cephalothin ; Brain Tissue Concentration ; Serum Concentration ; Furosemide ; Drug Interference ; Cephradin ; Cephalotin ; Hirngewebekonzentration ; Serumkonzentration ; Furosemid ; Wechselseitige Beeinflussung von Arnzeimitteln
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei insgesamt 16 Patienten mit hirnchirurgischen Eingriffen wurden Serum- und Hirngewebekonzentrationen von Cephradin und Cephalotin nach i.v.-Gabe von je 4 g bestimmt. 6 der 11 Patienten, die Cephradin erhielten, wurden zusätzlich oral mit 2mal tgl. 40 mg Furosemid behandelt. 5 Patienten erhielten Cephalotin i.v. Cephradin fällt im Serum zwischen der 60. und 100. Minute nach Infusion von 104,9 mcg/ml auf 56,7 mcg/ml ab und im Gewebe von 13,02 auf 8,37 mcg/g im Durchschnitt. Bei zusätzlicher Furosemid-Gabe liegen die Serumwerte von Cephradin signifikant höher und im Hirngewebe signifikant niedriger (p〈0,01). Die Cephalotinkonzentrationen waren auch ohne zusätzliche Furosemidgabe in der 60. und 70. Minute mit 32,3 mcg/ml im Serum deutlich niedriger, im Hirngeweb waren sie mit 0,55 mcg/g extrem niedrig, so daß auf die Prüfung einer Beeinflussung durch Furosemid verzichtet wurde. Im Liquor cerebrospinalis waren zu keinem Zeitpunkt nennenswerte Konzentrationen von Cephradin oder Cephalotin nachweisbar. Die durch die zusätzliche Furosemidmedikation bedingten, teilweise erheblichen Konzentrationsunterschiede von Cephradin im Serum und im Hirngewebe zeigen, daß einer Mehrfachmedikation besonderes Augenmerk gewidmet werden muß.
    Notes: Summary Serum and brain tissue concentrations were determined after i.v. administration of 4 g cephradine to 11 patients of whom 6 were additionally receiving 40 mg furosemide t.i.d. peroral. Five further patients were given 4 g cephalothin i.v. All patients were undergoing a brain operation at the time of antibiotic administration. Between 60 and 100 min after dosage, cephradine decreased in the serum from 104.9 mcg/ml to 56.7 mcg/ml and in the brain tissue from 13.02 mcg/g to 8.37 mcg/g in the mean. Cephradine concentrations in serum were higher and in brain tissue lower when furosemide was given as well. These differences are statistically significant (p〈0.01). Serum concentrations of cephalothin over the same period and in the absence of furosemide were very low with 32.2 mcg/ml at 60 to 70 min, and extremely low in the brain tissue (0.55 mcg/g in the mean) so that a trial with furosemide was not performed. Neither antibiotic was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid. The differences in serum and brain tissue concentrations of cephradine in the presence and absence of furosemide demonstrate that special care must be taken when administering more than one drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 81-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cross-correlation histograms (CCH) were computed for discharge sequences of pairs of motoneurones which were excited by sinusoidal muscle stretches. These CCH's were compared before and after opening of the recurrent inhibitory loop by Renshaw cell blocking agents. Periodic patterns in the CCH's indicative of specifically timed phase relations between discharges of different motoneurones were enhanced after Renshaw cell blockage. This was confirmed by power spectra computed for the CCH's. They contained power peaks about 50Hz which tended to increase after depression of recurrent inhibition. The correlation was thus due predominantly to line current interference which seemed to act as a common entrainment input at the spinal level. It is concluded that Renshaw cells de-correlate discharge patterns of different motoneurones of the same pool by injecting uncorrelated signals into them. This de-correlation is an important prerequisite for distortion suppression of signal transmission in a multi-channel system, like that of stretch reflex, and for its linearization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 23 (1976), S. 61-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented for the estimation of the complete time course of muscle active state. The method is based on the selection of a proper model for the muscle, consisting of linear and non-linear components, and on the estimation of its parameters from a simple experiment. The model's parameters are estimated, using the least square method, from measurements of a tetanized muscle's response to a change of its length. The time course of the active state is calculated from an isometric twitch tension response of the same muscle. The twitch tension response is taken as the system's output, and the active state as its input. The latter can be estimated since the system parameters have already been estimated from the tetanized muscle experiment. Experiments were performed on the gastrocnemius muscle of frogs and cats. Results are given for the whole active state time course of these muscles. The results show that the peak active state force does not reach tetanic value, and a negative force is generated during the relaxation period. Additional experiments were carried out with the purpose of verifying the existence of this force; however, no conclusive results were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 64 (1991), S. 469-475 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The single signed integral pulse frequency modulation (SS-IPFM) is used in modeling neural communication processes. The reference signal crossing and in particular sine wave crossings (SWC) are used to describe physiological processes like vision. Under some restrictions upon the input signal it is possible to define SS-IPFM and SWC systems with identical output for the same modulation input. These restrictions and the exact compositions of the encoders are examined by comparison of both SS-IPFM and SWC to general form of Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cyclophosphamide ; Cardiomyopathy ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 12-year-old boy with aplastic anemia developed severe but reversible cardiac failure after treatment with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4×50 mg/kg on four consecutive days) given as preparation for bone marrow grafting. This and previously reported cases demonstrate the possibility of cardiotoxicity after high doses of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 394-402 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words: Acetylsalicylic acid – Paracetamol – Dipyrone – Dosage – Safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although the need for routine antipyretic therapy in children has often been questioned, there are no data to contra-indicate this. Not all fevers need to be treated but many physicians do so to relieve parental concern. The most commonly used antipyretic drugs are acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), paracetamol (acetaminophen) and dipyrone (metamizol). Paracetamol and ASA have been extensively evaluated but there are few clinical trials on dipyrone. In the last decade a strong statistical association has been observed between salicylates and Reye syndrome. Paracetamol is the most common cause of acute hepatic failure. Dipyrone has been associated with agranulocytosis. In the light of these findings the extensive use of antipyretic drugs has been seriously questioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Bioethics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8519
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: In this article I argue that the proper subjects of intangible property claims include medical records, genetic profiles, and gene enhancement techniques. Coupled with a right to privacy these intangible property rights allow individuals a zone of control that will, in most cases, justifiably exclude governmental or societal invasions into private domains. I argue that the threshold for overriding privacy rights and intangible property rights is higher, in relation to genetic enhancement techniques and sensitive personal information, than is commonly suggested. Once the bar is raised, so-to-speak, the burden of overriding it is formidable. Thus many policy decisions that have been recently proposed or enacted – citywide audio and video surveillance, law enforcement DNA sweeps, genetic profiling, national bans on genetic testing and enhancement of humans, to name a few – will have to be backed by very strong arguments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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