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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-responses for edrophonium during antagonism of vecuronium block in young and older adult patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dose-response relationship for edrophonium during antagonism of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was studied in two groups of adult patients of mean (SD) age 35(10.0) years (n = 42) and 77 (5.4) years (n = 42) respectively. Neuromuscular block was monitored by recording the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle following train-of-four stimulation. Six patients in each age group received 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, or 1.5mg.kg-1 of edrophonium, or normal saline at 10% recovery of T1 (first response in the train-of-four) after a single dose of vecuronium 0.08mg.kg-1. The train-of-four ratios were recorded continuously over the next 10 min and the values at 1 min intervals from 5min onwards were used to construct the dose-response curves. The dose-response curves showed no significant difference between the two age groups except at 10 min. The estimated dose of edrophonium required for attaining a train-of-four ratio of 0. 7 at 10 min was 0.9 and 1.3 mg.kg-1 in the younger and older groups, respectively (p 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06039.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of mivacurium block with or without anticholinesterases following administration by continuous infusion (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty patients received a bolus dose of 0.2mg.kg-1 of mivacurium followed by an infusion during anaesthesia with thiopentone, fentanyl and halothane. Neuromuscular block was monitored using train-of-four stimulation and mechanomyography and the block maintained to keep the first response in the train-of-four (T1) at 10% of control. At the end of surgery the patients were randomly allocated to reversal with neostigmine or edrophonium or to spontaneous recovery. The mean dosage of mivacurium for maintaining the T1 at 10% was 5.7 μg.kg-1.min-1. There was a significant (r =–0.81, p 〈 0.001) negative correlation between time to recovery of T1 to 10% after the bolus dose and infusion rate. The times taken for T1 to reach 25, 75 and 90% of control and for the train-of-four ratio to reach 0.7 were significantly shorter (p 〈 0.05 to 0.001) with neostigmine and edrophonium compared to the spontaneously recovering group. The average (SD) times for attaining the train-of-four ratio of 0.7 were 7.0 (1.2), 6.8 (1.4) and 13.5 (2.3) min respectively for neostigmine, edrophonium and spontaneously recovering groups. There were no differences between endrophonium and neostigmine in any of the recovery times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04309.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical evaluation of doxacurium chloride (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Doxacurium was administered to 50 adult patients for determination of potency (n = 10), onset and duration of clinical relaxation (n = 40). Cumulative dose-response showed the ED95 to be 33.24 μg.kg−1 (95% confidence limits 27.4–39.3). Doxacurium 33 μg.kg−1 was then administered to four groups of 10 patients each who had anaesthesia maintained with either fentanyl-droperidol or halothane and nerve stimulation carried out with single-twitch stimulation at 0.1 Hz or train-of-four stimulation at 2 Hz every 12 s. The onset and duration showed wide individual variation. The mean (SD) times to occurrence of maximal block were 8.5 (4.6), 6.1 (1.9), 6.7 (1.8) and 4.7 (1.3) min in the single twitch-fentanyl, train-of-four-fentanyl, single twitch-halothane and train-of-four-halothane groups respectively, although it ranged from 3.4 to 13.1 min in individual patients. The mean (SD) durations of clinical relaxation (recovery of single twitch or first response in train-of-four to 25%) were 65 (22.8), 52 (21.7), 70 (33.4) and 72 (21.0) min respectively with individual values ranging from 31 to 103 min. Although halothane administration increased the duration of clinical relaxation and train-of-four stimulation accelerated the onset of effect, the changes due to these were not significant. There were no adverse effects on heart rate or indirectly measured arterial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02322.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) during fentanyl and halothane anaesthesia (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neuromuscular effects of intravenous rocuronium bromide, 0.6 mg.kg−1 or 0.9 mg.kg−1, were studied in four groups of 10 patients during anaesthesia with or without halothane (0.5–0.75% inspired concentration). Neuromuscular block was monitored using mechanomyography and train-of-four stimulation. The mean times to onset of complete neuromuscular block were 58 and 59 s using the 0.6 mg.kg−1 dose in patients anaesthetised with fentanyl and halothane respectively. The times of 34 min and 33 min for 25% recovery of T1 (first response in the train of four), 54 min and 52 min for 90% recovery of T1, 55 min and 60 min for a train of four ratio of 0.7, and 13 and 13 min respectively for the recovery index (25–75% recovery of T1) were not significantly different in these groups. Complete block with the 0.9 mg.kg−1 dose occurred in 47 s and 44 s respectively in the fentanyl and halothane groups. T1 recovered to 25% in 51 min and 58 min, and to 90% in 77 min and 86 min respectively in the two groups. The recovery indices and the times to spontaneous recovery of the train of four ratio to 0.7 were 17 min and 19 min, and 83 min and 93 min respectively. All the parameters were significantly different between the 0.6 mg.kg−1 and 0.9 mg.kg−1 doses. Halothane in the concentrations used did not influence the neuromuscular effects. It is concluded that rocuronium is a rapidly acting non-depolarising muscle relaxant with a duration of action similar to that of vecuronium and may be a useful alternative to suxamethonium for rapid tracheal intubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06844.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myalgia and biochemical changes following suxamethonium after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The incidence and severity of muscle pains and changes in creatine kinase were assessed following administration of 1 mg.kg−1 suxamethonium either immediately or 2 min after induction of anaesthesia with propofol or thiopentone in patients undergoing elective dental and ophthalmic surgery. The incidence of muscle pains was 35 and 60% respectively in the groups given suxamethonium immediately and 2 min after propofol, and 35 and 55% when given immediately and 2 min after thiopentone, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Creatine kinase levels increased in all the groups after operation with the least average increase in the group receiving suxamethonium immediately after propofol and the highest increase in the group receiving suxamethonium 2 min after thiopentone. There was no correlation between the incidence and severity of fasciculations, muscle pains and changes in creatine kinase within or between the groups. It is concluded that neither the induction agent nor the time between the induction agent and suxamethonium administration has any significant influence on the incidence of muscle pains or creatine kinase elevation following suxamethonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07131.x
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