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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuberkulosebekämpfung nach der Jahrtausendwende – eine unüberwindbare Herausforderung? (1999)
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 681-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001030050186
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuberkuloseepidemiologie in Deutschland und der Welt mit Schwerpunkt Osteuropa (1999)
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 683-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulose ; Epidemiologie ; Deutschland ; Osteuropa ; Weltweit ; Resistenzsituation ; DOTS ; Key words Tuberculosis ; Epidemiology ; Germany ; Eastern Europe ; Worldwide ; Resistance situation ; DOTS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary From a global viewpoint, tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases of our time. The situation in Germany, as in most comparable industrialized nations, is stable. The declining trend of previous years continued in 1997, when 11,163 people developed active tuberculosis – an incidence of 13.6/100,000. However, the tuberculosis problem cannot be restricted to one country, and Germany is particularly affected by trends in Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet countries. These countries experienced a marked increase of tuberculosis cases and resistant strains during recent years, a tendency which can only be countered by fast, well-aimed and efficient action in the affected areas. The industrialized nations in particular should consider financial and logistic contributions as their duty. Crucial for control of the tuberculosis situation within each country are registration and close observation of epidemiological trends, identification of high-risk groups, and continuation of established tuberculosis control measures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Global gesehen ist die Tuberkulose heutzutage eine der wichtigsten Infektionskrankheiten. In Deutschland, wie auch in den meisten vergleichbaren Industrienationen, ist die Situation stabil. 1997 setzte sich der rückläufige Trend der letzten Jahre fort; es erkrankten 11.163 Menschen an einer aktiven Tuberkulose, entsprechend einer Inzidenz von 13,6/100.000. Die Tuberkulose ist jedoch ein grenzüberschreitendes Problem, insbesondere die Entwicklung in Osteuropa und den Ländern der ehemaligen Sowjetunion ist für Deutschland von Bedeutung. Hier zeigt sich in den letzten Jahren ein deutlicher Anstieg der Tuberkulosefälle und zudem auch eine Zunahme resistenter Erreger. Nur durch rasches, gezieltes und effizientes Handeln vor Ort besteht die Möglichkeit, diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken. Insbesondere die Industrienationen sind gefordert, finanziell und logistisch Unterstützung zu leisten. Entscheidend für die Kontrolle der Tuberkulosesituation im eigenen Land ist die Erfassung und aufmerksame Beobachtung aktueller epidemiologischer Trends, die Identifikation gefährdeter Personengruppen sowie die Aufrechterhaltung bewährter Tuberkulose-Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001030050187
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospektiver Vergleich der diagnostischen Wertigkeit von Zytologie und Immunzytologie bei thorakoskopisch-bioptisch untersuchten Pleuraergüssen (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 400-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pleural effusion ; Thoracoscopy ; Immunocytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two issues have been elaborated: (1) the value of immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of pleural effusions, and (2) the reactivity of the investigated antibodies with different classes of cells in pleural effusions. Effusions of unknown origin from 38 patients were investigated using thoracoscopy, pleural biopsies, conventional cytology, and immunocytochemistry. The following antibodies were used: those monoclonal against various leukocyte antigens, macrophage antigens, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), various cytoskeleton antigens, and melanoma antigens; those polyclonal against CEA and ferritin. All of the techniques used showed 18 patients (48%) as having a tumor-cell negative effusion. A pleural tumor with a malignant effusion showed in 13 patients (34%); in 12 of these immunocytochemistry also revealed tumor cells. Seven patients (18%) had a tumor of the pleura with a tumor-cell negative effusion; in 2 of these immunocytochemistry revealed a tumor-cell positive effusion. There was no difference with regard to the number of NK cells in patients with inflammation of the pleura and negative cytology and patients with tumor of the pleura and malignant effusion (3% vs 4.5%). Tumor cells were mainly stained by EMA, cytokeratin, and CEA. CEA was the only antibody to be tumor-cell specific, while EMA and cytokeratin were expressed by mesothelial cells also. The antibody against ferritin was a significant marker for mesothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01715761
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutant genes of cytochrome P-450IID6, glutathione S-transferase class Mu, and arylamine N-acetyltransferase in lung cancer patients (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pharmacogenetics ; Cancer epidemiology ; Lung cancer ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Cytochrome P-45011136 ; Glutathione S-transferase ; Arylamine N-acetyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidemiological studies suggested a protective effect of certain phenotypes of polymorphic foreign-compound-metabolizing enzymes in some types of cancer. Poor metabolizers (PM) of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450IID6, CYP2D6) were found to be underrepresented among patients with lung cancer. Recent advances in molecular genetic characterization of CYP2D6, glutathione S-transferase (GST) class Mu, and arylamine N-acetyltransferase enabled genotypical determination of mutant alleles in lung cancer patients. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with a cDNA gene probe of CYP2D6 was analyzed in 79 lung cancer patients who were phenotyped with debrisoquine. Mutant alleles were detected by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the same individuals, genotype of GST class Mu was analyzed by PCR and correlated with ex vivo activity of glutathione conjugation towards trans-stilbene oxide. RFLP patterns allowed discrimination between the slow and fast genotype of N-acetyltransferase as well as the heterozygotes. Three phenotypical PMs of debrisoquine (3.8%) were confirmed by PCR and RFLP. No PM could be unambiguously recognized only by RFLP patterns. The PMs were characterized by PCR and RFLP as carriers of the 29B/29B (n=1), 29A/29B (n=1), and 29A/44 (n = 1) mutant alleles. Higher debrisoquine hydroxylase activities were found in the homozygous EMs, who possess two active genes, as compared to heterozygous EMs, who have only one active gene. The patients with phenotypically impaired GST Mu activity were confirmed as such by PCR. A complete correspondence between phenotyping of N-acetyltransferase (with caffeine) and genotyping was found. The new genetic techniques proved to be powerful tools for molecular-epidemiological studies aimed at establishing host factors of cancer susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184667
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotherapy in bone and joint tuberculosis (1999)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Tuberculosis extrapulmonary • Bones and joints • Therapy ; Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulose extrapulmonale • Knochen und Gelenke • Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Knochen- und Gelenktuberkulosen werden, wie jede andere Organtuberkulose, immer mit einer antituberkulösen Kombinationstherapie behandelt. Die Gesamttherapiedauer sollte mindestens 6 Monate betragen, bei ausgedehntem Befall mindestens 9 Monate. Einer 2- bis 3monatigen Initialphase mit 4–5 Medikamenten (INH, RMP, PZA, zusätzlich EMB und/oder SM) folgt eine 4- bis 6monatige Phase einer Zweifachtherapie mit INH und RMP, vorausgesetzt, der Erreger ist voll sensibel und die Standardmedikamente können eingesetzt werden. Wichtigste Nebenwirkungen sind hepatotoxische oder allergische Reaktionen, häufige Kontraindikationen sind vorbestehende, oft toxisch bedingte Leberschäden. Lokale Komplikationen, die operative Maßnahmen erfordern, sind vor allem spinale Instabilität oder neurologische Ausfälle.
    Notes: Summary Bone and joint tuberculosis, as all other types of tuberculosis is generally treated with antituberculotic combination chemotherapy. This has to be continued for a minimum of six months, or nine months in case of extensive spreading. A two- to three-month initial phase with four or five different drugs (H, R, Z, and additionally E and/or S) is followed by a four- to six-month therapy with H and R alone, provided the pathogen is fully susceptible to a standard regimen. The main side effects are hepatotoxic or allergic reactions. A frequent contra-indication is existing, often toxicity-induced, liver damage. The main local complications requiring surgery are spinal instability or neurologic deficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003620
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusionsstörungen bei primär-chronischer Polyarthritis und Lupus erythematodes disseminatus (1970)
    Springer
    Lung 141 (1970), S. 230-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die klinischen und atemphysiologischen Befunde bei 9 Patienten mit primär-chronischer Polyarthritis (PCP) und 5 Patienten mit Lupus erythematodes disseminatus (LED) werden beschrieben. Obwohl nur in 5 Fällen mit PCP ein röntgenologischer Anhalt für eine diffuse Lungenbeteiligung vorlag, zeigte sich bei allen Patienten mit PCP bzw. LED eine deutliche Störung der Diffusion (CO-Ein-Atemzug-Methode), die häufig mit einer Restriktion und — wo untersucht — mit einer alveolären Hyperventilation einherging. Nach Diskussion der funktionellen und morphologischen Ursachen der Diffusionsstörungen wird die Bedeutung der atemphysiologischen Untersuchungen für diese beiden verwandten Krankheitsbilder aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract The clinical data (Table 1) and pulmonary physiologic findings (Table 2) in nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described. Only 5 patients with RA showed roentgenologic evidence of a diffuse involvement of the lungs. Thex-rays of the remaining 4 patients with RA as well as of 4 patients with SLE looked normal. Yet in all cases a marked lowering of the diffusing capacity (CO-single-breath-method) was found. This defect in diffusion tended to be associated with restriction and (when investigated) with alveolar hyperventilation. Fig. 2 shows the results of VC, DLCO and DL/VL in the patients with RA and roentgenologic diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (group I) and in the patients with RA and normal roentgenologic appearance (group II). Although the mean values of group I are lower, statistically no significant difference was found. For comparison the results in patients with SLE are added (group III). The findings demonstrate that a lowered diffusing capacity may indicate a pulmonary involvement in patients with RA or SLE when other physiologic, clinical or roentgenologic criteria are normal. This is documented by one case, in which the pulmonary manifestation, suspected by a defect in diffusion, was proved histologically although thex-ray looked normal (Fig. 1a and b). In addition, the measurement of the diffusing capacity appears to be an ideal method to observe the progression of the pulmonary involvement and to evaluate the response to treatment. In patients with RA the abnormal diffusion may be the indication for therapy with corticosteroids. The high incidence of normal roentgenologic findings associated with a diffusion defect in our study may explain the difficulty other authors had to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between RA and pulmonary manifestation when only roentgenologic symptoms were taken as criteria. The functional and morphologic reasons for the lowering of the diffusing capacity are discussed, as is the value of pulmonary physiologic measurements in the study of these two related disease states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02136751
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